最新講解最全的定語從句講解

1、專業(yè)知識分享高一英語高一英語語法Grammar:定語從句（人注行6aClauses）Handsomeboys=theboyswhoarehandsomeBeautifulflowers=theflowerswhicharebeautiful定義：定語從句（AttributiveClauses）：由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引導(dǎo)的從句，其作用是作定語修飾主句的某個名詞和代詞，相當(dāng)于形容詞，所以又稱為形容詞性從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞可分為關(guān)系代詞（who,whom,whose,which,that）和關(guān)系副詞（when,w

2、here,why）關(guān)系詞都充當(dāng)從句的某個成分，它所替代的相應(yīng)成分應(yīng)省去。在定語從句中，當(dāng)who,which,that作主語時，謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞保持一致。關(guān)系詞常有3個作用：引導(dǎo)定語從句。代替先行詞。在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分。定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。非限制性定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系不如限制性定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系緊密，沒有它，主句的意思也清楚，因此用逗號隔開。關(guān)系詞在非限制性定語從句中的用法與在限制性定語從句中的用法基本一樣。關(guān)系代詞以及基本用法關(guān)系代詞指示對象作用例句That人物主.（賓）ThestudentthatansweredthequestionwasJohn

3、.回答問題的學(xué)生是約翰。Thebook(that)youlentmewasinteresting.你借給我的那本書很有趣。Which物主.（賓）Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.足球是大多數(shù)男孩都喜歡的游戲.Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.這是他昨天剛買的鋼筆.Who人主.（賓）Adoctorisapersonwholooksafterpeopleshealth.Theman(who)youmetjustnowismyfriend.Whom人（賓）Theman（whom）youmetjustnowismyfri

4、end,你剛剛見到的那個人就是我的朋友.Mr.Lingisjusttheboy（whom）Iwanttosee.凌先生恰巧就是我想見的那個男孩.Whose人物定Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.Pleasepassmethebookwhose(ofwhich)coverisgreen.注意一：1)介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。2)that前不能有介詞。3)某些在從句中充當(dāng)時間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語的介詞+關(guān)系詞結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞whenwhere和why互換。where=in/at+whichwhen=in/on/at/during+whichwhy=forwhichwh

5、ose=ofwhich/whom+the+物/人=由6+物/人+。which/whom例如：1.ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.這是我兩年前住過的房子。=ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub？還記得你加入我們俱樂部的那一天嗎？=Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub？Thetourists,ofwhomtheeldestis70(theeldestofwhomis70),arefromSi

6、ngapore.Isawthreefilmsthismonth,twoofwhichwereveryinteresting.Thereason(which/that)hesabsentfromthemeetingforisnotclear.=Thereasonforwhich/whyhesabsentfromthemeetingisnotclear.whom在定語從句中只指人，做賓語，可用who或that代替，也可以省略但后邊的介詞提前時，只用whom例如：Doyouknowtheman(whom/who/that)theteacheristalkingto?=Doyouknowthemant

7、owhomtheteacheristalking?Sheistheperson(whom/who/that)youshouldturntoforhelp.=SheisthepersontowhomyoushouldturnforhelpWhose用來指人或物，(只用作定語)Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.那人車壞了，大家都跑過去幫忙。Pleasepassmethebookwhosecover(=ofwhichthecover)isgreen.請遞給我那本綠皮的書。.先行詞有下列詞修飾時只能用as引導(dǎo)定語從句，如：as.as；so.

8、as；such.as；thesame+名詞+as。Youcanbuyasmanybooksasyouwantinthisbookstore.(as作want的賓語)SuchcomputersasareusedinourofficearemadeinSouthKorea.(as作定語從句的主語)ThisjewelisthesameoneasIshowedyoutheotherday.(as作showed的直接賓語)ThisjewelisthesameonethatIshowedyoutheotherday.(that作showed的直接賓語)請注意thesame+名詞+as與thesame+名詞

9、+that的區(qū)別。SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMaryswedding.她穿著她在MARY婚禮上穿過的一條裙子。Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.她穿著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子。注意：定語從句suchas與結(jié)果狀語從句suchthat的區(qū)別：as在所引導(dǎo)的定語從句中作主語，賓語；that在結(jié)果狀語從句中不做成分(3)HehassuchagoodlaptopasIwanttobuy.(4)HehassuchagoodlaptopthatIwanttobuyone.先行詞有比較級修飾時用than；先行詞有否定詞修飾時

10、用but，表示雙重否定，此時的but=who/which/that.notMymotheralwaysgivesmemoremoneythanisneeded.(than作定語從句主語)Thisyear,thefarmershaveharvestedmoregrainthanwasexpected.(than作定語從句主語)Thereisnotastudentbutwantstogotouniversity.=Thereisnotastudentwho/thatdoesntwanttogotouniversity.(but作定語從句主語)練習(xí)選擇正確的關(guān)系代詞填入題目中的空白處。(thatwh

11、ichwhowhosewhom)1.Doyouseethebridgewasbuiltlastyear2.ThenursewetalkedaboutcanspeakEnglishwell.3.Theoldgentlemanyoumetjustnowisafamouswriter.4.ThegirltoIlentmybikeworksinahospital.5.Shewasthebravegirlnameisknowntoeverybody.注意二：that和which雖然都能指物，但是在某些情況下，只能用that指物而不用which1)先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時，例如：Thisisthemos

12、tinterestingmoviethatIhaveeverseen.(作賓語可省略)Thisisthemostbeautifulparkthatwehavevisited.2)先行詞被thevery，theonlythesame,thelast等修飾時，例如：ThisistheverybookthatImlookingfor.(作賓語，可省略)WORD格式整理WORD格式整理專業(yè)知識分享專業(yè)知識分享Theonlythingthatshecoulddowastowaitpatiently.（作賓語，可省略）3）先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時，例如：Thefirstthingthatwedointhemo

13、rningistocleantheclassroom.（作賓語，可省略）Thisisthethirdlargestcitythatwasfoundedinthe1980s.（作主語）4）當(dāng)先行詞是anything,everything,nothing（something除外）,few,all,none,little,some等代詞時，或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much，each等修飾時.Haveyoutakendowneverything（that）Mr.Lihassaid?Thereseemstobenothing（that）seemsimpo

14、ssibleforhimintheworld.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.Thereislittle（that）Icandoforyou.5）當(dāng)先行詞前面有who,which等疑問代詞時Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?6）、當(dāng)先行詞既有人，也有動物或者物體時Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned?7）先行詞是主句的表語或關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語，例如：Heisnottheboythatheusedtobe

15、.Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe.Bambooishollow,whichmakesitlight.ThisistheroominwhichChairmanMaooncelived.Theclockisthatwhichcantellusthetime.當(dāng)在therebe句型中，通常情況下用that，不用which、注意三：宜用which而不用that的情況關(guān)系副詞指示對象作用例句When時間狀語IllneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyouThetimewhenwegottogetherfinal

16、lycame.Where地點(diǎn)狀語ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddownShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.Why原因狀語Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.Idontknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.1.在非限制性定語從句中。2.在關(guān)系詞前有介詞時。3.當(dāng)先行詞本身是that時。關(guān)系副詞：關(guān)系副詞（在句中作狀語）關(guān)系副詞=介詞+關(guān)系代詞wh

17、y=forwhich（先行詞一般是reason）Where=in/at/on/.which（介詞同先行詞搭配）When=during/on/in/.which（介詞同先行詞搭配）某些在從句中充當(dāng)時間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語的介詞+關(guān)系詞結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when,where和why互換。where=in/at+whichwhen=in/on/at/during+whichwhy=forwhichwhose=ofwhich/whom+the+物/人=由6+物/人+。which/whom例如：ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.這是我兩年前住過的房子。=Thisi

18、sthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?還記得你加入我們俱樂部的那一天嗎？=Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub？Thisisthereasonwhyhecamelate.=Thisisthereasonforwhichhecamelate.注意：.含有介詞的動詞短語一般不拆開使用，如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等TThisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.(T=正確)FThisi

19、sthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(F=錯誤).若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時用whom,不可用who或者that；指物時用which,不能用that；關(guān)系代詞是所有格時用whoseThemanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(T)Themanwiththatyoutalkedismyfriend.(F)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.(T)TheplaneinthatweflewintoCanadaisverycomfortable.(F)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前可有some,any

20、,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代詞或者數(shù)詞Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.theway為先行詞的定語從句通常由inwhich,that引導(dǎo)，而且通?？梢允÷?。Thewayinwhich/that/省略heansweredthequestion

21、wassurprising.判斷改錯ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.Thisisthemountainvillage(which)Ivisitedlastyear.Illneverforgetthedays(which)Ispentinthecountryside.習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞where,when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。方法二：準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀),也能正確選擇出

22、關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。例1.Isthismuseum_youvisitedafewdaysago?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone例2.Isthisthemuseumtheexhibitionwasheld?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone答案：例1口，例2A例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌篢hismuseumisyouvisitedafewdaysago6U2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌篢hisisthemuseum_theexhibitionwasheld.二、非限定性定語從句：非限定性定語從句的作用是對所修飾的成分作進(jìn)一步說明,通常和.主句間用逗號隔開,將從句拿掉后

23、其他部分仍可成立Herhouse,whichwasbuiltahundredyearsago,stoodstillintheearthquake.(那座房子在地震中依然聳立,它是一百多年前建造的。).在非限定性定語從句中，不能用that,而用who,whom代表人，用which代表事物,whenwherewhy分別代表時間,地點(diǎn),原因(做狀語).as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有相同之處也有不同之處。具體情況是：1)、As和which都可以在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，代表前面整個句子。Which還可指代主句中的某個詞或短語。Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.

24、Hewashonest,as/whichwecansee.2)、as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一個主句；which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后，意為“這，這一點(diǎn)”。as有“正如，正像”的意思Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.Heisfromthesouth,aswecanseefromhisaccent.John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.HehasbeentoParismorethanseveraltimes,whichIdontbelieve.難點(diǎn)透析定語從句是高中階段

25、的重點(diǎn)語法項(xiàng)目之一。因此，有必要全面弄清其用法。定語從句從句型上講，它與六種句式相似，十分容易混淆。為了分清定語從句與這六種句型的差異，現(xiàn)將其分類例析如下?！倦y點(diǎn)一】定語從句與并列句用一個恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整、正確MrLihasthreedaughters，noneofisanengineer.MrLihasthreedaughters,butnoneofisadancer.MrLihasthreedaughters；aredoctors.解析：定語從句與并列句的主要區(qū)別在于：并列句有像and,but,so等并列連詞或兩個句子用分號連接，這時就不能再用引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞了。從結(jié)構(gòu)上

26、看小題是定語從句，故填whom；小題有并列連詞but,是并列句，故填代詞them；小題是兩個并列分句，無需連接詞，缺少主語，故填none或they?！倦y點(diǎn)二】定語從句與地點(diǎn)狀語從句用一個恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整、正確。icedoesntgrowwellthereisnotenoughwater.Istillrememberthefarmmyparentsworkedtenyearsago.解析：定語從句與地點(diǎn)狀語從句的主要區(qū)別在于：定語從句有表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞，而地點(diǎn)狀語從句則沒有；定語從句的關(guān)系詞根據(jù)需要可用介詞+which來代替where,而地點(diǎn)狀語從句則通常只能由where引導(dǎo)。因此

27、，從結(jié)構(gòu)上看:小題無表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞，故為表示地點(diǎn)的狀語從句，填where；小題中thefarm是先行詞，是定語從句，故填where,此處的where可用onwhich替換。【難點(diǎn)三】定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句用一個恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整、正確ItisonthemorningofMay1stImetLiangWeiattheairport.ItisthefactoryMrWangworks.解析：定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句的主要區(qū)別在于：強(qiáng)調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)為Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that從句。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分可以是除謂語以外的任何成分，當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人時，還可用who代替that。這一句型中，一定不能因?yàn)楸粡?qiáng)

28、調(diào)部分是表時間或地點(diǎn)的詞就用when或where代替that。從結(jié)構(gòu)上看，小題是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，故填that。此種情況檢測的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是：先把強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的Itis/was.that去掉，再把被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分還原，在不增加或減少任何單詞的情況下，如句子仍然成立則為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，否則為定語從句?？蓪⒌谛☆}改為：ImetLiangWeionthemorningofMay1stattheairport.顯然,這句話是正確的，故為強(qiáng)調(diào)句。小題則是定語從句，用上述方法轉(zhuǎn)換便知thefactory前缺少個介詞in,故填where。【難點(diǎn)四】定語從句與結(jié)果狀語從句用一個恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整、正確Ihavethesamecomp

29、uteryouhave.Sheissuchakindandfunnygirlallofusliketomakefriendswithher.解析：定語從句與結(jié)果狀語從句的主要區(qū)別在于(這里只討論thesame.as/that和such.as/that兩種情況)：在這兩種情況下，如果as/that既引導(dǎo)從句，同時又在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分，則as/that引導(dǎo)的是定語從句。在thesame.as/that結(jié)構(gòu)中，用as指一樣的，但不是同一個事物；用that指同一物品，故小題填as；如果as/that在從句中不作任何成分，只起連接作用，則as/that引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語從句，故小題填that。【難點(diǎn)五

30、】定語從句與單句WORD格式整理專業(yè)知識分享用一個恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整、正確Themothertoldthelazyboytowork,didthel.Themothertoldthelazyboytowork.didthel.解析：含有定語從句的復(fù)合句與兩個單句的主要區(qū)別在于：前者有主句，有從句，必須有關(guān)系詞；而后者則是兩個單獨(dú)的句子，不需要任何關(guān)聯(lián)詞。小題兩個句子用逗號連接且沒有并列連詞，顯然應(yīng)是主從句關(guān)系，因此需用關(guān)系詞which,前面整個句子作先行詞；小題則填I(lǐng)t,代替前面的整個句子。解題時，注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號的運(yùn)用。高中英語定語從句句型總結(jié)一、疑問句中考查定語從句Isthisthefarmyouvisitedlastweek？A.whereB.theoneC.onwhichD./【解析】答案是D。命題人經(jīng)常利用