土力學(xué)(河海大學(xué)第二版)所有章節(jié)答案

1、土力學(xué)(河海大學(xué)第二版)全部章節(jié)圓滿答案(精)土力學(xué)(河海大學(xué)第二版)全部章節(jié)圓滿答案(精)28/28土力學(xué)(河海大學(xué)第二版)全部章節(jié)圓滿答案(精)土力學(xué)(河海大學(xué)第二版全部章節(jié)圓滿答案第一章土的物理性質(zhì)指標(biāo)與工程分類1-1解:(1A試樣100.083dmm=300.317dmm=600.928dmm=60100.92811.180.083udCd=22cdCdd=?(1B試樣100.0015dmm=300.003dmm=600.0066dmm=60100.00664.40.0015udCd=22cdCdd=?1-3解:31.601.51/110.06dgcm=+1110.791.51sswd

2、dGe?=-=-=-=0.7929.3%2.70satseG=1.60100smVmg?=+(29.3%6%150.935.2wsmmg?=?=-1-5解:(131.771.61/110.098dgcmw=+1110.681.61sswddGe?=-=-=-=(200.6825.2%2.7satseG=reeDee-=-1/32/3rD所,以C土屬于級(jí)配不良礫(GP。第2章土體壓力計(jì)算2-1以以下圖為某地基剖面圖,各土層的重度及地下水位如圖,求土的自重應(yīng)力和靜孔隙水應(yīng)力。33333解:各層面點(diǎn)自重應(yīng)力計(jì)算以下:O點(diǎn):kPacz0=點(diǎn):kPahcz0.3725.1811=?=點(diǎn):kPahhcz0

3、.5511825.182211=?+?=+=點(diǎn):kPahhhcz0.6511011825.18332211=?+?+?=+=點(diǎn):kPaDhhhhcz0.923911011825.1844332211=?+?+?+?=+=點(diǎn):EkPa各層面點(diǎn)的靜孔隙水應(yīng)力以下:O、A、B點(diǎn)為0;E點(diǎn):kPahww60231(10=+?=畫圖以下:2-3甲乙兩個(gè)基礎(chǔ),它們的尺寸和相對(duì)地點(diǎn)及每個(gè)基底下的基底凈壓力如圖所示,求甲基礎(chǔ)O點(diǎn)下2m處的豎向附帶應(yīng)力。解:甲基礎(chǔ)O點(diǎn)下2m處的豎向附帶應(yīng)力由基礎(chǔ)甲、乙共同惹起,計(jì)算中先分別計(jì)算甲、乙基礎(chǔ)在該點(diǎn)惹起的豎向附帶應(yīng)力,此后疊加。(1甲基礎(chǔ)在O點(diǎn)下2m處惹起的豎向附帶應(yīng)

4、力:因?yàn)镺點(diǎn)位于基礎(chǔ)中心,荷載為梯形荷載,在O點(diǎn)的豎向附帶應(yīng)力和梯形荷載均勻得的均布荷載相等,即可取pn=(100+200/2=150kPa由圖可知:l=1m,b=1m,z=2m故:l/b=1.0,z/b=2.0查表2-2的附帶應(yīng)力系數(shù)為:Ks=0.0840因此,基礎(chǔ)甲在O點(diǎn)以下2m處惹起的豎向附帶應(yīng)力為:kPapKnscz4.501500840.0441=?=(2乙基礎(chǔ)在O點(diǎn)下2m處惹起的豎向附帶應(yīng)力:(3O點(diǎn)下2m處惹起的豎向附帶應(yīng)力:kPazzz78.5138.14.5021=+=+=2-4解:(1kPahniiiczM861104191=?+?=kPahniiiczN5.11135.8

5、1104191=?+?+?=(2求偏愛距:5.383.3?-?=?hvvFFxFmFFFFFxvhvhv605.25.3100035083.35.383.35.383.3=?-=?-=?-?=因此,偏愛距mbmxbe0.16395.0605.2262=-=-=求基底壓力:kPabebFppv?=?=?=?8.1005.2326395.0616100061minmax求基底凈壓力:kPadpp5.1942195.2320maxmax?=-=-=kPadpp622198.1000minmin=?-=-=求附帶應(yīng)力:kPappn8.62min=;kPapppt7.1318.625.194minmax

6、=-=-=第3章土的浸透性3-1已知:A=120cm2,H=50cm,L=30cm,t=10S,Q=150cm3,求k。解:scmLHAtQivk/075.0305010120150=?=?=3-5已知:3/6.17mkN=砂,3/6.19mkNsat砂=,3/6.20mkNsat粘=地,下水位以上砂土層厚h1=1.5m,地下水位以下砂土層厚h2=1.5m,黏土層厚h3=3.0m。解:由圖可知,黏土層頂面測(cè)壓管水位為mh5.435.11=+=(以黏土層底面作為高程計(jì)算零點(diǎn);黏土層底面測(cè)壓管水位為mh0.935.15.132=+=(1黏土層應(yīng)力計(jì)算:黏土層頂面應(yīng)力:總應(yīng)力:kPahhsat8.5

7、55.16.195.16.17211=?+?=+=砂砂孔隙水應(yīng)力:kPahhuw0.1535.4(10(311=?-=-=有效應(yīng)力:kPau8.400.158.55111=-=-=黏土層底面應(yīng)力:總應(yīng)力:kPahhhsatsat6.11736.205.16.195.16.173212=?+?+?=+=粘砂砂孔隙水應(yīng)力:kPahuw0.900.91022=?=有效應(yīng)力:kPau6.270.906.117222=-=-=(2要使黏土層發(fā)生流土,則黏土層底面的有效應(yīng)力應(yīng)為零,即kPau0222=-=kPau117.622=因此,黏土層底面的測(cè)壓管水頭高度應(yīng)為,uhw76.1122=則,黏土層底面的承

8、壓水頭應(yīng)超出地面為11.76-6.0=5.76m。第4章土的壓縮與固結(jié)4-1解:(1由l/b=18/6=3.01。(3求各分層點(diǎn)的自重應(yīng)力(詳見表1(4求各分層點(diǎn)的豎向附帶應(yīng)力(詳見表1由表1可知,在第4計(jì)算點(diǎn)處2.014.0/=czz所,以取壓縮層厚度為10.5m。(6計(jì)算各分層的均勻自重應(yīng)力和均勻附帶應(yīng)力(詳見表2。(7由圖4-29依據(jù)cziip和=1zicziip分別+=2查取初始孔隙比e1i和壓縮堅(jiān)固后的孔隙比e2i(結(jié)果見表2。cmHeeeSiiiii63.393000237.00292.00460.0(96.9300771.01729.0771.0814.01761.0814.08

9、71.01785.0871.0150928.01800.0928.0141121=?+=?+-+?+-+-+?+-=+-=4-4解:(1cmpHeSv16600222897.0124000.011=?+?+=?+=(2已知cmSt12=,最后沉降量cmS37.16=,則固結(jié)度為037.1612=SSUt黏土層的附帶應(yīng)力系數(shù)為梯形散布,其參數(shù)96.0228220=z由U及值,從圖4-26查得時(shí)間因數(shù)Tv=0.48,黏土層的固結(jié)系數(shù)為(acmekCwvv/1064.110.0104.297.010.212541?=?+?=+=-則沉降達(dá)12cm所需要的時(shí)間為aCHTtvv05.11064.1600

10、48.0522=?=4-5解:(1求黏土層的固結(jié)系數(shù)已知試樣厚度2cm,固結(jié)度達(dá)60%所需時(shí)間8min,附帶應(yīng)力散布參數(shù)=1,從圖4-26查得時(shí)間因數(shù)Tv=0.31,則固結(jié)系數(shù)為acmtHTCvv/1004.2365246080.131.02422?=?=(2求黏土層的固結(jié)度達(dá)80%時(shí)所需的時(shí)間附帶應(yīng)力散布參數(shù)=1,從圖4-26查得固結(jié)度達(dá)80%時(shí)的時(shí)間因數(shù)Tv=0.59,則所需時(shí)間為aCHTtvv81.11004.225059.0422=?=第5章土的抗剪強(qiáng)度5-3已知kPac0=,03=?,kPa4501=,kPa0153=,kPau50=解:計(jì)算點(diǎn)的有效應(yīng)力狀態(tài)為kPau40050450

11、11=-=-=kPau1005015033=-=-=kPakPacf400300020345tan100245tan2245tan2231=+?+?=?+?+?+=?因此,計(jì)算點(diǎn)已損壞。5-5解:已知32=?d,kPa2003=,kPaq38018020031=+=+=固結(jié)不排,水剪損壞時(shí)的孔隙水應(yīng)力為fu,則對(duì)應(yīng)的有效主應(yīng)力為-=-=ffuu3311又fu22/2/sin31313131-+-=?+?-=?因此kPauf12032sin22003802200380sin223131=?-+=-+=?摩爾圓及強(qiáng)度線如習(xí)題圖5-5所示。習(xí)題圖5-5應(yīng)力摩爾圓及強(qiáng)度線第6章?lián)跬翗?gòu)造物上的土壓力6-

12、2解:主動(dòng)土壓力系數(shù):0245tan121=?-=?aK271.0245tan222=?-=?aK(1各層面點(diǎn)的主動(dòng)土壓力點(diǎn):kPaqKeaaA66.6333.0201=?=點(diǎn)上:(kPaKqHeaaB14.25333.02035.18111=?+?=+=上B點(diǎn)下:(kPaKqHeaaB46.20271.02035.18211=?+?=+=下點(diǎn)上:(kPaKqHHeaaC50.35271.02035.1835.1822211=?+?+?=+=上C點(diǎn)下:kPaeeaCaC50.35=上下點(diǎn):(kPaKqHHHeaaD72.44271.02045.835.1835.182322211=?+?+?+

13、?=?+=土壓力散布如習(xí)題圖6-2-1。習(xí)題圖6-2-1主動(dòng)土壓力散布圖(2水壓力散布A、B、C點(diǎn)的水壓力均為零;D的水壓力:kPaHpwwD404103=?=土壓力散布如習(xí)題圖6-2-2。習(xí)題圖6-2-2水壓力散布圖(3總壓力的大小總主動(dòng)土壓力:(mkNHeeHeeHeeEaDaCaCaBaBaAa/08.2920.472.445.352135.3546.20210.341.2566.621212121321=?+?+?+?+?+?=+=下上下上總水壓力:mkNHpPwDw/8044021213=?=因此,總壓力的大小為:mkNPEPwa/08.3728008.292=+=+=(4總壓力的作

14、用點(diǎn)總壓力P的作用點(diǎn)離墻底的距離y0為(mHHpHHeeHHeHHHeeHHHeHHHHeeHHHHePywDaCaDaCaBaCaBaAaBaA3.4134440213445.3572.442124435.5423346.205.3521423320.464333366.641.25214323366.608.372132132123212+?-?+?+?+?-?+?+?+?+?-?+?+?=+?-+?+-+?+?+-+?+=下下下上下上+6-3解:(1主動(dòng)土壓力主動(dòng)土壓力系數(shù):589.021545tan245tan22=?-=?-=?aKA點(diǎn)的主動(dòng)土壓力kPakPaKcqKeaaaA046

15、.9102589.0012-=?-?=-=因此,主動(dòng)土壓力零點(diǎn)深度為mKcza45.1589.01810220=?=B點(diǎn)的主動(dòng)土壓力kPaKcqKHKeaaaaB73.640.589102589.001589.07182=?-?+?=-+=主動(dòng)土壓力散布如習(xí)題圖6-3-1。習(xí)題圖6-3-1主動(dòng)土壓力散布圖主動(dòng)土壓力的協(xié)力大小為(mkNzHeEaBa/63.17945.1773.6421210=-?=-=主動(dòng)土壓力的協(xié)力作用點(diǎn)距離墻底距離y0a為(mzHya85.145.17313100=-?=-=(2被動(dòng)土壓力被動(dòng)土壓力系數(shù):70.121545tan245tan22=?+=?+=?pKA點(diǎn)的被

16、動(dòng)土壓力kPaKcqKepppA0.431021.70012=?+?=+=點(diǎn)的被動(dòng)土壓力kPaKcqKHKeppppB0.25710270.10170.17182=?+?+?=+=被動(dòng)土壓力散布如習(xí)題圖6-3-2。習(xí)題圖6-3-2被動(dòng)土壓力散布圖被動(dòng)土壓力的協(xié)力大小為121=?+?=+=被動(dòng)土壓力的協(xié)力作用點(diǎn)距離墻底距離y0b為?-?+?=?-+=6-4解:(1主動(dòng)土壓力計(jì)算主動(dòng)土壓力系數(shù)023045tan245tan22=?-=?-=?aKA點(diǎn)的主動(dòng)土壓力kPakPaKceaaA055.110.3331022=?-?=-=因此,主動(dòng)土壓力零點(diǎn)深度為mKcza92.1333.1810220=?

17、=C點(diǎn)的主動(dòng)土壓力(kPaKcKHHeaaaC05.26102333.086.9218(221=?-?+?=-+=主動(dòng)土壓力的協(xié)力大小為(mkNHeezHeEaCaBaBa/20.106805.2645.0211245.021201=?+?+-?=+-=主動(dòng)土壓力的協(xié)力作用點(diǎn)距離墻底距離y0a為(2.70m38845.005.262128845.0892.123192.1245.021106.2013212312112222201010=?-?+?+?+-?-?=?-+?+-=HHeeHHeHzHzHeEyaBaCaBaBaa(2被動(dòng)土壓力被動(dòng)土壓力系數(shù):0.323045tan245tan22=?+=?+=?pKA點(diǎn)的被動(dòng)土壓力kPaKceppA64.341022=?=點(diǎn)的被動(dòng)土壓力kPaKcKHepppB64.142102321821=?+?=+=點(diǎn)的被動(dòng)土壓力(kPaKcKHHepppC04.37331020.386.9218(221=?+?+?=+=被動(dòng)土壓力的協(xié)力大小為(mkNHeeHeeEpCpBpBpAp/2240804.37364.1422114234.6421221=?+?+?+?=+=被動(dòng)土壓力的協(xié)力作用點(diǎn)距離墻底距離y0b為y0pH21H2H11H1epAH12H22epBH13H12epC1821228142.64