犢牛論文：不同飼喂條件下?tīng)倥Ｎ附馄式M織學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)的比較研究

1、 犢牛論文：不同飼喂條件下?tīng)倥Ｎ附馄式M織學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)的比較研究【中文摘要】本實(shí)驗(yàn)選擇新生的健康荷斯坦公犢牛15頭,每5頭一組,隨機(jī)分為三組:牛奶和犢牛料自由采食,以下簡(jiǎn)稱自由采食組(組);牛奶和犢牛料按比例定量采食,以下簡(jiǎn)稱定量采食組(組);全牛奶飼喂,以下簡(jiǎn)稱全乳飼喂組(組)。飼喂3個(gè)月后,用大體解剖學(xué)和組織學(xué)方法,對(duì)三組犢牛胃的黏膜上皮顏色、黏膜形態(tài)及各胃室的重量大小比例進(jìn)行觀察測(cè)定,并對(duì)各胃室黏膜的組織結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行比較分析,旨在探討三種不同飼喂條件對(duì)犢牛胃解剖組織形態(tài)學(xué)發(fā)育的影響,為哺乳動(dòng)物胃的比較發(fā)育學(xué)研究積累形態(tài)學(xué)資料,為動(dòng)物生理與營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué),動(dòng)物醫(yī)學(xué)等學(xué)科提供有價(jià)值的參考資料。實(shí)驗(yàn)共包括兩個(gè)部分

2、:1.三種不同飼喂條件下?tīng)倥Ｎ附馄市螒B(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的比較研究本研究結(jié)果顯示:自由采食組犢牛胃的前胃黏膜上皮顏色較深,呈現(xiàn)明顯的深褐色或黑色,定量采食組與自由采食組基本相似,只有瓣胃黏膜上皮顏色稍淺,略顯白色,而全乳飼喂組的前胃與皺胃黏膜上皮顏色均為乳白色。自由采食組、定量采食組的犢牛胃黏膜乳頭和黏膜皺褶發(fā)育正常,與成年牛的解剖形態(tài)特征基本一致,全乳飼喂組的前胃黏膜乳頭略顯退化,黏膜皺褶發(fā)育遲緩,但皺胃比前兩組發(fā)達(dá)。自由采食組瘤胃重量最大,定量采食組次之,全乳飼喂組最小,而且前兩組瘤胃重量占犢牛胃總重的比例較大,分別為52.76%和49.78%,達(dá)到總重量的一半左右,而全乳飼喂組為40.42%,占胃總重

3、的相對(duì)比例較小。因此,三組試驗(yàn)中全乳飼喂條件下?tīng)倥５那拔赴l(fā)育受到明顯抑制,而牛奶與犢牛料自由采食或定量采食條件下的犢牛胃形態(tài)發(fā)育基本正常。2.三種不同飼喂條件下?tīng)倥Ｎ附M織形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的比較研究本研究結(jié)果表明:三組犢牛胃瘤胃乳頭的高度和寬度數(shù)據(jù)顯示,自由采食組瘤胃乳頭最高,寬度最大,定量采食組次之,全乳飼喂組最差,但黏膜上皮的角化程度稍有差別:自由采食組和全乳飼喂組前胃的黏膜層比較厚,其黏膜上皮角化程度較高,而定量采食組較差,黏膜上皮的角化層厚度以全乳飼喂組最厚,自由采食組次之,定量采食組最薄。三組犢牛皺胃腺區(qū)腺體細(xì)胞的形態(tài)與數(shù)量在三組間差異不大,胃體和幽門(mén)處體部細(xì)胞主要為主細(xì)胞,頸黏液細(xì)胞較少,無(wú)

4、壁細(xì)胞;胃底腺區(qū)以主細(xì)胞最多,但壁細(xì)胞較大,胞質(zhì)紅染,形態(tài)比較明顯。三組犢牛胃各胃室的肌層厚度以自由采食組最厚,定量采食組次之,全乳飼喂組最薄;但網(wǎng)胃和皺胃幽門(mén)處的肌層厚度為全乳飼喂組最厚,其次為自由采食組,定量采食組最薄。因此,三組試驗(yàn)中自由采食條件下?tīng)倥Ｎ盖拔傅慕M織形態(tài)發(fā)育較好,定量采食條件下?tīng)倥Ｇ拔附M織形態(tài)發(fā)育基本正常,全乳飼喂條件下前胃發(fā)育受到抑制,但三組犢牛皺胃的組織形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)基本一致?！居⑽恼縏he fifteen healthy Holstein male calves were chosen in the study and divided into three groups

5、 randomly. Milk and calf feeding freedom eat, hereinafter referred to as free intake group (group); milk and calf feed intake in proportion to the quantitative, hereinafter referred to as quantitative intake group (group); whole milk feeding, hereinafter referred to as full Milk fed group (group). T

6、hree months feeding experiments were carried out by three different feeding methods. The three groupsgastric mucosa epithelial color, the morphological changes and weight size scale analysis and comparison were observed by using gross anatomy method, and to study the stomach room mucosal morphologic

7、al structure was analyzed. Recently to discuss three different feeding conditions on the stomach tissue morphology development calves, also can affect the stomach for mammals comparative development studies for animals, morphological data accumulated physiological and nutrition, animal medicine, and

8、 other disciplines provide valuable reference material and experimental theory basis. Experiment consists of two parts:1. The study about morphological anatomy of calf stomach on the different feeding conditionsThe result of study show that: The color of fore stomach gastric mucosa epithelial was da

9、rker in freedom feeding group, present dark brown or black, and the limited feeding group basic similar, only gastric mucosal epithelium color of omasum leaflet a little shallow, present slightly white, and the abomasum mucosal surfaces of whole milk feeding group present milky white color is overal

10、l gastric mucosal epithelium, the color didnt be changed. The morphological characteristics of gastric mucosa were basically coincided the literature of the stomach in adult cattle between the freedom feeding group and limited feeding group, the stomach mucosa nipple of whole milk feeding group had

11、been degraded, but the development of abomasum was better than the others. The weight of rumen in freedom feeding group was the largest, then the limited feeding group and whole milk feeding group; The rumen weight ratio of total weight calf stomach was respectively 52.76% and 49.78% in freedom feed

12、ing group and limited feeding group, about half the total weight, and in whole milk feeding group, only for 40.42% ratio, the total weight of the relative proportion stomach smaller. So fore stomach of the whole milk feeding group development was restrained, and morphological development of free fee

13、d and quantitative gather the food group were basically normal.2. The study about morphological structure of calf stomach on the different feeding conditions The results of the study indicate that: The height and width of rumen nipple in the mucosal surfaces calves stomach is tend to heighten based

14、on the whole milk feeding group-limited feeding group-freedom feeding group, but the degree of cornification was slightly different: The cuticle of gastric mucosal epithelium were thicker between in the freedom feeding group and the whole milk feeding group , but the degree of cornification was poor

15、er in limited feeding group, The cuticle of gastric mucosal epithelium in the thickness of the whole milk feeding groups was the most thick, freedom feeding group less, and limited feeding group was the most thin. The glands cell of abomasum gland area had a little differences between each group, th

16、e cells of body were mainly chief cells in gastric body and pylorus, mucous neck cells were less, and no parietal cells; This is the gland areas to chief cells most, but the parietal cells is bigger, the cytoplasmic was dyed red, so the form was more apparent. The muscular layer thickness of freedom

17、 feeding group was the most thick, limited feeding group was lass, the whole milk feeding group was the most thin group (the muscular layer of reticulum and abomasum pylorus for thickness the whole milk feeding groups was the most thick, followed by freedom feeding group, and limited feeding group w

18、as thin) . In the morphological structure of abomasum gastricwall, there was the circular muscle inside and the longitudinal muscle outside, but the oblique muscle was not being seen. So the morphological developments of freedom feeding and limited group were basically normal, fore stomach of the wh

19、ole milk feeding group development was restrained, and the morphological characteristics of abomasum were basically coincided in these three groups.【關(guān)鍵詞詞】犢牛牛 胃 形態(tài) 發(fā)育【英文關(guān)關(guān)鍵詞】callvess sttomaach morrphoologgy ddeveeloppmennt【目錄】不同飼飼喂條件件下?tīng)倥ＥＮ附馄势式M織學(xué)學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)的的比較研研究 摘要要 55-6 Suummaary 6-7 1 文文獻(xiàn)綜述述 88-200 11.1 犢

20、牛胃胃的解剖剖組織結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)特征征 88-111 11.1.1 犢犢牛胃的的解剖結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)特征征 88-9 1.1.22 犢牛牛胃的組組織結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)特征 9-11 1.2 犢犢牛胃的的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)發(fā)育及功功能特點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 111-114 1.22.1 犢牛胃胃的生長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)發(fā)育特特點(diǎn) 11-13 1.2.11.1 犢牛胃胃生長(zhǎng)發(fā)發(fā)育的解解剖學(xué)特特點(diǎn) 11 1.2.11.2 犢牛胃胃生長(zhǎng)發(fā)發(fā)育的組組織學(xué)特特點(diǎn) 11-13 1.2.11.2.1 黏黏膜上皮皮的顏色色變化 122 11.2.1.22.2 黏膜皺皺褶形態(tài)態(tài)變化 122-133 11.2.1.22.3 各胃室室胃壁厚厚度和肌肌層厚度度變化 133 11.2.2 犢犢

21、牛胃的的功能特特點(diǎn) 13-14 1.3 不不同飼喂喂條件對(duì)對(duì)犢牛胃胃生長(zhǎng)發(fā)發(fā)育的影影響 14-19 1.3.11 不同同飼料成成分對(duì)犢犢牛胃生生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育育的影響響 114-119 1.33.1.1 飼飼喂全乳乳對(duì)犢牛牛胃生長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)發(fā)育的的影響 144-155 11.3.1.22 飼喂喂精料對(duì)對(duì)犢牛胃胃生長(zhǎng)發(fā)發(fā)育的影影響 15-16 1.3.11.3 飼喂粗粗飼料對(duì)對(duì)犢牛胃胃生長(zhǎng)發(fā)發(fā)育的影影響 16-17 1.3.11.4 不同比比例混合合飼料對(duì)對(duì)犢牛生生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育育的影響響 117-118 1.33.1.5 其其他飼料料成分對(duì)對(duì)犢牛生生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育育的影響響 118-119 1.33.2 不同飼飼喂方式式對(duì)犢

22、牛牛胃生長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)發(fā)育的的影響 199 11.3.2.11 放牧牧條件下下?tīng)倥Ｎ肝干L(zhǎng)發(fā)發(fā)育的影影響 19 1.3.22.2 圈養(yǎng)條條件下?tīng)贍倥Ｎ干L(zhǎng)發(fā)育育的影響響 119 1.44 小結(jié)結(jié) 119-220 2 研研究背景景 220-221 3 材材料與方方法 21-25 3.1 實(shí)實(shí)驗(yàn)材料料 221-222 3.11.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)動(dòng)物 21 3.1.22 實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)試劑、儀器 211 33.1.3 實(shí)實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備備 221-222 3.22 實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)方法 222-255 33.2.1 分分組與飼飼喂 22-23 3.2.22 樣品品的固定定方法 233 33.2.3 犢犢牛胃的的大體解解剖 23 3.2.4

23、4 組織織切片 233-244 33.2.6 石石蠟切片片與染色色方法 244 33.2.7 圖圖像與數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)分析析方法 244-255 44 結(jié)果果與分析析 225-441 4.11 解剖剖學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)結(jié)果 255-300 44.1.1 犢犢牛各胃胃黏膜上上皮顏色色的比較較觀察 255-266 44.1.2 胃胃黏膜皺皺褶形態(tài)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)特特征的比比較觀察察 226-228 4.11.3 各胃室室大小比比例及重重量的觀觀察與測(cè)測(cè)定 28-29 4.1.44 瘤胃胃乳頭高高度與寬寬度的測(cè)測(cè)定 29-30 4.2 組組織切片片光鏡觀觀察分析析 330-441 4.22.1 犢牛各各胃黏膜膜的組織織學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)的比較較分析 300-355 44.2.1.11 瘤胃胃黏膜面面和瘤胃胃乳頭的的組織形形態(tài)比較較 330-331 4.22.1.2 網(wǎng)網(wǎng)胃初級(jí)級(jí)皺襞的的黏膜組組織形態(tài)態(tài)比較 311-322 44.2.1.33 食管管溝內(nèi)外外兩側(cè)黏黏膜的組組織形態(tài)態(tài)比較 322 44.2.1.4