計算機組織與結(jié)構(gòu)

1、 計算機組織與結(jié)構(gòu) Computer Organization and Architecture1William Stallings Computer Organization and ArchitectureArchitecture(those attributes visible to the programmer) Organization (the operational units and their interconnections that realize the architecture)This hierarchical organization is described i

2、n this book from the top down: Computer system, Processor, Control unitThe examples of this book are drawn from two computer families: the Intel Pentium II, and the PowerPC.2William Stallings Computer Organization and ArchitectureThe book is organized into five parts: Part One Overview a preview and

3、 context for the remainder of the book. Part Two The computer system A computer system consists of processor, memory, and I/O modules, plus the interconnections among these major components.3William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture Part Three The central processing unitThe CPU consis

4、ts of a control unit, registers, the arithmetic and logic unit, the instruction execution unit, and the interconnections among these components. Part Four The control unitThe control unit is that part of the processor that activates the various components of the processor. This part looks at the fun

5、ctioning of the control unit and its implementation using microprogramming.4William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture Part Five Parallel organizationThis final part looks at some of the issues involved in multiple processor and vector processing organizations.5William Stallings Comput

6、er Organization and ArchitectureChapter 1Introduction61.1 Architecture & Organization 1Computer architecture is those attributes visible to the programmer, or, those attributes that have a direct impact on the logical execution of a program.Architectural attributes: instruction set, number of bits u

7、sed for data representation, I/O mechanisms, addressing techniques.e.g. Is there a multiply instruction?7Computer organization is how features are implemented, in other words, computer organization refers to the operational units and their interconnections that realize the architectural specificatio

8、ns. Organization attributes: those hardware details transparent to the programmer ( control signals, interfaces, memory technology).e.g. Is there a hardware multiply unit or is it done by repeated addition?8Architecture & Organization 2All Intel x86 family share the same basic architectureThe IBM Sy

9、stem/370 family share the same basic architectureThis gives code compatibilityAt least backwardsOrganization differs between different versions91.2 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONStructure: The way in which the components are interrelated.Function: The operation of each individual components as part of the s

10、tructure.10FunctionA computers basic functions :Data processingData storageData movementControl11Functional viewFunctional view of a computerDataMovementApparatusControlMechanismDataStorageFacilityDataProcessingFacilityOPERATING ENVIROMENTSource and Destination of Data12Operations (1)Data movemente.

11、g. keyboard to screenDataMovementApparatusControlMechanismDataStorageFacilityDataProcessingFacility13Operations (2)Storage e.g. Internet download to diskDataMovementApparatusControlMechanismDataStorageFacilityDataProcessingFacility14Operation (3)Processing from/to storage e.g. updating bank statemen

12、tDataMovementApparatusControlMechanismDataStorageFacilityDataProcessingFacility15Operation (4)Processing from storage to I/Oe.g. printing a bank statementDataMovementApparatusControlMechanismDataStorageFacilityDataProcessingFacility16Structure - Top LevelComputerMain MemoryInputOutputSystemsIntercon

13、nectionPeripheralsCommunicationlinesCentralProcessing UnitComputer17Structure - The CPUComputerArithmeticand Login UnitControlUnitInternal CPUInterconnectionRegistersCPUI/OMemorySystemBusCPU18Structure - The Control UnitCPUControlMemoryControl Unit Registers and DecodersSequencingLogicControlUnitALU

14、RegistersInternalBusControl Unit19Outline of the Book (1)Computer Evolution and PerformanceComputer Interconnection StructuresInternal MemoryExternal MemoryInput/OutputOperating Systems SupportComputer ArithmeticInstruction Sets20Outline of the Book (2)CPU Structure and FunctionReduced Instruction S

15、et ComputersSuperscalar ProcessorsControl Unit OperationMicroprogrammed ControlMultiprocessors and Vector ProcessingDigital Logic (Appendix)21Internet Resources- Web site for booklinks to sites of interestlinks to sites for courses that use the bookerrata list for bookinformation on other books by W. Stallings22Internet Resources- Web sites to look for Architecture Home PageCPU Info CenterACM Sp