財務會計英語

1、財務會計英語Financial Accounting English 1General Introduction To Financial Accounting To begin with ,wed like to make a general introduction to the essentials of accounting .Thus ,accounting elements ,accounting equation ,T account and double-entry systemThe ledger and chart of accounts ,journalizing and

2、 posting are introduced in this passage .The purpose of this age is to pave the way for the study of this course. 2 The accounting equation shows the Basic relationship between the accounting elements i.e. the balance position of assets on one side whereas liabilities and owners equity on the other

3、side . so the accounting equation is :Assets =Liabilities + Owners equity3Accounting element : Asset Liability Owners equity Revenue Expense Profit4Accrual vs Cash AccountingAccrual Accounting權責發(fā)生制.Impact of business transactions are recorded when the transaction occurs Revenues are recognized when

4、earned . Expenses are recognized when incurred.Cash Accounting收付實現(xiàn)制.Transactions are recorded when cash is received or paid . Revenues are recorded when cash is received.Expenses are recorded when cash is paid.5 Under accrual accounting, cash transactions are recorded as well as noncash transactions

5、 such as:Purchases of inventory on accountSales on accountDepreciation expenseAccrual of expenses incurred but not yet paidUsage of prepaid rent, insurance, and supplies6The definition of accrual basis Accrual basis is a system of accounting that matches revenues and expenses, respectively, to the p

6、eriod they were earned and incurred. Under accrual basic accounting, revenue is recorded when product is hipped or service provided. 7 Similarly, accrual basis accounting requires expenses be recorded in the period in which the related revenues were recognized. Accrual basis accounting differs from

7、cash basis accounting, where revenue and expense are recorded when cash is received or paid. 8Time-Period Concept.會計期間The time-period concept ensures that accounting information is reported at regular intervals. Basic accounting period is 1 year A fiscal year ends on a date other than December 31.In

8、terim financial statements are usually prepared for periods such as a month, a quarter, or semiannual period.9Time-Period Concept A fiscal year ends on a date other than December 31. Most retailers, including Wal-Mart and J.C.Penney, use a fiscal year that ends on January 31 because the low point in

9、 their business activity falls after Christmas. 10常用會計科目的英文名稱 1.資產(chǎn)類科目Assets現(xiàn)金：Cash and cash equivalents銀行存款：Bank deposit應收賬款：Account receivable應收票據(jù)：Notes receivable應收股利：Dividend receivable應收利息：Interest receivable其他應收款：Other receivables 原材料：Raw materials 在途物資：Materials in transport 庫存商品：inventory 存貨跌

10、價準備：rovision fort he decline in value of inventories 壞賬準備：Bad debt provision 待攤費用：Prepaid expense11 交易性金融資產(chǎn)：Trading financial assets持有至到期投資：held-to-maturity investment可供出售金融資產(chǎn)：Available-for-sale financial assets短期投資：Short-term investment長期股權投資：Long-term equity investment固定資產(chǎn)：Fixed assets累計折舊：Accumul

11、ated depreciation在建工程：Construction-in-process固定資產(chǎn)減值準備：provision for the decline in value of fixed assets無形資產(chǎn)：Intangible assets累計攤銷：Accumulated amortization商譽：Goodwill遞延所得稅資產(chǎn)：deferred tax assets (DTA )12 2.負債類Liability短期借款：Short-term loans/ borrowing長期借款：Long-term loans/ borrowing預收賬款：advance from cu

12、stomers/ Deposit received應付票據(jù)：Notes payable應付賬款：Account payable應付工資薪酬：wages payable應付股利：Dividends payable應付利息：Interest payable應交稅費：Tax payable其他應付款：Other payables遞延所得稅負債：Deferred tax liabilities3.所有者權益類 OWNERS EQUITY實收資本：Paid-in capital （paid-up）資本公積：Capital reserves盈余公積：Surplus reserves未確認投資損失：Unre

13、alized investment losses未分配利潤：Retained earnings after appropriation4.成本類科目Cost生產(chǎn)成本：Manufacturing Cost制造費用：Manufacturing overhead勞務成本：labor costs13 5.損益類Profit and loss主營業(yè)務收入：Main operating revenue其他業(yè)務收入：Other operating revenue營業(yè)外收入：Non-operating income投資收益：Investment income產(chǎn)品銷售收入：sales revenue主營業(yè)務成本

14、：Main operating costscost of goods sold / cost of sales其他業(yè)務支出：Other operating costs營業(yè)外支出：Non-operating expense銷售費用：Selling expense管理費用：General and administration expense （G&A expense）財務費用：Finance expense公允價值變動損益：Gain/loss of the change of fair value所得稅：Income tax14Closing the Books.結帳Temporary accou

15、nts are closed-Revenues-Expenses-DividendsPermanent accounts are not closed-Assets-Liabilities-Stockholders Equity15Closing accounts Debit each revenue account for its credit balance and credit Retained Earnings for the sum of the revenues.Credit each expense account for its debit balance. Debit ret

16、ained earnings for the sum of the expenses . Credit the dividends account for its debit balance. Debit Retained Earnings.16Classified Balance SheetCurrent assetsLong-term assetsCurrent liabilitiesLong-term liabilities17Formats for Financial StatementsBalance sheet formats-Report format-Account formatIncome statement formats-Single-step income statement-Multi-step income statement18Accounting RatiosCurrent RatioTotal Current