動(dòng)詞不定式練習(xí)題及講解

1、動(dòng)詞不定式用法要點(diǎn)講解一、作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)，其位置有以下兩種：把不定式置于句首。如：Togettherebybikewilltakeushalfanhour.用it作形式主語(yǔ)，把真正的主語(yǔ)不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如：It+be+名詞+todoItsourdutytotakegoodcareoftheold.Ittakessb+sometime+todoHowlongdidittakeyoutofinishthework?It+be+形容詞+forsb+todoItisdifficultforustofinishwritingthecomposition

2、aquarterofanhour.It+be+形容詞+ofsb+todoItisstupidofyoutowritedowneverythingtheteachersays.Itseems(appears)+形容詞+todoItseemedimpossibletosavemoney.二、作賓語(yǔ)1不定式作賓語(yǔ)以下動(dòng)詞后，只能跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)。如：agree,ask,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail,help,hope,lean,longmanage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,wish等

3、，這些詞大咅E分可接that引導(dǎo)的從句。如：Whenourvisittothefarmwasover,weexpectedtostartbackonfoot.Whenourvisittothefarmwasover,weexpectedthatwewouldstartbackonfoot.當(dāng)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中的賓語(yǔ)是不定式時(shí)，先用形式賓語(yǔ)it代替不定式，把不定式置于補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之后，即：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+it+木卜語(yǔ)+todo句式。Hefeelsithisdutytohelpthepoor.介詞but,except,besides+todo(do)在這種句型中，如介詞前有動(dòng)詞do,后面應(yīng)接不帶to的不定式；如無do

4、,則接to不定式，即帶do不帶to,帶to不帶do。如：Theenemysoldiershadnochoicebuttogivein.2部分動(dòng)詞后面，既可接動(dòng)詞不定式，也可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，意義不變。如：begin,continue,start,hate,like,love,need,require,want等。在need,require,want后接-ing形式，表示被動(dòng)意義，也可接不定式，但要用被動(dòng)形式，如：Yourhandwritingneedsimproving(tobeimproved),hate,love,like接不定式表示特定的未來事件，接動(dòng)名詞表示目前正在進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)或一般的行為

5、。在下列情況下，一般要用不定式：hate,like,love前有would(should)時(shí)，如：Idliketohaveacupofcoffee.當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞begin,continue,start等是進(jìn)行式時(shí)，如：Thestudentsarestartingtoworkonthedifficultmathsproblem.begin,continue,start與know,understand等狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)，如：Isoonbegantounderstandwhatwashappening.advise,allow,encourage,forbid,permit等動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，或帶不

6、定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：Ourteachersdontpermitour/usswimminginthelake.Ourteachersdontpermitustoswiminthelake.部分動(dòng)詞后接不定式或動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，意義差別較大，應(yīng)根據(jù)句子語(yǔ)境選擇使用。forget,remember,regret后接不定式，表示現(xiàn)在或未來的動(dòng)作，接動(dòng)名詞表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。如：Weregrettotellyouthatallofyouarenotinvitedtoattendthemeeting.Theyregrettedorderingthesebooksfromabroad.meantodo打算做某事；

7、meandoing意味著trytodo設(shè)法盡力做某事；trydoing試著做某事stoptodo停下一件事去做另一件事(不定式作目的狀語(yǔ))；stopdoing停止做某事canthelpdoing禁不?。籧anttodo不能幫助干goontodo做不同的事或不同內(nèi)容的事；doing繼續(xù)不停地做某事，指同一動(dòng)作的繼續(xù)leaveofftodo離開某地去干什么(目的狀語(yǔ))；leavedoing停下某事三、做表語(yǔ)Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.四、作定語(yǔ)不定式在句中作定語(yǔ)，置于被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。如：Haveyouanythingtobetakent

8、oyoursister?Wouldyoupleasegivemesomepapertowriteon?不定式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)和被修飾詞之間表示以下關(guān)系：表示尚未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。與被修飾詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，如是不及物動(dòng)詞，則需加介詞。與被修飾詞之間有邏輯上的主位關(guān)系。不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般可轉(zhuǎn)換為定語(yǔ)從句。五、不定式作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一些及物動(dòng)詞除要求按賓語(yǔ)外，有時(shí)還需要有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，說明賓語(yǔ)的行為、狀態(tài)、特征，這時(shí)意思才相對(duì)完整。常要求不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：allow,ask,advise,beg,cause,drive(強(qiáng)迫)，encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,wou

9、ldlike(love,hate),order,permit,persuade,teach,tell,want,warn,wish等。如：Iexpectyoutounderstandthewholepassageclearly.部分動(dòng)詞后常接tobe+形容詞、名詞短語(yǔ)等形式，有時(shí)tobe可省略，如：consider,imagine,judge,prove,suppose等。Iconsiderhim(tobe)oneofthebestbiologyteachers.但當(dāng)不定式是完成式時(shí)，to不能省略，如：Weconsiderhimtohavebeenfoolish.感覺動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞后用作賓補(bǔ)的

10、不定式須省略to。Ididnthearanyonesayanythingaboutit.Theymakethestudentsdotoomuchhomeworkeveryday.這種句式在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，to不能省略，如第句：Thestudentsaremadetodotoomuchhomeworkeveryday.部分短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后，常接不定式作賓補(bǔ)，如：ThePartycallsonustoincreaseproductionandpractiseeconomy.常這樣用的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有：askfor,carefor,callon,dependon,waitfor,longfor(渴望),prep

11、arefor等。2作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)不定式作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，和主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成一種邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。如：Hewasnotallowedtoentertheclassroomforbeinglate.Theyounguniversitystudentisconsideredtohavegreatpromise.六、不定式作狀語(yǔ)1作目的狀語(yǔ)Istayedtheretoseewhatwouldhappen.有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，不定式前可加inorder或soas。如：Bobtookdownmytelephonenumbersoas(inorder)nottoforgetit.有時(shí)為強(qiáng)調(diào)目的狀語(yǔ)可把inorderto或不定式

12、置于句首，但soasto不能這樣用。在這種句式中不定式部分可轉(zhuǎn)換為sothat,inorderthat,成為目的狀語(yǔ)從句，如：Istayedtheresothat（inorderthat）Icouldseewhatwouldhappen.（3）在部分表示感情色彩的形容詞、過去分詞或動(dòng)詞之后可接不定式，如：astonished,glad,happy,laugh,pleased,sad,smile,sorry,surprised等。Wearegladtohearthenews.Iwassurprisedtoseethatathree-year-oldbabycouldwritesowell.在部分

13、形容詞后接不定式，用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，這種句型中的主語(yǔ)是不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)。如:Thequestionraisedbythestudentisdifficulttoanswer.Theroomisreallycomfortabletolivein.常這樣用的形容詞有:comfortable,easy,dangerous,difficult,expensive,fit,impossible等。2作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)Wecamehomeafterourholidaytofindourgardenneatandtidy.不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)還常用在下列句式中。如：soasto；suchastoImnotsost

14、upid（afool）astoputitinwriting.我不至于愚蠢到會(huì)把它寫下來。enoughtoThespeedishighenoughforustocatchupwiththefirstliner.onlytoJanehurriedbackonlytofindhermotherdyinginthehospital.tootoImtootiredtostayuplonger.但在下列結(jié)構(gòu)中，too-to并非是“太而不能”之意。如：Imonlytoogladtohavepassedtheexam.考試及格我太高興了。（too修飾gladtohave，相當(dāng)于very）3.不定式短語(yǔ)還可作獨(dú)

15、立成分，用于句首、句中或句末。如：Totellthetruth,theplaywasagreatdisappointmenttome.常見的短語(yǔ)有tobeexact（確切地說），tobeginwith（首先），tobesure（真的）等等。七、動(dòng)詞不定式的其它用法1疑問詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)疑問詞who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)，在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。如：Whenandwheretogohasnotbeendecidedyet.以上例句中疑問詞+不定式部分，均可轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的從句形式。經(jīng)常在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中使用的動(dòng)詞有:consider

16、,decide,discover,explain,findout,forget,hear,know,learn,observe,understand,wonder等。2.動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)一般式：動(dòng)詞不定式一般式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后，有時(shí)表示同時(shí)發(fā)生。如：Ireturnedhometofindmyhousebrokenin.完成式：表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前。如：Imsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.進(jìn)行式：表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生。如：Theypretendedtobethinkingdeeply,whenIcameback.完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：表

17、示的在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。SheissaidtohavebeenwritingthenovelaboutNewYorkforyears.語(yǔ)態(tài)如果動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是這個(gè)不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者，不定式一般要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。如：Itwasimpossibleforlosttimetobemadeup.（不定式作主語(yǔ)）Canyoutellmewhichisthecartoberepaired?（不定式作定語(yǔ)）在Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中，修飾主語(yǔ)的不定式可用被動(dòng)，也可用主動(dòng)。如：Therearestillmanythingstotakecareof（tobetakencareof）.但有時(shí)兩

18、種形式表達(dá)的意思不同，如：Theseisnothingtodonow.（Wehavenothingtodonow.）Thereisnothingtobedonenow.（Wecandonothingnow.）3在口語(yǔ)中，為避免重復(fù)，常用to代替不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，有時(shí)甚至可以把to省略。如：DidyougotovisittheGreatWall?No,Iwanted（to）,buttherewasntenoughtime.另外，begoingto,oughtto,usedto等也常用于這一結(jié)構(gòu)中。在why引起的問句中，省略to。如：Whydontwespendsuchalotofmoneybuying

19、things?Whynotwaitforacoupleofdays?當(dāng)兩個(gè)或更多作用相同的不定式并列使用時(shí)，只在第一個(gè)不定式前加too如：Itsquitenecessaryforustoreadmoreandhavemorepractice.to在下列短語(yǔ)中是“介詞”，后接動(dòng)名詞或名詞形式。如：devote-to,lookforwardto（盼望），objectto（反對(duì)），taketo（養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣，對(duì)感興趣；開始從事某種活動(dòng)）,beusedto（習(xí)慣于）,bedevotedto,pay/drawattentionto,getdownto,treat-to,beaddictedto,makeco

20、ntributionsto,oweto,lookupto,relateto,等。不定式專題：l.IsnecessarytochangetrainsatBeijing?A.thisB.thatC.itD.he2.iseasierthantodo.A.SayingB.TosayHefounditimportantthesituationallovertheworld.A.studyB.tostudyC.SaidC.studiesD.TohavingsaidD.tobestudiedlateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.D.himtoleaveATosleepB

21、SleepingCSleepDHavingslept5.Itwasfoolishhiscarunlocked.A.forhimtoleaveB.ofhimtoleaveC.forhimleaveTheboyrefusedforclimbingthetalltree.A.topayB.tobepaidC.beingpaidIhappenedthearticlewhenheaskedmeaboutit.A,havingreadB.tohavereadD.payingC.tobereadTalkingaboutthefuturecareer,IdpreferateacherD.readingbeas

22、ecretary.A.being,toB.tobe,toC.tobe,ratherthanD.being,morethanTheyoungmanpersuadedhisfathersmokingA.togiveupB.givingupC.beinggivenupD.giveupTheywouldnotallowhimacrosstheenemyline.A.toriskgoingB.riskingtogoC.forrisktogoD.riskgoingBelieveitornot,hewasseenupstairsjustnow.A.togoB.togoingC.havinggoneD.goP

23、auldoesnthavetobemade.Healwaysworkshard.D.learningA.learnB.tolearnC.learnedHiswishadoctorcametrue.A.becomingB.becomeC.tobecomeD.becameTherearefivepairs,butIamatalosswhichtobuy.AtobechosenBtochoosefromCtochooseDforchoosingThedoctordideverythinghecouldthepatient.A.saveB.tosaveC.savingD.savedIwasjustab

24、outtheofficewhenthephonerang.A.leavingB.leaveC.toleaveD.toleavingAtlasttheenemysoldiershadnochoicebuttheirguns.A.tolaydownB.liedownC.layingdownD.laydownDoletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappearseverything.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentoldWhenandwheretobuildthenewpowerstationyet.A.isnotd

25、ecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecidedAllIdidwashimalittlepush.Ididntmeantoharmhim.A.giveB.givenC.givingD.togivingThelibraryneeds,butitllhavetowaituntilSunday.A.tocleanB.tobecleanedC.cleanD.beingcleanedHemadealongspeechhisignorance(無矢口)ofthesubject.A.onlytoshowB.onlyshowingC.showingD.e

26、noughtoshowrveworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhatinmynewjob.AexpectedBtoexpectCtobeexpectingDexpectsTomwhentheyspokeillofhim.A.happenedtobepassedB.happenedtobepassingbyC.happenedpassingbyD.happenedtopassedTomasteraforeignlanguage,.A.alotofpracticeisneededB.itneedsalotofpracticeC.practiceisinneedofD

27、.oneneedsalotofpractice26Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?Oh,excellent.Itsworthasecondtime.A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingreadThespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldntmakehimself(NMET9134)A.hearB.tohearC.hearingD.heardOnafternoon,MrsGreenwenttothemarket,somebananasandvisitedhercousin.(NMET9123)A.boughtB.buy

28、ingC.tobuyD.writing-Iusuallygotherebytrain.-Whynotbyboatforachange?(NMET9214)A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoingareply,hedecidedtowriteagain.(MET9239)A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.HavingnotreceivedHowaboutthetwoofuswalkdownthegarden?(MET9317)A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.tobe

29、takingdowntheradiothebabysasleepinthenextroom.(MET9324)A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnedD.TurnCharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsideredthefirstcomputer.(MET9334)A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented-Imustapologizeforaheadoftime.Thatsallright.(MET9421)A.lettingyounotknowB.notlettingyouknowC.lettingyouknownotD.lettingnotyouknowRatherthanonacrowdedbus,healwaysprefersabicycle.(NMET9422)A.ride；rideB.riding；rideC.ride；torideD.toride；ridingThemissingboyswerelastseenneartheriver.(NMET9425)A.playingB.tobeplayingC.pla