創(chuàng)新設計XXXX-XXXX學年高中英語配套課件：選修7Uni

1、Unit 2 Robots Period 3Grammar & Writing 課件（人教版選修7，重慶專用）動詞不定式的被動形式概述語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，它表示主語和謂語的關系。語態(tài)有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。如果主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，或者是說動作是由主語完成的，要用主動語態(tài)；如果主語是動作的承受者，或者是說動作不是由主語而是由其他人完成的，則用被動語態(tài)。一、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成是：助動詞be動詞過去分詞。被動句的時態(tài)通過助動詞be的變化來體現(xiàn)，它必須與主語的人稱和數(shù)一致，其變化規(guī)則與連系動詞be完全一樣。二、各時態(tài)的主、被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成表A note was passed up to the spea

2、ker. 有人給講演者遞上來一張紙條。 A power station has been set up in their hometown.他們的家鄉(xiāng)建立了一座發(fā)電站。 My shoes had been cleaned by somebody.有人已把我的鞋子擦了。 My second boy will be sent to school next September.明年九月我將送我次子去讀書。 I never thought that the information would be brought to me so early.我決沒想到他那么早就會把資料帶給我。The main bu

3、ilding of the Northeast Engineering Institute is being repaired by the workers.工人們正在維修東北工學院主樓。 三、不定式被動形式的構(gòu)成及用法Nobody likes to be laughed at.沒有人喜歡被人嘲笑。She was glad to have been given so much help. 得到如此多的幫助，她很高興。作主語Its a pity to be kept in the house in such fine weather. 在這樣的好天氣里被關在家里真是遺憾。作謂語The lette

4、r is to be sent by airmail.這封信要空郵。作賓語The boy asked to be given an opportunity to try again.那男孩要求給他再試一次的機會。123作表語Her dream is to be sent to study abroad.她的夢想是被派往國外留學。作賓語補足語或主語補足語The captain ordered the flag to be hoisted.船長命令升旗。The book is said to have been translated into French.據(jù)說這本書已被譯成了法語。45作定語Th

5、ere were plans to be made at once.要立即制訂計劃。He was the last one to be asked to speak at the meeting.他是最后一個在會上被邀請發(fā)言的人。作狀語His mother left the small village，never to be seen again.他母親離開了那個小山村，再也沒人見過她。Id like my bedroom to be cleaned.我想整理一下我的臥室。67四、不定式的主動表被動用法1動詞不定式在名詞后面作定語，不定式和名詞之間有動賓關系時，又和句中另一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關

6、系， 不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。 He has a family to support.(to support與family是動賓關系，與he是主謂關系。) 他要維持一個家庭?！緶剀疤崾尽咳艟渥拥闹髡Z不是不定式的邏輯主語時，不定式必須用被動式Ill go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? (不定式的被動語態(tài)作定語，you不是post動作的執(zhí)行者。)我要去郵局，你有信要寄嗎？2在某些“形容詞不定式”做表語或賓語補足語的結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語或賓語又是動詞不定式的邏輯賓語時，這時常用不定式的主動形式表達被動意義。這些形容詞

7、有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。 That question is difficult to answer. 那個問題不容易回答。3在too. to.結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式前面可加邏輯主語，所以應用主動形式表示被動意義。 This book is too expensive (for me) to buy. 這本書太貴了我買不起。4. 在there be.句型中，當動詞不定式修飾名詞作定語時，不定式用主動式作定語，重點在人，用被動形式作定語，重點在物。 There is no time t

8、o lose/to be lost.(用 to lose可看成for us to lose；用to be lost，誰 lost time不明確。) 沒有可以失去的時間了。5. 在be to do結(jié)構(gòu)中的一些不定式通常應用主動表被動， 被動表主動。然而，由于古英語的影響，下列動詞rent，blame，let等仍用不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。 Who is to blame for starting the fire? 這場火災應由誰負責？ The house is to let.此房出租。 A lot remains to do.還剩下許多事情要做。【感悟高考】1George returne

9、d after the war，only_that his wife had left him.(2012山東，26)Ato be toldBtellingCbeing toldDtold解析句意：喬治戰(zhàn)后返家，結(jié)果被告知他的妻子已經(jīng)離開了他。本題考查非謂語動詞作狀語。由題干中的only可知要用不定式構(gòu)成結(jié)果狀語，故選A。答案A2Weve had a good start，but next，more work needs_to achieve the final success.(2012湖南，21)Abeing doneBdoCto be doneDto do解析句意：我們已經(jīng)有了一個很好的

10、開始，但是為了取得最后的成功，接下來會有更多的工作需要做。考查非謂語動詞。more work與do之間為邏輯上的被動關系，動詞need后加不定式的被動式(to be done)或動名詞的主動式(doing)表示被動。故答案為C項。答案C3Its important for the figures_regularly.(2011北京，25)Ato be updatedBto have been updatedCto updateDto have updated解析考查不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。 句意：定時更新這些數(shù)據(jù)是很重要的。figures與update為動賓關系，故用被動結(jié)構(gòu)，排除選項C和D。定期

11、(regularly)更新，為一般性動作，而不是先于某個動作或時間發(fā)生，故不用不定式的完成時，排除B，故答案為A項。答案A用所給動詞的適當形式填空My uncle，Sam，_(make) manager of the firm.I _(invite) to visit their country before long.A friend of mine returned to his house after a holiday，only to find it _ (break into)Have you handed in your schoolwork yet? Yes，I have. I

12、guess it _(grade)now.Are there any more letters_(post)?to be postedhas just been madeshall be invitedhad been broken intois being graded【單項填空】Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the children, but it remains _whether they will enjoy it. Ato see Bto be seen Cseen Dseeing 解析 it與see之間為被動關系，It rem

13、ains to be done.意為“有待于”。 答案BAre you going to attend the important meeting _ next Monday? No，unless invited to. Ato hold Bto be held Cheld Dbeing held 解析不定式作后置定語表示將來的動作，若與被修飾詞存在邏輯上的被動關系時，用其被動式作后置定語。句意：你要去參加將于下星期一舉行的這個重要會議嗎？不去，除非被邀請。過去分詞作定語表示動作已經(jīng)完成；動詞ing形式作定語表示動作正在進行。 答案BYou may read any magazine you

14、like in the library，but you_it out. Adont allow to take Bare not allowed to take Cdont allow to be taken Dare allowed not to take 解析allow sb to do sth意為“允許某人做某事”，其被動結(jié)構(gòu)為sb be allowed to do sth。要對其進行否定時，對動詞allow進行否定，而不是對其后的不定式，故用be not allowed to do sth的形式。句意：你可以在圖書館讀你想讀的任何雜志，但不允許你將其帶出。 答案BJennifer is

15、 often _ practising speaking Chinese in the park in the morning. No wonder she can speak Chinese so fluently. Ato see Bseen Cseeing Dbeing seen 解析句中有時間狀語often，用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)，符合題意。句意：經(jīng)?？吹秸材岣ピ绯吭诠珗@里練習說漢語。難怪她漢語講得那么好。 答案BThere were many talented singers out there just waiting _. Ato discover Bto be discover

16、ed Cdiscovered Dbeing discovered 解析考查非謂語動詞。句意：外面有許多有天賦的歌手等著被發(fā)現(xiàn)。to be discovered為動詞不定式作目的狀語，discover與actors之間為被動關系，故B項正確。 答案B 記敘文(寫人敘事類)【寫作任務】寫一篇介紹張紅情況的記敘文?！緦懽鲀?nèi)容】青島某旅游區(qū)一家外資飯店要招聘一位懂英語的大堂副經(jīng)理，以下是張紅的一份登記表。請用英語寫一篇介紹張紅情況的短文。Name：Zhang HongSex：femaleDate of birth：04/07/1980Birthplace：QingdaoOccupation：Teach

17、erHeight：1.72Education: Graduated from Qingdao Teachers College in 1999Interests：Singing and dancing business，managementAspiration: Business Mastery of English：Having learned English for eight years. Be good at listening and reading【寫作要求】詞數(shù)：80120【寫作分析】第一步：認真審題 一審體裁：本次寫作要求寫一篇記敘文。記敘文的寫作一般要求學生根據(jù)提供的情景，組

18、織語言材料，編寫成文。二審格式： 一般說來，記敘文有時間、地點、人物、事件、原因和結(jié)果六要素，寫作時要明白、清楚地給予表達。寫人時，要注意介紹人物的身世、經(jīng)歷和事跡等；敘事時，要寫清事情發(fā)生與發(fā)展的過程以及事情發(fā)生的前因后果等。三審結(jié)構(gòu)： 確定寫作中心。根據(jù)這個中心，思考能夠擴展的材料有哪些，要避免寫那些與中心內(nèi)容無關的細節(jié)。圍繞中心，列出寫作提綱。提綱一定要包含所提供的情景要點，同時要盡量使用自己熟悉的詞語與句型將其擴展成篇。記敘文的寫作需注意以下幾個方面的問題：1人稱： 第一人稱或第三人稱來敘述。2內(nèi)容： 一篇記敘文應注意交代清楚事情的始末及細節(jié)，即何時、何地、何事、何人及何因(when，

19、where，what，who and why/how)，做到有條有理，使讀者易于明白。多采用一般過去時。 3方法：在敘述時，可以時間、地點、事件發(fā)展的過程、事物的象征意義、人物的思想行為及認知的過程等為線索來展開。 第二步：提煉要點1be born on2graduate from3be good at4get along very well with5be interested in6devote . to .第三步：擴點成句1She was born on July 4, 1980 in Qingdao, and graduated from Qingdao Teachers Colleg

20、e in July 1999.2Zhang Hong is good at listening and spoken English.3She can get along very well with others.4She is interested in singing and dancing.5She wants very much to devote her life to business management.【參考范文】 Zhang Hong, female, is a twentyyearold teacher of a middle school. She was born

21、on July 4, 1980 in Qingdao, and graduated from Qingdao Teachers College in July 1999. She has learned English for eight years. Zhang Hong is good at listening and spoken English. She can get along very well with others. She is 1.72 metres tall. She is interested in singing and dancing, and she wants very much to devote her life to business management.【亮點展示】本文脈絡非常清晰。該篇范文分為三部分：先介紹張紅的姓名、性別、職業(yè)和年齡；然后介紹她的特長，并且列舉出一些事例，使得內(nèi)容很充實；最后表達了張紅對這一工作的渴望和以后的決心。本文在語言運用上也有諸多亮點。文章中不但較多的使用了并列句，還運用