上海版牛津英語8B資料

1、上海版牛津英語8B第一章學(xué)習(xí)輔導(dǎo)材料（11.01）亠學(xué)習(xí)新詞語productn.產(chǎn)品例如：、亠Ournewproductwillgoonthemarket.我們的新產(chǎn)品即將上市。【同根詞】：produce，productionproducev.生產(chǎn)；制造；產(chǎn)生例如：Weproducevegetables.我們生產(chǎn)蔬菜。productionn.生產(chǎn)；產(chǎn)生例如：、，Theproductionoftelevisionsetsisverycomplex.電視機(jī)制造非常復(fù)雜。scientistn.科學(xué)家例如：Mybrothersambitionistobeascientist.我兄弟的志愿是成為一名科學(xué)

2、家?！就~】：science,scientificsciencen.科學(xué)scientificadj.科學(xué)的例如：Thescientistsinthisuniversityareinterestedinmodernscienceandtheyspendmostoftheirtimeontheirscientificresearch.這所大學(xué)的科學(xué)家們對(duì)現(xiàn)代科學(xué)感興趣，他們把大部分時(shí)間用于科學(xué)研究。breathev.呼吸例如：Hebreathedhardwhenhewasillyesterday.他昨天生病時(shí)，費(fèi)力地呼吸。【同根詞】：breath,呼吸例如：Smithsheavybreathdi

3、sturbedhiswifessleep.史密斯沉重的呼吸擾亂了他太太的睡眠。hectaren.公頃1hectare=10,000squaremetres（1公頃=10,000平方米）例如：Thatfactorycoversanareaof150hectares.那個(gè)工廠占地150公頃。aliveadj.（表語形容詞）活著；在世【詞義辨析】：alive，living都是“活著”的意思，用法不同。例如：alive是表語形容詞，一般在句子中放在系動(dòng)詞后面，用作表語。例如：TOC o 1-5 h zIamyourfriendaslongasIamalive.只要我活著就是你的朋友。living是定語

4、形容詞，一般在句子中放在名詞前用作定語。例如：、Therearenotanylivingthingsinthemountainarea.在這個(gè)山區(qū)里沒有任何活著的東西。warnv.警告：使警惕例如：Xiaofengwarnedmeagainstpickpockets.小峰警告我要提防扒手。【同根詞】：warningn.警告；警示例如：,一Thereisawarningsignatthecornerofthestreet.街角那兒有一塊警示牌。naturen.自然界；大自然例如：、*、Iaminfavourofreturntonature.我贊成回歸自然?！就~】：naturaladj.自然的

5、例如：、【詞組】：（be）interestedin對(duì)感興趣例如：、Areyouinterestedinmovies?你對(duì)電影感興趣嗎？【詞義辨析】：interested，interestinginterestedadj.感興趣的。一般表示對(duì)某人或某物感興趣。例如：Heisinterestedincomputers.他對(duì)電腦感興趣。interestingadj.有趣的；令人感興趣的。一般表示某樣事物令人感興趣。Heisaninterestingboy.他是個(gè)有趣的男孩。Chemistryisaninterestingsubject.Allofusareinterestedinit.化學(xué)是一門有趣

6、的學(xué)科，我們都對(duì)它感興趣。aswellas也，還例如：TheystudyFrenchaswellasChinese.他們既學(xué)法語也學(xué)中文。【詞義辨析】aswellas,notonlybutalso,bothand都用于連接兩個(gè)相同的語法部分。aswellas強(qiáng)調(diào)的是兩個(gè)相同語法部分的前者。例如：Hecanplayviolinaswellasguitar.他既能拉小提琴，也能彈吉他。（強(qiáng)調(diào)會(huì)小提琴）notonlybutalso強(qiáng)調(diào)的是兩個(gè)相同語法部分的后者。例如：playnotonlyviolinbutalsoguitar.他不僅能拉小提琴，也能彈吉他。（強(qiáng)調(diào)會(huì)吉他）bothand前后兩個(gè)語法部

7、分都注重。例如：Hecanplaybothviolinandguitar.他能演奏小提琴和吉他。（不分前后一樣重要）airconditionern.空調(diào)例如：Hecann.Thismountainvillagehasnaturalbeauty.這個(gè)山村有自然的美。Airconditionersmakeusfeelmorecomfortableinsummerandwinter.夏天和冬天，空調(diào)使我們感到更加舒服。oneanother互相例如：、Wemusthelponeanotherandlearnfromoneanother.我們必須互相幫助，互相學(xué)習(xí)?！就x詞】：eachother互相；彼

8、此語法知識(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示的意義：表示現(xiàn)在(說話瞬間)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是此時(shí)此刻。例如；IamreadinganEnglishbook.我正在看一本英語書。SheiswatchingTV.她正在看電視。2表示目前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。例如：Whatlessonsareyoustudyingthisweek?你們本周學(xué)哪些課了？TomsparentsareworkinginChinathisyear.湯姆的父母今年一直在中國(guó)工作。二現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞be+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成，be(am,is,are)是助動(dòng)詞，不做聯(lián)

9、系動(dòng)詞用,不解釋“是”。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：肯定句由“主語+be+v.-ing+、其他”構(gòu)成。、例如：Iamcleaningtheclassroom.我正在打掃教室。Theyareplayingthepiano.否定句由“主語+be+not+v.-ing+其他”構(gòu)成。例如：HeisnotwatchingTV.他沒在看電視。Theyarenotwriting.他們沒在寫東西。一般疑問句由“Be+主語+v.-ing+其他？”構(gòu)成，其肯定答句為“Yes,主語+be”否定答句為“No,主語+be+not”。例如：一Isshelisteningtothemusic?她正在聽音樂嗎？一Yes,sheis./no

10、,sheisnt.是的，她在聽。/不，她不在聽。一Aretheyrunning?他們正在跑步嗎？一Yes,theyare./No,theyarent.是的，他們?cè)谂堋?不，他們不在跑。特殊疑問句由“特殊疑問詞+be+主語+v.-ing+其他？”構(gòu)成。例如：Whatareyoudoing?你們正在做什么？Whoishetalkingto?他正在和誰談話？三現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成：直接在動(dòng)詞原形末尾加-ing。例如：teachteachingplayplayinglooklookinggogoing丫丫丫丫writewritingtaketakinglivelivinggivegiving3.以重讀閉音節(jié)

11、結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí)，應(yīng)雙與該輔音字母再加-ing。例如：put丫丫puttingrunrunningbeginbeginningswimswimming四.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志：句中有副詞now時(shí)，常表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，這時(shí)要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。例如：Thechildrenareplayingfootballnow.孩子們現(xiàn)在正在踢足球。句首有l(wèi)ook,listen提醒注意時(shí)，提示我們動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，這時(shí)要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。例如：Look!Atrainiscoming.看！火車來了。Listen!Heisreading.聽！他正在朗讀。句首有表示鐘點(diǎn)的時(shí)間時(shí)，提示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，這時(shí)要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行

12、時(shí)。例如：Itssixoclock.Mymotheriscookingbreakfast.現(xiàn)在六點(diǎn)了，我媽媽正在做早餐。4根據(jù)語境或上下文理解，如果是動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，這時(shí)要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。例如：以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先去掉e再加-ing。例如：Dontmakenoise.Thebabyissleeping.不要吵，嬰兒正在睡覺。五.沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞：在英語中有一些動(dòng)詞沒有或很少有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。到目前為止，我們學(xué)過的沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞可分為以下幾類：表示感覺的感官動(dòng)詞，如see“看見”，hear“聽見”，find“找到”，notice“留意”等。例如：Doyouhearthenoiseofapl

13、ane？你聽到飛機(jī)的聲音了嗎？Weseehim.我們看見他了。注意：有些表示感觀的動(dòng)詞，如listento,lookat強(qiáng)調(diào)的是聽和看的動(dòng)作，而不是結(jié)果，所以可用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中。例如：、Theyarelisteningtotheteacher.他們?cè)诼犂蠋熤v課。表示態(tài)度和感情，心理狀態(tài)等意思的動(dòng)詞，如like“喜歡”，love“愛”，know“知道”，want“想要”，hope“希望”，hate“恨”，think“認(rèn)為”，believe“相信”等。例如：Ilikedog.我喜歡狗。、Iwanttogooutforawalknow.我現(xiàn)在想出去散步。3當(dāng)have,has表示“擁有”時(shí)。例如：I

14、havealotofbooks.我有許多本書。注意：當(dāng)have：has表示“吃飯：開會(huì)：玩得痛快”等意思時(shí)，可用干進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。例如：Wearehavingagoodtime.我們玩得很愉快。表示狀態(tài)的be動(dòng)詞“是。例如：Heisathome.他在家里。六.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的區(qū)別：1時(shí)間狀語：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常f性、習(xí)彳慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是經(jīng)常性和習(xí)慣性，通常與always,often,sometimes,usually等頻度副詞以及intheday,inthemorning/afternoon/evening,onSundays,atweekends等短語連用。例如：亠、,Myfat

15、heroftenreadsbooksafterdinner.我父親經(jīng)常飯后看書。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示講話時(shí)或目前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生的事情，通常與now,thesedays,atthistime等時(shí)間狀語連用。例如：Heisplayingthepianonow.他現(xiàn)在正在彈鋼琴。Look!TheyarewatchingTV.看！他們正在看電視。2謂語動(dòng)詞：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成有三種情況：be動(dòng)詞用am,is,are；實(shí)意動(dòng)詞用原形或第三人稱單數(shù)形式；情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形。例如：、Mybrotherisapoliceman.我的哥哥是一名警察。(be動(dòng)詞用is)Shedoesntwearawhiteu

16、niform.她不穿白色工作服。(實(shí)意動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)第三人稱形式)HecanspeakEnglish.他會(huì)說英語。(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的謂語動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成為:be(am,is,are)+v.-ing。例如：Areyoucleaningtheclassroom?你正在打掃教室嗎？Sheiseatingdinner.她正在吃飯。宀相關(guān)練習(xí)題填空：1.NowthestudentseachanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.(have)一WhatisMumdoingnow?一Shesomeclothes.(wash)一Whosewatchislost?一Mr.Smiths.Loo

17、k!Heiteverywhere.(lookfor)一Cindy,dinnerisready.WheresJohn?一Hehomeworkinhisroom.(do)DontturnontheTV.Grandmanow.(sleep)自學(xué)題Howmanykindsofpollutiondoyouknow?b)c)Thinkupsomewaysoffightingpollution:Whatcanwegetfromtreesandthatweuse,eat,drinkorwearinourdailylives?use:eat:drink:wear:2.各個(gè)擊破:Words1).2).Whenis

18、Tree-plantingDayinChina?Doyouknowanyothercountries?M單詞)熟讀課文中出現(xiàn)的新單詞，掌握其音、形、義、；類及其搭配。查詞典，了解下列詞的意丿醉要搭配及抄下至少一個(gè)例句。communicate,hardly,interview,protect,release,pure,3).找出符合下列意思的nmadebynature,notbymannunpleasantsipdrinkinsmallamountsoalife-givinggasfoundinairacsomethingproducedbychemistrysaythatsomethingba

19、dordangerousmayhappenhareaof10,000squaremetres3.重難點(diǎn)突破一一Phrases（短語）把握下列短語beinterestedinindangercutdownletoutbelongtoonearthkeep.alivecommunicatewithprotectoneself_合作探究“”ReadProtectingourenvironment“pollutionfightersfirst.Discusswhatyoucanlearnfromthetextingroups.Judyiscollectinginformationforaproject

20、onpollution.Whatdoesshelearn?P1-2:P3-12:P13-14:P15-16:訓(xùn)練Fillintheblankswithcorrectwords.Theoldmanissoweak.Hecanstand.Thenewparkcoveredanareaofsix.Atthetopofhighmountains,thereisverylittleintheair.Imustounottogoout.Thereisastormcoming.Thiscountryhasfewresources.Thefarmerusedatokilltheinsectsintheirfi

21、elds.Thesedayswecanwithpen-friendsbye-mails.TheTVprogarmmeafamousfilmdirectorabouthislatestfilm.Theresasmellcomingfromthedustbin.Thewaterinthestreamwasnotpolluted.Itwas.Thepolicesomeprisonerslastyear.Heforgottoturnofftheairconditioner,soitwasallnight.DoPartD.Findthefactsbyyourselves.DoPartEReadandth

22、ink拓展延伸Ingroups,makeyourownposterabouttreesandthebenefitsoftrees.Putitupinyourclassroomorschool.Leteveryoneknowtheimportanceofprotectingtrees.Assignments:rememberthenewphrases.2.Searchandgetmoreinformationaboutthebenefitsoftrees.課后測(cè)評(píng)題.ChoosethebestanswerWeshouldhavefastfood,freshvegetablesandtakeeno

23、ughexercise.A.fewer,fewerB.less,moreC.fewer,moreD.less,lessThiscupofwaterisveryhot.Youcanonly,oryouwillbehurt.A.eatB.drinkC.sipD.haveStudentswillmakegreatprogressiftheyasubject.A.areinterestedinB.areinterestingC.areinterestedD.areinterestinginTheindexpageofabookusuallycomes.A.atthebeginningofabookB.

24、inthemiddleofabookC.attheendofabookD.atthebottomofeachpageDonthimintotheforest.Wearenotallowedthebigtrees.A.let,goes,cutdownB.let,go,tocutdownC.lets,goes,cutsdownD.lets,togo,cutdownHaveyoufinishedyourhomework?A.chemicalB.chemistryCchemicalsD.chemistrysIyouagain.A.warnedB.warnC.wontwarnD.amwarningThe

25、ywerewarnedthemountaininsuchbadweather.A.toclimbB.nottoclimbC.climbingD.notclimbingTheroomissmallholdsomanypeople.A.so,thatB.too,toC.very,toD.enough,toHermotheraskedherwhereholidays.A.didyouspendB.youspentyourC.shespentherD.didshespendII.Choosethewordsorexpressionswhichareclosestinmeaningtounderline

26、dpartsA.almostnoB.thinkitistrueC.quitealotD.drinkinsmallamountofE.unpleasantF.madebynatureG.workingDoctorRayisascientistabouttrees.Wesupposesheknowseverythingabouttrees.Mywatchisntrunningwell.Thereishardlyanychancethatwewillwinthefootballmatch.Theteawassohotthatshecouldnotdrinkitfast,soshehadtosipit

27、.Idontlikethecheesewiththenastysmell.血Fillintheblankswiththewordsintheboxintheirp-roperformshealthychemistrypollutioncommunicationwarndangerousnatureHedrovesofastthatIreallyfeltmylifewasin.Waterisonekindoftheelements.Theworkersusedatokillmiceinthefactory.TheJapanesecannotspeakEnglish.Wouldyoupleaseu

28、seJapanesetowiththem?ThereisabeforethefilmineachDVD.Wemuststopthatfactoryfromtheriverassoonaspossible.W.RewritethesentenceasrequiredTreesarecommunicatingwithoneanother.（改為一般疑問句并作肯定回答）TOC o 1-5 h zcommunicatingwithoneanother?Yes,.JudyisinterviewingDoctorRay.（改為否定句）JudyDoctorRay.Scientistsareonlynowbe

29、ginningtounderstandtrees.（對(duì)劃線部分提問）scientistsonlynowbeginningto?Wearedestroyingourbestfightersagainstpollution.（對(duì)劃線部分提問）you?VReadingcomprehensionAAplantmakesitsownfoodinitsleaves.Watercomestotheleavesthroughtheroots.Airgoesintotheleavesthroughverysmallholes.Thegreencoloringintheleavesusesthewateranda

30、irtomakethefoodfortheplant.Italsoneedssunshinebecauseaplantcanmakefoodonlywhenthesunisshining.Animalsandpeoplecouldnotlivewithoutgreenplants.Theybotheatplants.Peopleandsomeanimalsalsoeatthemeatofsomeanimalsandtheseanimalseatplants.TandF1.Aplantgetsfoodfromitsroots.Aplanthasverysmallholesinitsleavesf

31、orairtocomein.Aplantcanmakeitsfoodwhenitiscloudy.Watercomesintoaplantthroughitsroots.Peoplecouldlivewithoutplants.BDesertsdonotstaythesamesize.Sometimestheygrowbigger.Sometimestheygetsmaller.Theworldsbiggestdesert,theSahara,isinAfrica.Rightnow,theSaharaDesertisgrowingfast.WhyistheSaharagrowing?Insom

32、eplaces,peoplefarmtoomuch.Inotherplaces,animalseatallthegrass.Or,peoplecutdownthetrees.Thismakesthesoilweak.Weaksoilletsthedesertgrow.Whyisitaproblem?Peoplecannotgrowfoodinthedesert.Peoplecannotbuilthouses,hospitals,orschoolsinthedesert.So,peoplemustleavetheirhomes.Theymustlivesomewhereelse.Whatcanp

33、eopledo?Theycanplanttrees.Theycanalsofarmless.Thesethingsmakethesoilstronger.MaybetheSaharawillstopgrowing.Itsabigproblem.Manypeoplemustworktogethertosolveit.TandFThesizeofthedesertsstaythesameallthetime.OneofthereasonsforthegrowingofSaharaisfarmingtoomuch.Desertsmaketroubleforpeople.Plantingtreesca

34、nhelppeoplefarmless.Stoppingthegrowingdesertisnotabigproblem.上海版牛津英語8B第二章學(xué)習(xí)輔導(dǎo)材料學(xué)習(xí)新詞語dailyadv.每天(everyday)例如：IwanttostudyEnglishwell,soIhavetopractiseitdaily.我想學(xué)好英語，因此我必須每天練習(xí)。Heplaysfootballdaily.他每天都踢足球。dailyadj.每日的；日常的n.日?qǐng)?bào)例如：Therearegreatchangesintheirdailylives.他們的日常生活有巨大的變化。ThisisaPeoplesDaily這是一

35、份人民日?qǐng)?bào)。increasev.(使)增加例如：Thewheatproductionincreasedagreatdealthisyear.今年的小麥產(chǎn)量大幅度增加。Wehaveincreasedthepriceofpaper.我們提高了紙張的價(jià)格?！痉戳x詞】：decreasev.減少例如：ThepopulationinGermanydecreasedlastyear.去年德國(guó)的人口減少了。Yourhungerdecreasesasyoueat.你的饑餓感在你吃飯時(shí)會(huì)漸漸消失。impatientadj.不耐煩的例如：Sheisbecomingimpatient.她變得著急起來?！就~】：pa

36、tient;impatient;patience1.patientadj.有耐心的，例如：Sheissokindandalwayspatientwiththosenaughtychildren.她對(duì)這些淘氣的孩子們是如此的和藹，有耐心。2.impatientadj.angryathavingtowait不耐煩的，急躁的，例如：Asanurseryteacher,youmustntbeimpatientwiththechildren.作為幼兒園教師，你不該對(duì)孩子急躁。3.patiencen.容忍；耐心，例如：Ihavenopatiencewithhimagain.我對(duì)他不再有耐心了。comfor

37、tablyadv.舒服地例如：Heissittingcomfortablyinthatarmchair.他舒服地坐在那把扶手椅子里?！就~】：comfort;comfortable;comfortablycomfortv.安慰；鼓舞n.安樂；舒適；安逸，例如：Helivesincomfort.他過得很舒服。（n.）Ifoundcomfortinhiswords.我從他的話中得到了安慰。（n.）Shecomfortedthesickchild.她安慰這個(gè)生病的孩子。（v.）comfortableadj.舒適的，舒服的，例如：Shelivesacomfortablelife.她過著舒適的生活。c

38、omfortablyadv.withnopainorworry舒適地，安樂地pump1.v.pushbymachine（用泵）抽，抽吸；打氣，例如：Thevillagershadpumpedthewelldryandcouldgetnomorewater.村民們已把水井抽干了，再也抽不出水來了。Hepumpeduphistires.他給車胎打足了氣。2.n.泵；水泵，例如：Theyarewateringthefieldswithmanypumps.他們正用許多泵澆灌著田地。freezev.（frozefrozenfreezing）stopmovingsuddenly（突然停止，驚呆），例如：F

39、earmadehimfreezeinhistracks.恐懼使他突然停止前進(jìn)。Hefrozeinfrontoftheaudience.他在觀眾面前嚇呆了。冷凍，冷藏（食物），例如：Notallfruitandvegetablesfreezewell.并非所有的水果和蔬菜都適合冷藏。plantn.1.buildingwithmachinesinit工廠，車間，例如：Whentheplantcloseddown,manyfactoryworkerslosttheirjobs.工廠關(guān)門了，很多工人失業(yè)了。2.植物，例如：Treesandvegetablesareplants.樹木和蔬菜是植物。詞義辨

40、析:speed;hurryspeedv.（spedspedspeeding）movequickly指快速運(yùn)動(dòng)或行動(dòng)。例如：Theambulancespedtothehospital.救護(hù)車快速開往醫(yī)院。Hewasarrestedforspeeding.他因超速行車而被捕。Thetrainspedthroughthecountryside.火車從鄉(xiāng)間飛馳而過。PostalworkerslaboredovertimetospeeddeliveryoftheChristmasmail.郵政工人加班加點(diǎn)已加速圣誕期間新信件的發(fā)送。hurryv.moveordosth.quicklyortooquick

41、ly意指比通?？斓枚嗟乃俣龋?jīng)常伴隨著混亂或騷動(dòng)。例如：Ifyoudonthurry,youllmisstheplane.如果你不迅速些，你將會(huì)錯(cuò)過班機(jī)了。Dontletanyonehurryyouintomakingadecisionyoullregretlater.不要在任何人的催促下作出你以后會(huì)為之后悔的決定。reply;answer（v.&n.1.reply和answer都表示“回答，都可以做名詞和動(dòng)詞。answer為一般用語；reply的用法比較正式，多用于經(jīng)過深思熟慮后對(duì)對(duì)方問題和論點(diǎn)作出解釋、辯論或陳述性回答。這兩個(gè)詞在做名詞時(shí)都可以與to連用，指“的答案或答復(fù)。answer較常

42、用，如：answeraquestion（thedoorbell,thephone,theletter,etc.）例如：Hehasansweredmyletter.（此句僅表明他回了我的信，說明他已經(jīng)收到我的信。）Answerthisquestion.回答這個(gè)問題。（動(dòng)詞）Iaskedherthereason,butshedidntreply.我問她原因，她卻沒有回答。（動(dòng)詞）Ireceivednoreply/answertomyrequest.我的要求沒有得到任何答復(fù)。（名詞）Theydidnotreplytoournewsuggestion.他們對(duì)我們的新建議沒有作出答復(fù)。（動(dòng)詞）Ihadn

43、oreplytomyletter.我沒收到回信。（名詞）answer2.answer是及物動(dòng)詞，后面可直接跟賓語；而reply是不及物動(dòng)詞，跟賓語須與to連用;可表示對(duì)電話、敲門等作出的應(yīng)答，而reply則沒有這種用法。例如：Hehasrepliedtomyletter.（此句表明他將我信中的問題都一一回答了。）Youmustreplyto/answerthisletterrightaway.你必須馬上回復(fù)這封信。Whoansweredthetelephone?誰接的電話？如果是指練習(xí)題的“答案，一般用answer。例如：Theanswerto6multiplying10is60.六乘以十的答

44、案是六十。五常用詞組：vanishv.disappear消失，突然不見,vanishintothinair消失不見vanishindarkness在黑暗中消失replyv.&n.常用詞組有：inreply（to）為答復(fù)；作為對(duì)常用詞組有：vanishfromsight消失不見vanishintonothing化為烏有的答復(fù)make（no）reply（不）作答復(fù)replyforsb.代表某人作答辯/答謝祝酒replyto回答；答復(fù)lookv.useonessight;turntheeyesinsomedirection;trytosee看；視；望。常用詞組有:lookround環(huán)視lookaft

45、er照料，照顧lookdownon輕視，看不起lookforwardto盼望，期待lookon/upon看作lookoutof朝外看lookthrough從頭看完，透視lookupanddown上下打量lookaround四周環(huán)顧lookat看，朝看lookback（與on,to連用）回想，想起lookfor尋找looklike看起來像lookout注意，小心lookover翻閱，瀏覽lookup在書中查到，查閱（詞典）finishwith以為結(jié)束，例如：Hefinishedwiththework.他以這項(xiàng)工作做為結(jié)束。Hefinishedtheperformancewithasong.他以一

46、首歌曲結(jié)束表演。remembernottodosth.記得不要做某事，例如：Youmustremembernottopollutethewater.你們必須記住，不能把水污染了。Remembernottomakethesamemistakeagain.記住不要再犯相同的錯(cuò)誤了。meanby.意思是，例如：Whatdoyoumeanbysayingthat?你那樣說是什么意思？語法知識(shí)一句型Itis+adj.+forsb.（ofsb）todosth.（對(duì)事加以評(píng)論/對(duì)人加以評(píng)論）不定式短語作主語時(shí)，常用形式主語it來代替，而真正的主語放在句子的謂語后面。例如:Itisdifficultforyo

47、utoreadthroughthisbookaweekorso.對(duì)你來說一星期左右看完這本書有困難。Itisusefulforyoutolearnhowtousethecomputer.學(xué)習(xí)使用計(jì)算機(jī)對(duì)你有好處。Itwasbraveofyoutogointotheburningbuildingtosavethechild.你沖入火場(chǎng)救那個(gè)孩子，真勇敢。ItsnecessaryforustolearnEnglishtoday.現(xiàn)在對(duì)我們來講，學(xué)英語非常重要。二（a）few和（a）little的用法(a)few用在可數(shù)名詞n.C之前，(a)little用在不可數(shù)名詞n.U之前。例如：Hetooka

48、fewbiscuits.(afew=several)他拿了幾塊餅干。Hetookfewbiscuits.(few=notmany)他拿的餅干不多。Hetookalittlebutter.(alittle=some)他拿了點(diǎn)黃油。Hetooklittlebutter.(little=notmuch)他拿的黃油不多。few可由hardlyany或almostno所替代，含否定的意味。例如：Thecompositioniswellwritten;ithasfewmistakes.=Thecompositioniswellwritten;ithashardlyanymistakes.這篇作文很好寫，幾

49、乎沒有多少錯(cuò)誤。Fewmencansolveit.=Almostnomencansolveit.幾乎沒有人能解決它。afew相當(dāng)于some,several,含肯定的意味。例如：Hehasafewfriends.=Hehassomefriends.=Hehasseveralfriends.他有一些朋友。alittle和little之間的差別，就和afew和few的差別一樣，只是(a)little修飾不可數(shù)名詞，表量或程度。例如：Hegrowsworse;thereislittlehopeofhisrecovery.他病情惡化了，恢復(fù)的希望很小了。Heisnotmuchbetter,butther

50、eisalittlehope.他病情不是那么好，但是有點(diǎn)希望。三其它的數(shù)量形容詞plentyof,alotof,lotsof都表示許多，修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。例如：Theroomcontainedplentyof/alotof/lotsofstudents.這個(gè)房間容納了許多學(xué)生。(students是復(fù)數(shù)名詞)Theroomcontainedplentyof/alotof/lotsoffurniture.這個(gè)房間容納了許多家具。(furniture是不可數(shù)名詞)agreatdealof,agooddealof,alargequantityof,asmallquantityof,alar

51、geamountof,asmallamountof均表量，修飾不可數(shù)名詞。例如：Theroomcontainedalargequantityoffurniture.(不可數(shù)名詞)Theroomcontainedalargeamountoffurniture.(不可數(shù)名詞)Theroomcontainedasmallquantityoffurniture.(不可數(shù)名詞)Theroomcontainedasmallamountoffurniture.(不可數(shù)名詞)anumberof“許多；一些；agreatnumberof,alargenumberof,agoodnumberof許多，修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)

52、名詞，并且要與復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞連用。例如：Anumberofbooksaremissingfromthelibrary.圖書館的許多書丟失了。Thenumberofbooksfromthelibraryislarge.圖書館的圖書數(shù)量很大。thenumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)(be)動(dòng)詞Theroomcontainedagreat/large/good/numberofstudents.(復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞)這個(gè)房間容納了許多學(xué)生。相關(guān)練習(xí)題一Iftherearepeopledriving,therewillbeairpollution.一Yes,theairwillbefresher.A.less;le

53、ssB.less;fewerC.fewer;fewerD.fewer;lessShallweleavenow?Donthurry.Westillhavetimeleft.A.littleB.alittleC.fewD.afew一Wouldyoulikesomemilkinyourtea?一Yes,please.Butjust.A.littleB.alittleC.afewD.fewTheresmilkathome.Wehavetobuysomethisafternoon.A.alittleB.littleC.afewD.few一Oh,dear.Wehavefoodleft.Whatshould

54、wedo?一Dontworry.Illgoandbuysome.A.afewB.alittleC.fewD.little自學(xué)練習(xí)題根據(jù)漢語提示寫單詞Youshoulddressneatlyand.（整潔地）Wewill（舉行）asportsmeetingnextMonday.They（選舉）metobethepresidentofthestudentsUnionyesterday.Newspaperremain（受歡迎的）becausetheygivethenewsinmoredetailsthaneitherradiosorTVs.Whowonthe（競(jìng)賽），doyouknow?句型轉(zhuǎn)換Th

55、eyworkhardtogetmoremoney.theyworkhard?（就畫線部分提問MymotherwillvisitEnglandnextweek.yourmothervisitnextweek?（就畫線部分提問Yououghttobemorecareful.Youtobemorecareful.Theyshouldfinishtheirhomeworkfirst.finishtheirhomeworkfirst.（改為一般疑問句ThematchbetweenChinaandKoreacouldntgoonbecauseitwasrainingheavily.Thematchbetw

56、eenChinaandKoreacouldntgoontheheavyrain.（改為同義句）選擇填空Theyallhave.A.thedifferentideasB.differentideasC.thedifferentideaD.differentideaThevisitorsourschoolintwodays.A.cametoB.willcometoC.cometoD.hascometodoyouseeafilm?Onceaweek.A.HowfarB.HowlongC.HowsoonD.HowoftenWecanfindstudentsintheclassroomnow.Theya

57、replayingontheplayground.A.muchB.fewC.alittleD.littleTheywanthimthechiefspeaker.A.tobeB.beC.beingD.isYoumustrthelostbooks.A.payB.costC.spendD.takeWhathappenedou?Youdontlookfine.Ihaveacold.A.inB.onC.fromD.toYoumaygotothepoliceandhelp.A.askB.askforC.askingD.toaskforCanshedoherhomeworkby?A.himselfB.our

58、selvesC.herselfD.themselvesHaveyoufinishedthepicture?A.drawB.todrawC.drewD.drawing課后測(cè)試題Choosethebestanswer（選擇最佳的答案）：Thegirlatthedeskgavethetouriststheirroomkeys.A.reportB.refrigeratorC.receptionD.receiverItsalready8oclockinthemorning.Itstimetoschool.A.forB.togoC.forgoD.goingSometimeswechangeiceintoa

59、liquid.Wewater.A.callitB.callC.arecallitD.calledWaterpouredthesinkanvanishedthedrain.A.in;intoB.into;upC.into;downD.on;downWecansaveelectricitybythelightsbeforeweleavetheflat.A.turnonB.turningonC.turnoffD.turningoffIsawacarawayjustnow.A.speedsB.spedC.speedingD.wasspeedingIheretheendofthemonth.A.wont

60、stay;untilB.willstay;untilC.willleave;untilD.left;until&ItsimportantusEnglishwell.A.for;tostudyB.for;studyingC.of;tostudyD.of;studyingIthinkhealthisthanmoney.A.preciousB.valuableC.morevaluableD.valuableThereisonlybreadleft.A.littleB.alittleC.fewD.afewItswrongtodirtywaterintotheriver.A.bringB.takeC.p