國際貿(mào)易實務英文版課后練習參考答案教學提綱

1、此文檔僅供收集于網(wǎng)絡,如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除練習參考答案Chapter 1流淌性過剩 excess liquidity 自給自足 self-sufficient 經(jīng)濟資源 economic resources 直接投資 direct investment 國際收支 balance of payments 易貨交易 barter 出口退稅 export tax rebate 傾銷 dumping 出口型經(jīng)濟增長 export-driven economic growth 東道國 host country 貿(mào)易差額 balance of trade 貿(mào)易順差貿(mào)易逆差 favorable unfav

2、orable balance of trade 歐盟 European Union 國際收支順差國際收支逆差 有形貿(mào)易 visible trade 無形貿(mào)易 invisible trade 貨物貿(mào)易 trade in goods 服務貿(mào)易 trade in services favorable unfavorable balance of payments The chart above shows the U.S.imports from China,U.S.exports to China and the trade balance.The U.S.has a negative trade

3、 balance with China,and it has been growing. During the period from 1997 to 2022,imports from China have grown 244 while exports to China have grown 221,indicating that the trade deficit is increasing.There had already been a sizeable trade balance deficit with China in 1996,totalling 39.5 billion a

4、t the end of the year. 1.Export goods are tangible goods sent out of countries. 2.Trade in services are international earnings other than those derived from the exporting and importing of tangible goods3.Import goods are tangible goods brought in. 4.International trade is all business transactions t

5、hat involve two or more countries. 5.FDI is one that gives the investor a controlling interest in a foreign company. 6.Investment is used primarily as financial means for a company to earn more money on its money with relative safety. 1.International trade,is the fair and deliberate exchange of good

6、s and or services across national boundaries.It concerns trade operations of both import and export and includes the purchase and sale of both visible and invisible goods. 2.In todays complex economic world,neither individuals nor nations are self-sufficient. 只供學習與溝通此文檔僅供收集于網(wǎng)絡,如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除Nations par

7、ticipate in the international trade for many reasons.As to the economic reasons,no nation has all of the economic resouces （land,labor and capital） that it needs to develop its economy and culture,and no country enjoys a particular item sufficient enough to meet its needs.As for the preference reaso

8、ns,international trade takes place because of innovation of style.Besides,every nation can specialize in a certain field and enjoy a comparative advantage in some particular area in terms of trade so that they need to do business with each other to make use of resources more efficiently and effectiv

9、ely. 3.In measuring the effectiveness of global trade,nations carefully follow two key indicators,namely,balance of trade and balance of payments. 4.FDI,the abbreviation form Foreign Direct Investment,means buying of permanent property and business in foreign nations.It occurs when acquisition of eq

10、uity interest in a foreign company is made.The great significance of FDI for China might be that： FDI solve the problem of capital shortage for China so that China may spend the money on importing advanced equipment and technologies for its infrastructure,national supporting industry,key projects,et

11、c. Chapter 2關(guān)稅壁壘 tariff barriers 非關(guān)稅壁壘 non-tariff barriers 從量稅 specific duties 配額 quota 愛護性關(guān)稅 protective tariff 市場失靈 market failure 稚嫩產(chǎn)業(yè) infant industry 許可證制度 licensing system 財政關(guān)稅 revenue tariff 政府選購 government procurement 貿(mào)易愛護主義 trade protectionism 從價稅 Ad valorem Duties 最低限價 floor price 本地選購規(guī)章“buy

12、 local”rules 增加內(nèi)需 raise domestic demand Domestic content 國內(nèi)含量 Red-tape barriers 進口環(huán)節(jié)壁壘 Export susidies 出口補貼 Binding quota 綁定配額 Absolute quotas 肯定配額 VER 自愿出口限制 Tariff-rate quotas 關(guān)稅配額 Zero quota 零配額“ Buy local”rules 本地選購原就只供學習與溝通此文檔僅供收集于網(wǎng)絡,如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除 1.Protectionism means the deliberate use or encou

13、ragement of restrictions on imports to enable relatively inefficient domestic producers to compete successfully with foreign producers. 愛護主義是指蓄意使用或勉勵進口限制,和外國產(chǎn)品競爭；以此使本國相對效率低的產(chǎn)品能勝利地2.If the Russians release their stocks of tin into the world market,the price of the metal will sink through the floor. 一

14、旦俄羅斯人將其持有的錫礦股票投放于國際市場之中,格會跌破最低限價；那么該市場中金屬的價3.Protective tariff means a duty or tax imposed on imported products for the purpose of making them more expensive in comparison to domestic producers,thereby giving the domestic products a price advantage. 從而愛護性關(guān)稅表示對進口產(chǎn)品征收的關(guān)稅,旨在讓它們相比起本國商品更貴,使得本國商品具有價格優(yōu)勢；4.

15、Types of tariffs include ad valorem,specific,variable,or compound.In the United States,the imposition of tariffs is made on imported goods only.Tariffs raise the prices of imported goods,thus making them less competitive within the market of the importing country.After seven ” Rounds ”of General Agr

16、eement on Tariffs and Trade trade negotiations that focused heavily on tariff reductions,tariffs are less important measures of protection than they used to be. 關(guān)稅的種類包括從價稅, 從量稅,可變稅與復合稅； 在美國,只對進口商品征稅；關(guān)稅抬高了進口貨物的價格, 從而使得它們在進口國商品市場競爭優(yōu)勢下降；繼關(guān)稅及貿(mào)易總協(xié)定七個回合主要關(guān)于降低稅價的貿(mào)易協(xié)定之后,稅收所起的愛護作用日趨下降；1.Tariff is a duty coll

17、ected by customs of a government on imports and or exports. 2.A revenue tariff can be some of the incomes of a government,but it must be taken under control. 3.To export goods at an unreasonably low price is taken as dumping which might be fought against by government of the importing country. 4.A t

18、ariff may be assessed on a per unit basis,in which case it is known as a specific duty.It also may be assessed as a percentage of the value of the item,in which case it is knownas an ad valorem duty. 5.Import tariffs primarily serve as a means of raising the price of the import goods so that competi

19、tively produced domestic goods will gain a relative price advantage. Chapter3APEC FTAAP EU NAFTA Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation Free Trade Agreement of Asia and the Pacific European Union North American Free Trade Agreement MERCOSUR Mercado Comun del Cono Sur Southern Common Market 只供學習與溝通此文檔僅供收

20、集于網(wǎng)絡,如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除ASEAN EFTA AFTA PTAs Association of Southeast Asian Nations European Free Trade Area ASEAN Free Trade Area Preferential Trade agreements Trade bloc 貿(mào)易集團 Trade block 貿(mào)易禁運封鎖 Open regionalism 開放式區(qū)域主義 Free trade area 自由貿(mào)易區(qū) Customs union 關(guān)稅聯(lián)盟 Common market 共同市場 Economic union 經(jīng)濟聯(lián)盟 Trade e

21、mbargoes 貿(mào)易禁運 Boycotts 抵制 鄙視性關(guān)稅 discriminatory tariffs 經(jīng)濟制裁 economic sanction 貿(mào)易彈性 trade elasticity 雙邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定 bilateral trade agreements 多邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定 multilateral trade agreements 最惠國 most favored nation Chapter 4GATT HOD TRIPs GATS TRIMs MFN General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade Heads of Delegations Trade-

22、Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights General Agreement on Trade in Services Trade Related Investment Measures Most Favored Nations 惠國 Patronage nations 受惠國 Favored nations 締約國 Contracting Parties 市場準入 market access 透亮度 transparency 緊急進口措施 Urgent Importing Measures 爭端解決機制 dispute settlemen

23、t mechanism 可連續(xù)進展 sustainable development 特許經(jīng)營 franchise 1.Until now WTO has already had 150 members and its trade volume covers 90 of the total trade volume in the whole world. 只供學習與溝通此文檔僅供收集于網(wǎng)絡,如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除2.Topmost of WTO is the Ministerial Conference which has to meet at least once every two year

24、s.Under the Ministerial Conference is the General Council that has to meet at Geneva regularly. 3.The WTO Secretariat,which offices only in Geneva,Swizerland,has around 550 regular staff and is headed by a Director-General.Since decisions are made by Members only,the Secretariat has no decision-maki

25、ng powers as the other international institutions. 4.The Secretariat provides some form of legal assistance in the dispute settlement process and advises governments wishing to become Members of the WTO. Chapter5 FOB 班輪條件 FOB liner term 清關(guān) customs clearance FOB 吊鉤下交貨 FOB Under Tackle 平艙 trim 多式聯(lián)運 mu

26、ltimodal transport 船舷 shipboard 內(nèi)陸水運 marine navigation on inland waterway 理艙 stow 卸貨費 discharge expense 投保 cover insurance CFR 卸至岸上（含著陸費）CFR Landed 班輪 liner 單據(jù)買賣 documentary sales CFR 艙底交貨 CFR Ex-ships Hold CFR 班輪條件 CFR liner terms 象征性交貨 symbolic delivery .Under CFR,buyer should effect insurance. .U

27、nder CIF Ex-Ships Hold,seller should pay the discharge charges. .Under CIF,the insured amount should be US 22022 if the contracted price is US20220. .Under CIP,seller has to procure insurance against the buyers risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage. .The FAS term requires the se

28、ller to clear the goods for export. .The DEQ term requires the buyer to proceed with the customs clearance for imports and payment of all customs duty. .Under DDP,the seller must pay the costs of customs duties as well as all duties,taxes and other official charges payable upon exportation and impor

29、tation of the goods. .Under DDU the seller must give the buyer instant notice of the shipping of the goods as well as any other notice required in order to allow the buyer to take measure. 只供學習與溝通此文檔僅供收集于網(wǎng)絡,如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除 .The price quoted includes commission on FOB basis. 該報價為 FOB 的價格并含的傭金；.Under CPT,

30、CIP,“ carrier”means any person who,in a contract of carriage,undertakes to perform or to procure the performance of transport,by rail,road,air,sea,inland waterway or by a combination of such modes. 在 CPT、CIP 項下,“ 承運人” 指在貨物運輸合同中承諾通過鐵路、大路、航空、海運、內(nèi)河水運或多式運輸?shù)确绞酵瓿韶浳镞\輸?shù)娜耍?Under FCA,the chosen place of deliv

31、ery has an impact on the obligations of loading and unloading the goods at that place.If delivery occurs at the sellers premise,the seller is responsible for loading.If delivery occurs at any other place,the seller is not responsible for unloading. 在 FCA 項下,交貨地的挑選對貨物的裝船與卸載責任有影響；假如交貨地基 于賣方,賣方有裝載責任；假如

32、交貨地在其它地方,賣方對卸載沒有責任；.Under FOB,the seller must deliver the goods on the date or within the agreed period at the named port of shipment and in the manner customary at the port on board the vessel nominated by the buyerAnd the buyer must bear all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the time th

33、ey have passed the ships rail at the named port of shipment 在 FOB 項下,賣方必需在商定的日期或期限內(nèi),在指定的裝運港, 依據(jù)該港習慣方式, 將貨物交至買方指定的船只上； 買方必需自貨物在指定的裝運港越過 船舷之刻起承當貨物滅失或損壞的一切風險；EFFFCCCCDDDXCAOFIPIEEDW A S B R F T P S Q P Do the terms of delivery include production costs and profits？Is export packing included Does the quo

34、ted price include transport to Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y docks or airport in home country of export ？Does the exporter pay marine insurance in the contract？Is the exporter responsible for all charges up to final destination ？Does the exporter have to pay charg

35、es of shipping documents？Does the shipper pay ocean freight charges N N N N N Y N Y N N N N N N N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N N N N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y A.c；.d；.a；.c；.c；.c；.d；.b；.d； .c .ab；.abcdf；.abc；.aef B.a；只供學習與溝通此文檔僅供收集于網(wǎng)絡,如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除 Chapter 6 .Sales by SellersBuyers Sample憑賣方樣品買賣憑買方樣品買賣.Re

36、ference Duplicate Sample 基準樣品副樣.Qulity Tolerance 品質(zhì)公差.Counter Sample 對等樣品.More or Less Clauses 溢短裝條款.Neutral Packing 中性包裝.Customs Formality 報關(guān)手續(xù).Inspection Certificate of Quality 質(zhì)量檢驗證書.FDA 食品及藥物治理局.Marking of Goods 標記貨物.毛重 gross weight .理論重量 theoretical weight .凈重 net weight .商定皮重 computed tare .公量

37、 conditioned weight .單位重量 unit weight .含水量 water capacity .習慣皮重 customary tare .法定重量 legal weight .實際皮重 actual tare .從價稅 ad valorem duty .平均皮重 average tare .貨樣不符 goods not equal to the sample .副產(chǎn)品 by-products .國家質(zhì)量監(jiān)督校驗檢疫總局General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the

38、 Peoples Republic of China （B） mineral ore A.sample （C） ordinary garments B.manual （D） fish C.F.A.Q （E） Haier washing machines D.G.M.Q （G） medical apparatus E.famous brand （A） wheat F.specification （H） calligraphic works G.inspection （F） power plant generator H.drawing or diagram .The quality and pr

39、ice of commodities should be taken into consideration in choosing the packing material and package designing. .A topper,matched with the superior-grade packing,speaks itself for its high quality and preciousness. 只供學習與溝通此文檔僅供收集于網(wǎng)絡,如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除.It will extremely increase the cost of the goods to pack

40、the medium-low quality with the high quality material,and therefore,influence its sale. .It will effect its marketing of the goods to doggedly strive for thrift in a way to pack the superior quality with the low quality material. .We should take not only the quality and appearance of the goods into

41、consideration,but also the customerstaste and preference. .We must improve the quality of the export goods so as to strengthen its competitiveness in the international market. Chapter 7油輪 Oil tanker 定程租船 Voyage Charter 滾裝船 Ro Ro vessel 定期租船 Time Charter 載駁輪 LASH（Light Aboard Ship）光船租船 Bare Boat Char

42、ter（BBC）船期表 sailing schedule 租船合同 charter contract 滯期費 demurrage charge 班輪運價表 liner freight rate schedule 速遣費 dispatch money 選卸附加費 optional additional 直航附加費 direct additional 轉(zhuǎn)船附加費 transshipment surcharge 港口擁擠附加費 Port Congestion Surcharge 運輸代理 transpotation agent 包裹 package 拼箱貨 LCL（Less than contain

43、er load）結(jié)匯 settlement 整箱貨 FCL（Full container load）空運單 Air waybill 集裝箱貨運站 container yard 裝運通知 shipping notice 處置權(quán) right of disposal Partial shipment transshipment 分批裝船轉(zhuǎn)運 Bill of lading 提單 Clean B L 清潔提單 Order B L 指示提單 Combined transport B L 聯(lián)合運輸提單 Blank BL 空白提單 Straight BL 記名提單 Through B L 聯(lián)運提單 Liner

44、 BL 班輪提單只供學習與溝通此文檔僅供收集于網(wǎng)絡,如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除Ante-dated B L 倒簽提單 Advanced BL 預借提單 Consignment note 陸運或鐵路運輸通知 Blank endorsement 空白背書 IATA 國際航空運輸協(xié)會 Combined transport documents 多式聯(lián)運單據(jù) FCL LCL 整箱交拆箱接 . delayadvance . acceptedunaccpted . 把“or without ” 去掉 .海運提單上列出了承運人和托運人之間的權(quán)益和義務；.班輪公司通常把航海時間表登載在報紙上或者分發(fā)給托運人；.在多

45、式聯(lián)運提單上,卸貨港應當是提單許可的中轉(zhuǎn)碼頭；.集裝箱收費是多種多樣的； 例如附加費, 總費率的確定是基本費率加上附加費率；.集裝箱的好處在于：本；便利處理貨物,削減盜竊,削減暴露,節(jié)省裝船成.Transport documents which appear on their face to indicate that shipment has been made on the same means of conveyance and for the same journey,provided they indicate the same destination,will not be reg

46、arded as covering partial shipment,even if the transport documents indicate different dates of shipment and or different ports of loading,places of taking in charge,or dispatch. .Clean transport document is one which bears no clause or notation which expressly declares a defective condition of the g

47、oods and or the packaging. .Neither the carrier nor the shipper shall be responsible in any event for loss or damage to,or in connection with,goods if the nature or value thereof has been knowingly misstated by the shipper in the Bill of lading. .Where the performance of the carriage or part thereof

48、 has been entrusted to an actual carrier,whether or not in pursuance of a liberty under the contract of carriage by sea to do so,the carrier nevertheless remains responsible for the entire carriage.The carrier is responsible,in relation to the carriage performed by the actual carrier,for the acts an

49、d omissions of the actual carrier and of his servants and agents acting within the scope of their employment. Chapter 8投保人 insured 共同海損 general average 只供學習與溝通此文檔僅供收集于網(wǎng)絡,如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除投保金額 insured amount 外來風險 extraneous risks 保險單 insurance policy 推定全損 constructive average 海上風險 marine risks 施救費用 salvage

50、 charges 救助費用 sue and labor expenses 意外事故 misfortune 承保人 insurer 單獨海損 particular average 保險費 insurance premium 航空運輸貨物戰(zhàn)爭險air transportation war risk 陸運險 land transportation risks 陸運一切險 land transportation all risks 估損費用 risk estimation charges 航空運輸一切險 air transportation all risks Ocean marine insuran

51、ce 海運保險 War risks 戰(zhàn)爭險 Basic risks coverage 基本險種 Insured amount 投保金額 T.P.N.D 偷盜、失竊、提貨不著險 Taint of ordr 竄味險 Overland transportation insurance 陸上運輸保險 Parcel post insurance 郵寄包裹保險 Free from particular average 平安險 Additional risks coverage 附加險別 Fresh water and or rain damage 淡水雨淋險 With particular average

52、 水漬險 . Special additional coverage such as war risks,strikes and so on must be taken out together with FPA,WPA.（and all risks）. In essence,open policy is （not ） the same as the insurance certificate. . Three（two ） types of risks are covered by ocean marine insurance,namely the perils of sea,the extr

53、aneous risks （去掉 and the force majeure）. . Ocean marine insurance covers two types of losses,partial loss and total loss perils of sea and extraneous risks .Exposed to many risks in the process of transporting and loading and unloading,export goods face the possibility of loss. 只供學習與溝通此文檔僅供收集于網(wǎng)絡,如有侵

54、權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除.Supposed that the goods is put on deck instead of in the cabin where it should be according to the clause stipulated in the insurance contract,insurer has the right to against any possible claims lodged by the insured. .Cabin coverage includes the risk of falling into ocean only,and exclude

55、s the risks of fresh water,rain and soak. .Export credit insurance is a kind of credit insurances. .The insured should deliver the goods to the carrier by the agreed way before the maturity of insurance. .Initial value assurance is settled by the seller normally,whereas increased value assurance is

56、bought by the buyer. .If the insured cannot get the whole or partial payment due to the commercial credit or political risks,the insurer should pay the indemnity. .Marine insurance policy is the part of the Bill of Lading.Insurer is the marine insurance company. .從廣義上來講, 海運保險的可保風險應包括貨物在海上運輸中可能的缺失和損壞

57、；.戰(zhàn)爭條款是保單中的一項條款,用以保因戰(zhàn)爭引起缺失的風險；.保險應包括水漬險、 偷盜失竊及提貨不著險和戰(zhàn)爭險；保險金額為 CIF 價的 110；假如發(fā)生賠付,賠付地為紐約,賠付款以美元計價；.倉至倉保險所承保的風險包括從貨物因運輸目的而離開倉庫起經(jīng)運輸期間以及到達目的地倉庫 （或者到期日前天）為止,這段時間內(nèi)產(chǎn)生的風險；.假如保險人所投保的風險發(fā)生以至產(chǎn)生實際缺失,托運人應當向保險人出示單證以取得賠償；Chapter 9Cost structure 成本構(gòu)成 Cost of production 生產(chǎn)成本 Profit margin 邊際利潤 Selling cost 銷售成本 Target

58、 costing 目標成本法 Everyday low pricing （EDLP） 每日低價 Total fixed cost 總固定成本 Variable cost 變動成本 Skimming price strategy 撇脂定價戰(zhàn)略 Penetration strategy 滲透定價戰(zhàn)略 Floating exchange risk 浮動匯率風險 成本導向定價法 pricing based on cost 盈虧平穩(wěn)定價法 break-even pricing 邊際成本定價法 Marginal cost pricing 損益兩平點 break-even point 計價貨幣 money

59、of account 只供學習與溝通此文檔僅供收集于網(wǎng)絡,如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除支付貨幣 money of payment 硬貨幣 hard currency 軟貨幣 soft currency 匯率 exchange rate 價款調(diào)整 price adjustment 傭金折扣 commission discount Country Currency Britain GBP pound Japan JPY Japanese Yan France FRF French Franc Australia AUP Australian dollar China CNY RMB Yuan Burma

60、 BUK Burmese Kyat Singapore SGD Singapore dollar New Zealand NZD New Zealand dollar Thailand THP Thai Baht Malaysia MYR Malaysian dollar Nepal NPR Nepalese Rupee India INR India Rupee Indonesia IDR Indonesian Rupiah Swiss CHF Swiss Franc Philippines PHP Philippine Peso Italy ITL Italian Lira Chapter