2021屆上海市普陀區(qū)高三英語二模概要寫作指導學案

1、2021普陀二模 Does Kilimanjaro Still Have Its Beauty?乞力馬扎羅山現(xiàn)在仍然美麗嗎？Kilimanjaro is a watershed (分水嶺) between Tanzania and Kenya. It is a volcano and a snowy mountain.Surrounded by mountain forests, Kilimanjaro is home to numerous mammals, some of which are endangered. Kilimanjaro was established as a nati

2、onal park in 1968and was added to the World Heritage List in 1981. In the Tanzanians mind, Kilimanjaro is not just a bright mountain, and it is also an interesting mountain. Kilimanjaro is a world-famous tourist resort with the worlds explorers and mountain enthusiasts gathering there.乞力馬扎羅山是坦桑尼亞和肯尼

3、亞之間的分水嶺。 它是一座火山和一座雪山。乞力馬扎羅山周圍環(huán)繞著山林，是眾多哺乳動物的家園，其中一些瀕臨滅絕。 乞力馬扎羅山于 1968 年作為國家公園建立，1981 年被列入世界遺產名錄。在坦桑尼亞人的心目中，乞力馬扎羅山不僅是一座明亮的山峰，也是一座有趣的山峰。 乞力馬扎羅山是世界著名的旅游勝地，世界探險家和山地愛好者云集于此。 Every year about 40.000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They bring with them lots of waste. The

4、 crowds might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers are disappearing, changing the face of Kilimanjaro. Hearing these stories, Im wondering about the placeother destinations arc described as purer natural experiences.每年約有 40,000 人嘗試攀登非洲最高的山峰乞力馬扎羅山。 他們帶來了很多廢物。 擁擠的人群可能會破壞這個地方的美感。 冰川正在消失，改變了乞力馬扎

5、羅山的面貌。 聽到這些故事，我想知道這個地方 - 其他目的地被描述為更純粹的自然體驗。 However, I soon discover that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of camps among tons of rubbish. T find a clean mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are significant but the efforts made by the

6、 Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be paying off.然而，我很快發(fā)現(xiàn)，自從關于成噸垃圾中的營地令人不安的報道以來，情況已經發(fā)生了很大變化。 找到一座干凈的山，在營地和小路上都有廁所。 環(huán)境挑戰(zhàn)是巨大的，但坦桑尼亞國家公園管理局所做的努力似乎正在取得成效。 The best of a Kilimanjaro experience, in my opinion, isnt reaching the top. Mountains are regarded as spiritual places by many cultures. This

7、view is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as climbers go through five ecosystems in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends suddenly at 3, 000 meters, giving way to lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather changes low clouds envelope the mountainsides covered

8、with thick grass. I count twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4, 000 meters is the highland desert: gravel (礫石) , stones and rocks. Finally, you climb into an arctic-like zone with permanent snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.在我看來，乞力馬扎羅山的最佳體驗并不是登頂。 山被許多文化視為精神之地。 這種觀點在乞力馬扎羅山尤為

9、明顯，因為登山者在幾公里的空間內穿越了五個生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。 基地是熱帶雨林。 它突然在 3, 000 米處結束，讓位于低矮植物的土地。 再往上，天氣發(fā)生了變化低云籠罩著覆蓋著厚草的山腰。 我從我站立的地方數(shù)出十二道綠色。 4、000米以上為高原沙漠：礫石、石頭和巖石。 最后，您會爬上一個類似北極的區(qū)域，那里有永久的積雪和可能很快就會消失的冰川。 Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace? I found the

10、 opposite to be true.乞力馬扎羅山名副其實，人山人海，游客絡繹不絕，破壞了和平的氣氛？ 我發(fā)現(xiàn)事實正好相反。 【參考答案】 Kilimanjaro,the highest mountain in Africa, is a world-famous tourist attraction. The beauty of Kilimanjaro is believed to have been spoiled by pollution because explorers and climbers throughout the world gather there every yea

11、r. But later Kilimanjaro is found to own good ecological environments with the efforts of the park administrators. So, Kilimanjaro doesnt deserve that kind of bad reputation. (60 words) 乞力馬扎羅山是非洲最高的山峰，是世界著名的旅游勝地。 人們認為乞力馬扎羅山的美麗被污染破壞了，因為世界各地的探險家和登山者每年都聚集在那里。 但后來在公園管理者的努力下，發(fā)現(xiàn)乞力馬扎羅山擁有良好的生態(tài)環(huán)境。 所以，乞力馬扎羅山不

12、應該有那種壞名聲。 (60 字) 概要寫作的寫作步驟第一步：閱讀A. 認真閱讀給定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解，就多讀兩遍。閱讀次數(shù)越多，你對原文的理解就越深刻。B.該決定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了。對重要部分的主要觀點進行概括。C. 簡要地記下主要觀點主題、標題、細節(jié)等你認為對概括摘要重要的東西。第二步：動手寫作A. 摘要應盡量用自己的話完成。不要直接引用原文的句子。B. 應該遵循原文的邏輯順序。這樣你就不必重新組織觀點、事實。C. 摘要必須全面、清晰地表明原文所載的信息，以便你的讀者不需翻閱原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。D. 寫摘要時可以采用下列幾種小技巧：1) 刪除細節(jié)。只保留

13、主要觀點。2) 選擇一至兩個例子。原文中可能包括5個或更多的例子，你只需從中篩選一至二個例子。3) 把長段的描述變成短小、簡單的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十個句子，那么你只要把它們變成一兩句即可。4) 避免重復。在原文中，為了強調某個主題，可能會重復論證說明。但是這在摘要中是不能使用的。應該刪除那些突出強調的重述句。5) 壓縮長的句子。如下列兩例：“His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.”可以概括為：”He was very brave in battle.”“He was hard u

14、p for money and was being pressed by his creditor.”可以概括為：”He was in financial difficulties.”6) 還可以使用詞組代替整句或者從句。請看下面的例子：Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these moun

15、tains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.”可以概括為：Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better t

16、ransportation services.”7) 使用概括性的名詞代替具體的詞，比如：“She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation.”可以概括為：”She brought home a lot of books to read during the vocation.”8）使用最短的連接詞。比如，可以使用

17、but, then, thus, yet, though，不能使用at the same time, in the first place, because of these, on the other hand等較長的連接詞。通常，使用分號就能夠達成使用連接詞的效果。9) 文章中的第一人稱說的話通常在摘要中轉換成第三人稱，從而把大段的對白簡化，比如：Kate looked at Paul disapprovingly: You use much too much salt on your food, Paul its not good for you!” Paul put down his

18、knife and frowned: “Why on earth not! If you didnt have salt on your food it would taste awful like eating cardboard or sand just imagine bread without salt in it, or potatoes or pasta cooked without salt!” Kate was patient. She didnt want to quarrel with Paul. She wanted to persuade him. She said firmly: But too much salt is bad for you. It causes high blood pressure and later on, heart-attacks. It also disguises the taste of food, the real tastes which are much more subtle than salt, and which we have lost the sensitivity to appreciate any more.”可以用第三人稱概括為：Kate suggest