中考英語(yǔ)真題分類匯編題型3閱讀理解專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練八飲食衛(wèi)生與健康(含解析)

1、2018年中考英語(yǔ)真題分類匯編題型3閱讀理解專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練八飲食、衛(wèi)生與健康(含分析)2018年中考英語(yǔ)真題分類匯編題型3閱讀理解專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練八飲食、衛(wèi)生與健康(含分析)6/62018年中考英語(yǔ)真題分類匯編題型3閱讀理解專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練八飲食、衛(wèi)生與健康(含分析)專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練八飲食、衛(wèi)生與健康時(shí)間：810分鐘/篇分值：2分/小題Passage1(2018天津)Manypeopletraveltodifferentplacesintheworldbyair.Usuallyittakesalongtime,perhapshalfaday,forpassengerstostayintheplane.Soairlines(

2、航空企業(yè))offerpassengersfood.Butitiscommonthattheyfeelbadaboutfoodtaste.Doyouagree?Tosolvethisproblem,airlinestryhardtoimprovetheirfood.Theywouldliketodosobecausetheydontwanttolosecustomers.However,accordingtoscientificresearch,partofthereasonwhyplanefoodtastesbadisthatathighaltitude(海拔)wecannottastethi

3、ngsaswellaswedoontheground.Alsoscientistshavefoundthatournosesbecomeverydryevenbeforeaplanetakesoff.Astheplanemovesup,thechangeinairpressure(氣壓)reducesonethirdofthesensibility(感覺(jué))ofourtastebuds(味蕾).Soourtastebudsbecomesenseless.Thesadfact,however,isthatournosesdontknowit.Allofthesehelpexplainwhyfood

4、ontheplanetastessobad.Theyalsohelpexplainwhyairlineschoosetoofferpassengerssaltyandspicy(辛辣的)food.Withoutdoingso,thefoodwouldbetasteless.Nowtherearemanyresearchesonthis.Accordingtooneofthem,somevolunteersareaskedtoliewiththeirfeethigherthantheirheadsforweeks.Andscientistswritedowntheirfeelingsaboutf

5、oodtaste.Thoughscientiststrytheirbest,itisnotaseasyastheythought.Becausetheycantdealwiththespecialenvironmentsuccessfully,suchasthechangeinairpressure,makingfoodtastegoodisstillhardforthem.()1.InParagraph2,“thisproblem”means_A.passengersstaylongintheplaneB.foodontheplanetastesbadC.passengershavenofo

6、odtoeatD.foodontheplaneisexpensive()2.Whatdoairlinesdotosolvethisproblem?A.Getmorecustomers.B.Offermorefood.C.Improvetheirfood.D.Reducetheticketprice.()3.Astheplanemovesup,thechangeinairpressurereduces_ofthesensibilityofourtastebuds.A.halfB.onethirdC.onefourthD.onefifth()4.Whydoscientistsfeelithardt

7、omakefoodontheplanetastegood?A.Thevolunteersdontknowaboutfoodtaste.B.Thevolunteersdontunderstandthem.C.Theycantfindenoughvolunteers.D.Theycantdealwiththespecialenvironmentsuccessfully.()5.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.TasteofAirplaneFoodB.AirplaneTravelC.ScientificResearchonNosesD.TheChangeinAirP

8、ressurePassage2(2018東營(yíng))Itseemsthatschoolchildrenallovertheworldcomplain(訴苦)abouttheirschoolfood.Whatdostudentsofyourageeatforlunchatschoolinothercountries?JapanHighschoolshavediningrooms.Theyserveeverythingfromnoodlestorice,butnotburgersandchips.Otherchildrenbringfoodfromhome,suchascoldriceballs,mea

9、torfish,pickles(泡菜)andvegetables.Twiceayearparentsareinvitedtohaveatasteofthefood.UnitedStatesAtypicalmenufromaUSschoolismadeupofahamburgerwithfriedpotatoesorroastchicken,lettuceandpickles,fruitandcookies.Schoollunchesmustalsoprovideatleastonethirdofthedailyamount(總量)ofnecessarynutrition(營(yíng)養(yǎng))，suchas,

10、vitaminA,vitaminCandcalcium(鈣)AustraliaMeatpies,sausagerolls(臘腸卷)andhotdogsarealltraditionaldishesinAustralianschoolshops.Butasthecountrypaysmoreattentiontochildrenshealth,healthierfoodshavestartedtoappearonschoolmenus.Manyschoolshaveusedatrafficlightsystem.Thesaleofredlabeled(標(biāo)注)foods,includingcook

11、ies,chocolateandsoftdrinks,isservedonlytwiceaweek.Healthiergreenlabeledfoodssuchassushi,sandwiches,cornandwatermelons,however,areavailableeveryday.SouthAfricaMostofSouthAfricanschoolsdonotservemealsatall.Classesendat1：30pm.andstudentsgettheirownlunches.Manystudentsbringfoodfromhome,usuallysandwiches

12、.Fastfoodandfriedfoodsellthebestamongstudents.Asaresult,ithascausedariseinobesity(肥胖)amongchildren.Butasmorepeoplebegantorealizethatbeingtoofatmaycausedifferentkindsofseriousillnesses,someschoolsintownshaveledthewaytowardsbetternutrition.Nowstudentsattheseschoolsareofferedlunchesofporridgewithvegeta

13、bles,suchascabbage,onions,beans,carrotsandtomatoes.()1.HighschoolsinJapanserve_A.noodlesandriceB.burgersandriceballsC.chipsandvegetablesD.fishandroastchicken()2.Fromthepassage,weknowthetypicalmenufromaUSschoolis_A.deliciousB.quitehealthyC.notveryhealthyD.popularinSouthAfrica()3.Whicharetraditionaldi

14、shesinAustralia?A.Meatpiesandhotdogs.B.Chocolateandsoftdrinks.C.Cookiesandsushi.D.Sandwichesandcorn.()4.InSouthAfrica，_A.moststudentshavesandwichesandvegetablesforlunchB.studentslikefastfoodandfriedfoodverymuchC.moreandmorestudentsbecomeillD.studentsrealizedthatfastfoodandfriedfoodwerebadfortheirhea

15、lth()5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUE?A.ParentsinJapanareinvitedtotastethefoodtwiceayear.B.IntheUnitedStates,schoollunchesmustprovideatleastonethirdofthedailyamountofnecessarynutrition.C.InAustralia,manyschoolshaveusedatrafficlightsystem.D.InSouthAfrica,schoolsdontservemeals.Passage3(2018長(zhǎng)沙)Whyisclean

16、watersoimportanttodevelopingcountries?Arecentreportshowsthatabout80percentofdiseasesindevelopingcountriesarecausedbypoorwaterandlowsanitation(衛(wèi)生)conditions.Inthosecountries,womenandgirlsspendseveralhourscollectingwater,butoftenpolluted,farawayfromtheirfamilies.Thepollutedwatermoreorlessinfluencesthe

17、irhealth.Inthiscase,thereisanurgent(急迫的)needforpeopleindevelopingcountriestohaveaccessto(有時(shí)機(jī)或權(quán)益使用)cleanwatertoimprovetheirhealth.HereisashortstoryaboutHadjaraZakari,a12-year-oldgirlinNiger.Havingaccesstocleanwaterchangedherlife.Shelearnedabouttheimportanceofhand-washingwhentheschoolfirstreceivedclea

18、nwaterthreeyearsago.Thatevening,shetoldherfather,“Youshouldnteatwithmeunlessyoucleanyourhands.”Herfatherwasveryangryandshoutedather,“Itsnotuptoyoutotellmewhattodo！”Stunned(呆若木雞的),Hadjarasatinsilence.Butsheknewshewasright.Inprotest,_Hadjararefusedtoeatdinnerthatnight.AfterherfatherquestionedHadjarash

19、eadteacher,heunderstoodtheimportanceofhand-washingandhisdaughtersintentions(目的).Thegirlreallywantedherfamilytolivelongerandhealthierlives.Forpeopleindevelopingcountries,cleanwatercanchangemanythings,especiallyimprovetheirhealth.So,fromnowon,letsavoidwastingwaterandtakeactiontosavewater,whichisimport

20、anttopeopleallovertheworld.()1.Accordingtotherecentreport,poorwaterandlowsanitationconditionscancause_A.trafficproblemsB.forestfiresC.manyillnesses()2.Thekeytoimprovingpeopleshealthindevelopingcountriesis_inParagraph1.A.togetcleanwaterB.toexerciseoftenC.torefusedrugs()3.Whatcanweinfer(推測(cè))fromParagra

21、ph2?A.Hadjaralaughedatherfathersfoolishness.B.Hadjararefusedtoeatdinnerthatnightinordertoloseweight.C.Hadjarasfatherunderstoodhisdaughtersloveandcareforhimlater.()4.Theunderlinedword“protest”inthispassagemeans_A.抗議B.保護(hù)C.節(jié)儉()5.Thepurposeofthewriteristo_A.teachpeoplehowtowashhandsB.callonpeopleallover

22、theworldtosavewaterC.showdevelopingcountriesrichincleanwater專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練八飲食、衛(wèi)生與健康Passage1【要旨粗心】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，文章敘述了為何我們會(huì)感覺(jué)飛機(jī)上的食品不好吃的原由。B【分析】詞義猜想題。題干意為：在第二段中“thisproblem”指的是。依據(jù)第一段的最后兩句“Butitiscommonthattheyfeelbadaboutfoodtaste.Doyouagree?”可知答案。應(yīng)選B。C【分析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：航空企業(yè)是怎樣解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的？依據(jù)文中第二段第一句“Tosolvethisproblem,airli

23、nestryhardtoimprovetheirfood.”可知選C。B【分析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：跟著飛機(jī)的上漲，氣壓的改變降低我們味蕾敏感度的。依據(jù)文中第三段第三句“Astheplanemovesup,thechangeinairpressure(氣壓)reducesonethirdofthesensibility(感覺(jué))ofourtastebuds(味蕾)”可知選B。D【分析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：為何科學(xué)家以為把飛機(jī)上的食品滋味變好很困難？依據(jù)文中最后一段最后一句“Becausetheycantdealwiththespecialenvironmentsuccessfully,suc

24、hasthechangeinairpressure,makingfoodtastegoodisstillhardforthem.”可知選D。5.A【分析】標(biāo)題概括題。題干意為：文章最好的標(biāo)題是什么？A項(xiàng)：飛機(jī)上食品的滋味；項(xiàng)：飛機(jī)旅游；C項(xiàng)：對(duì)于鼻子的科學(xué)研究；D項(xiàng)：飛機(jī)氣壓的變化。通讀本文可知主要講述的是飛機(jī)上食品的滋味，應(yīng)選A。BPassage2【要旨粗心】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。介紹了日本、美國(guó)、澳大利亞、南非四個(gè)國(guó)家的學(xué)生在學(xué)校的午餐狀況。A【分析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：日本中學(xué)會(huì)供給。依據(jù)文章第二段第二句“Theyserveeverythingfromnoodlestorice.”可知日本

25、學(xué)校的食堂供給面條和米飯。應(yīng)選A。C【分析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：從短文中，我們知道美國(guó)學(xué)校傳統(tǒng)的菜單是。依據(jù)文章第三段第一句“AtypicalmenufromaUSschoolismadeupofahamburgerwithfriedpotatoesorroastchicken.”可知傳統(tǒng)的美國(guó)校餐主要包含漢堡、炸薯?xiàng)l和烤雞，這些都是不健康的食品。應(yīng)選C。A【分析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：哪些是澳大利亞的傳統(tǒng)菜肴？依據(jù)文章第四段第一句的“Meatpies,sausagerolls(臘腸卷)andhotdogsarealltraditionaldishesinAustralianschoolsh

26、ops.”可知肉餡餅和熱狗是澳大利亞的傳統(tǒng)菜肴。應(yīng)選A。4.B【分析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：在南非，。依據(jù)文章最后一段第一句“Fastfoodandfriedfoodsellthebestamongstudents.”可知學(xué)生都喜高興餐和油炸食品。應(yīng)選B。5.D【分析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：以下哪項(xiàng)是不正確的？依據(jù)第二段最后一句“Twiceayearparentsareinvitedtohaveatasteofthefood.”可知A項(xiàng)正確；依據(jù)第三段最后一句的“Schoollunchesmustalsoprovideatleastonethirdofthedailyamount(總量)ofnecessarynutrition(營(yíng)養(yǎng)).”可知B項(xiàng)正確；依據(jù)第四段第三句“Manyschoolshaveusedatrafficlightsystem.”可知C項(xiàng)正確；依據(jù)文章的最后一句“Nowstudentsattheseschoolsareofferedlunches.”可知此刻南非的這些學(xué)校已經(jīng)供給午餐，所以D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。應(yīng)選D。Passage3【要旨粗心】本文是