財(cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)英語

1、財(cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)英語Financial Accounting English 1General Introduction To Financial Accounting To begin with ,wed like to make a general introduction to the essentials of accounting .Thus ,accounting elements ,accounting equation ,T account and double-entry systemThe ledger and chart of accounts ,journalizing and

2、 posting are introduced in this passage .The purpose of this age is to pave the way for the study of this course. 2 The accounting equation shows the Basic relationship between the accounting elements i.e. the balance position of assets on one side whereas liabilities and owners equity on the other

3、side . so the accounting equation is :Assets =Liabilities + Owners equity3Accounting element : Asset Liability Owners equity Revenue Expense Profit4Accrual vs Cash AccountingAccrual Accounting權(quán)責(zé)發(fā)生制.Impact of business transactions are recorded when the transaction occurs Revenues are recognized when

4、earned . Expenses are recognized when incurred.Cash Accounting收付實(shí)現(xiàn)制.Transactions are recorded when cash is received or paid . Revenues are recorded when cash is received.Expenses are recorded when cash is paid.5 Under accrual accounting, cash transactions are recorded as well as noncash transactions

5、 such as:Purchases of inventory on accountSales on accountDepreciation expenseAccrual of expenses incurred but not yet paidUsage of prepaid rent, insurance, and supplies6The definition of accrual basis Accrual basis is a system of accounting that matches revenues and expenses, respectively, to the p

6、eriod they were earned and incurred. Under accrual basic accounting, revenue is recorded when product is hipped or service provided. 7 Similarly, accrual basis accounting requires expenses be recorded in the period in which the related revenues were recognized. Accrual basis accounting differs from

7、cash basis accounting, where revenue and expense are recorded when cash is received or paid. 8Time-Period Concept.會(huì)計(jì)期間The time-period concept ensures that accounting information is reported at regular intervals. Basic accounting period is 1 year A fiscal year ends on a date other than December 31.In

8、terim financial statements are usually prepared for periods such as a month, a quarter, or semiannual period.9Time-Period Concept A fiscal year ends on a date other than December 31. Most retailers, including Wal-Mart and J.C.Penney, use a fiscal year that ends on January 31 because the low point in

9、 their business activity falls after Christmas. 10常用會(huì)計(jì)科目的英文名稱 1.資產(chǎn)類科目Assets現(xiàn)金：Cash and cash equivalents銀行存款：Bank deposit應(yīng)收賬款：Account receivable應(yīng)收票據(jù)：Notes receivable應(yīng)收股利：Dividend receivable應(yīng)收利息：Interest receivable其他應(yīng)收款：Other receivables 原材料：Raw materials 在途物資：Materials in transport 庫存商品：inventory 存貨跌

10、價(jià)準(zhǔn)備：rovision fort he decline in value of inventories 壞賬準(zhǔn)備：Bad debt provision 待攤費(fèi)用：Prepaid expense11 交易性金融資產(chǎn)：Trading financial assets持有至到期投資：held-to-maturity investment可供出售金融資產(chǎn)：Available-for-sale financial assets短期投資：Short-term investment長(zhǎng)期股權(quán)投資：Long-term equity investment固定資產(chǎn)：Fixed assets累計(jì)折舊：Accumul

11、ated depreciation在建工程：Construction-in-process固定資產(chǎn)減值準(zhǔn)備：provision for the decline in value of fixed assets無形資產(chǎn)：Intangible assets累計(jì)攤銷：Accumulated amortization商譽(yù)：Goodwill遞延所得稅資產(chǎn)：deferred tax assets (DTA )12 2.負(fù)債類Liability短期借款：Short-term loans/ borrowing長(zhǎng)期借款：Long-term loans/ borrowing預(yù)收賬款：advance from cu

12、stomers/ Deposit received應(yīng)付票據(jù)：Notes payable應(yīng)付賬款：Account payable應(yīng)付工資薪酬：wages payable應(yīng)付股利：Dividends payable應(yīng)付利息：Interest payable應(yīng)交稅費(fèi)：Tax payable其他應(yīng)付款：Other payables遞延所得稅負(fù)債：Deferred tax liabilities3.所有者權(quán)益類 OWNERS EQUITY實(shí)收資本：Paid-in capital （paid-up）資本公積：Capital reserves盈余公積：Surplus reserves未確認(rèn)投資損失：Unre

13、alized investment losses未分配利潤(rùn)：Retained earnings after appropriation4.成本類科目Cost生產(chǎn)成本：Manufacturing Cost制造費(fèi)用：Manufacturing overhead勞務(wù)成本：labor costs13 5.損益類Profit and loss主營(yíng)業(yè)務(wù)收入：Main operating revenue其他業(yè)務(wù)收入：Other operating revenue營(yíng)業(yè)外收入：Non-operating income投資收益：Investment income產(chǎn)品銷售收入：sales revenue主營(yíng)業(yè)務(wù)成本

14、：Main operating costscost of goods sold / cost of sales其他業(yè)務(wù)支出：Other operating costs營(yíng)業(yè)外支出：Non-operating expense銷售費(fèi)用：Selling expense管理費(fèi)用：General and administration expense （G&A expense）財(cái)務(wù)費(fèi)用：Finance expense公允價(jià)值變動(dòng)損益：Gain/loss of the change of fair value所得稅：Income tax14Closing the Books.結(jié)帳Temporary accou

15、nts are closed-Revenues-Expenses-DividendsPermanent accounts are not closed-Assets-Liabilities-Stockholders Equity15Closing accounts Debit each revenue account for its credit balance and credit Retained Earnings for the sum of the revenues.Credit each expense account for its debit balance. Debit ret

16、ained earnings for the sum of the expenses . Credit the dividends account for its debit balance. Debit Retained Earnings.16Classified Balance SheetCurrent assetsLong-term assetsCurrent liabilitiesLong-term liabilities17Formats for Financial StatementsBalance sheet formats-Report format-Account formatIncome statement formats-Single-step income statement-Multi-step income statement18Accounting RatiosCurrent RatioTotal Current