簡單句、并列句、復(fù)合句

1、簡單句、并列句、復(fù)合句知識點睛】、句子分類按 分句子按 分 二、陳述句、疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句 陳述句：用于說明事實或說話人的看法 疑問句：用于提問 祈使句：用于表示請求、命令、勸告、建議等 感嘆句：用于表達(dá)強(qiáng)烈的感情陳述句 有肯定和否定兩種形式，多以句號結(jié)尾，讀降調(diào)。 陳述句的否定式：be 的否定式( be 作系動詞和助動詞)助動詞、情態(tài)動詞的否定式除 not 外，其他否定詞也可以構(gòu)成否定句幾乎不用 no 表示， no = not any/anever 從不，決不，永不 seldom 很少 hardlylittle, few 幾乎沒有no one/nobody 沒有人5）nothing 什么

2、也沒有6）neither of沒有什么（兩者都不）;none of沒有任何，什么都沒有 （三者或三者以上都不 ）7）tooto太以至于不能（二）疑問句一般疑問句（ 1）用什么詞提問，用什么詞回答。 Are you a student? 你是一個學(xué)生嗎？ Yes, I am. 是的，我是。 / No, I m not. 不，我不是。（ 2）否定的一般疑問句往往表示驚訝、贊嘆、懷疑等語氣。（注意 yes/no 的翻譯） Dont you watch TV at night?你晚上不看電視嗎？Yes, I do. 不，我看電視。 /No, I don t. 是的，我不看電視。（ 3）用其他詞語代替

3、yes/no ，使語氣更客氣、委婉。 Can you go to the movies with me?你能和我一起去看電影嗎？ I m afraid not. I have much homework to do.恐怕不行，我有很多作業(yè)要做。特殊疑問句用特殊疑問詞來引導(dǎo)，不用 回答。特殊疑問詞包括疑問代詞、疑問副詞和疑問詞組。（ 1）疑問代詞： what, who, which, whose, whom（ 2）疑問副詞： when, where, why, how （對狀語進(jìn)行提問）（ 3）疑問詞組： how soon, how long, how far, how often等（ 4）否定

4、的特殊疑問句一般有勸告、建議、責(zé)備等意味。Why don t you come here?= Why not come here?選擇疑問句提出兩種或以上的情況要對方選擇，不能用 回答，要用完整的句子或其省略形式。1）一般選擇疑問句句式 Do you like tea or coffee? I like tea.（ 2）特殊選擇疑問句句式 Which do you like better, tea or coffee? I prefer tea.反意疑問句（ 1）結(jié)構(gòu)：“陳述部分，簡短問句？”（ 2）原則： ， （ 3）三步走：第 1 步 將陳述部分變成一般疑問句第 2 步 提取“助動詞 （或

5、 be 動詞）+主語”，當(dāng)主語為名詞時，要變?yōu)榇~第 3 步 前肯后否，前否后肯（能縮就縮）（ 4）回答：實事求是【翻譯】 Lucy 從不早起，是嗎？是的，她從不早起。 / 不，她有時候早起。三）祈使句特征：以 開頭，省略第二人稱主語 ；若要表示禮貌，可以加上語氣詞（Ktv肯定式否定式特殊式Stand up!Don t stand up!No smoking/parking!Be quiet!Don t be noisy!No photos!（四）感嘆句感嘆句是用來表達(dá)人的特殊感情的句子，可以表達(dá)人的喜、怒、哀、樂等感情色彩。感嘆句 可以是一個單詞、一個不定式、一個由短語構(gòu)成的獨立句，也可以是

6、由what 或 how 引導(dǎo)的句子，句末常用“ ! ”。Great!A good job!What a good day (it is)!What terrible weather (it is)!What smart students (they are)!How terrible (the weather is)!How smart (the students are)!How fast he runs!【填空】 tall the boy is! lovely children! useful book it is! exciting news!三、簡單句、并列句、復(fù)合句 簡單句：由一個主

7、語 （ 或并列主語 ）和一個謂語 （或并列謂語 ）構(gòu)成的句子。I am a student.Lily and Lucy are twins.He went up to the door, opened it and entered.She will go there either this week or next week.并列句：由并列連詞 （and, so, but, or等） 把兩個或以上的簡單句連在一起構(gòu)成的句子。He did the work and he did it well.I like music, but I don t like this song.Either you

8、 leave, or Tom leaves.復(fù)合句：由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構(gòu)成的句子。Do you know where my bike is?John fell asleep while he was listening to the music.That is the woman I met yesterday.（一）常見句子成分主語： 句子所要說的人或物；通常由名詞或代詞擔(dān)任謂語： 說明主語的動作或狀態(tài)；由主動詞充當(dāng)賓語： 及物動詞或介詞的對象或結(jié)果；通常由名詞或代詞擔(dān)任表語： 在系動詞后，表明主語身份或特征；通常由名詞、代詞、形容詞充當(dāng)定語： 修飾名詞或代詞；通常由形容詞、代

9、詞、數(shù)詞擔(dān)任狀語： 修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞；通常由副詞、介詞短語擔(dān)任 賓語補(bǔ)足語：說明賓語怎么樣或干什么；常由形容詞、動詞擔(dān)任 同位語：通常緊跟在名詞、代詞后，進(jìn)一步說明它的情況（二）簡單句五大基本句型 主系表/主謂（vi.）/主謂（vt.）賓/主謂（vt.）賓賓/主謂（vt.）賓賓補(bǔ)（三）連詞表表表表連接詞與詞或短語與短語 連接簡單句與簡單句連詞連接主句與從句_四、三大從句（一）賓語從句含義：在主從復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語的句子。We know Jack is a lazy stude nt.We are talking about whether it s a cat .He is unhappy

10、 that he didn t pass the exam.分類：動詞后賓語從句、介詞后賓語從句、形容詞后賓語從句三要素：、（可省略）賓語從句：陳述句,-賓語從句：一般疑問句 連接詞 賓語從句：特殊疑問句語序 序時態(tài)難點 1】 只用連接詞 whether 的情況I m thinking about I should see the film.I haven t decided to go to the cinema.I m not sure or not it s worth seeing the film.結(jié)論： 【難點 2】 特殊疑問句本身語序為陳述語序的句子Who broke the w

11、indow?What happened last night?What s the matter/the trouble?What s up/wrong?When will we meet?【難點 3】 賓語從句和簡單句的轉(zhuǎn)換I don t know what I can/should do next. = I don t know what to do next.He couldn t decide which one he could/should buy. = He couldnt decide which one to buy.Could you tell me how I can g

12、et to the zoo? = Could you tell me ?結(jié)論：1. 當(dāng)主句的 與從句的 一致時，且主句的謂語動詞是know, decide, learn等時，此復(fù)合句可轉(zhuǎn)換成簡單句，即從句部分改為“特殊疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。2. 當(dāng)主句謂語是 ask, tell, show, teach 等 動詞時，且主句的 和從句的 一致時，此復(fù)合句可轉(zhuǎn)換成簡單句，即從句部分改為“特殊疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。（二）狀語從句含義：在主從復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)狀語的句子。The bus had left whe n we arrived at the stati on.分類：時間狀語從句，條件狀語從句，讓步

13、狀語從句，原因狀語從句，結(jié)果狀語從句目的狀語從句，比較狀語從句各類狀語從句連詞：狀語從句連詞（從屬連詞）時間狀語從句條件狀語從句讓步狀語從句原因狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句目的狀語從句比較狀語從句【難點1】when, while, as 的區(qū)別whe n：指時間點或時間段；前后動作可 發(fā)生或發(fā)生while :只表一段時間；前后動作 發(fā)生，while后加動詞（或表狀態(tài)）as :前后動作并行發(fā)生，“一邊一邊”；“隨著”Give this bike to Maryshe comes n ext week.Retur n the book to Lilyyou have fini shed readi ng

14、it.I was doing my homeworkmy mother came in. Tom was watching TV, his parents were taking a walk.She did sports she listened to music.難點 2】 because, for, since, as的區(qū)別1）because “ ” （ 從屬連詞 ） 指直接原因，語氣最強(qiáng)。I did that because she told me to.since “ ” ( 從屬連詞 ) 表示人們已知的事實，語氣比because 弱help.Since you can t answ

15、er the question, you can ask someone else foras “ ” ( 從屬連詞 ) 表示不言而喻、顯而易見的原因；語氣比 since 弱As it is raining, you d better take a taxi.4）for “”（ 連詞） 不表直接原因，表附加或推斷的理由， for 引導(dǎo)的是并列句It rained last night, for the ground is wet now.【難點 3】“主將 / 祈/ 情從現(xiàn)”現(xiàn)象在時間 、條件 、讓步 狀語從句中，當(dāng)主句是 或或的句子時，從句要用 代替將來。Don t point at oth

16、ers with your chopsticks when you (eat).The boy is very careful when he (cross) the road.You can realize your dream as long as you (not) give up.Whatever you (do), wherever you (go), I will be here waiting for you.注意：主將從現(xiàn)只是一種語法現(xiàn)象，只有“主將” ，才有“從現(xiàn)” 。時間、條件、讓步狀語從句還可以 使用其他的很多時態(tài)。三)定語從句含義：在主從復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)定語的句子。A do

17、ctor is a person who looks after people s health.結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞（指人/指物）關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞在定語從句中的成分【難點1】定語從句中關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況1）當(dāng)先行詞是 時，如：all, none, something, everything,anything,nothing, the one 等,關(guān)系詞用thatIs this school the one that you graduated from?Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?2）當(dāng)先行詞被the only,

18、the very（ 恰恰，正好）,the same, little, few, no, any等修飾時，關(guān)系詞用 thatThis is the very busI am waiti ng for.3）當(dāng)先行詞既有又有時I n ever forget the school and the people that I visited in Shan ghai.4）當(dāng)先行詞被 或修飾時This is the most in teresti ngmovie that I have ever see n.which/that?難點 2】 當(dāng)先行詞是時間 / 地點時，用關(guān)系副詞 when/where ，

19、還是關(guān)系代詞I will never forget the days we spent together.I will never forget the days I was in primary school.This is the school I often pay a visit to.This is the school that teacher once worked.精講精練】 一、判斷下列句子是簡單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句，并分析成分He often drew pictures on the floor with chalk and when his mother saw what

20、 he had done, she would quickly clean them with a mop.He searched out the farmer whom the king had spoken to and asked him the answer to the riddle.Some scientists wonder what would happen if the heat from the computer could be used.、填空題A: 根據(jù)漢語提示及句意完成句子 TOC o 1-5 h z My sister is too young to go to

21、school, ?Nancy, sweep the classroom, ?I don t think she will agree with me, ?You had better stay at home, ? Mr. Li s never been to Canada, has he? , . He went there on business last week.B: 根據(jù)句意，用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞或關(guān)系詞或連接詞填空Work hard, you ll pass the test easily.This is the best book I have ever read. it rains h

22、eavily, no one is late for the class.You won t catch the bus you leave immediately.The population of China is larger that of America.He wonders his English teacher can come today.不但所有的學(xué)生而且他們的英語老師都已讀了這本故事書。 all the pupils their English teacher the storybook.、單項選擇)1.is it from the New Town to the oldc

23、ity center? Less than 30 minutes by underground.A. How soonB. How oftenC. How long D. How far)2.David, or you will get heavier.d oesn t play sports any moredoesn t eat so much meatC. don t play sports any moreD. don t eat so much meat)3.Wow!A. WhatB. How aC. What aD. How)4.The war was over about thr

24、ee months ago,the American soldiers in Iraq are Listen! Someone is playing the piano.beautiful music! I like it very much.still having a lot of trouble to deal with.A. orB. andC. butD. so( )5. Dad, please tell me when Mum . I miss her very much. She will return when she her task. And she will bring

25、a nice present for you.returns; finishesB. returns; will finishwill return; finishesD. will return; will finishD. but( )6.The environment will be worse and worse we take steps to protect it right away.unless B. although C. while( )7. she was tired, she didnt stop to have a rest.A. /; soB. Although;

26、/ C. Although; butD.Because;so( )8. I still remember the college and the teachers I visited in London years ago.A. what B. whoC. that D. which( )9. Franklin told them all to be in Britain again.A. how happy was hehow happy he washow was he happyhow he was happy( )10. Tell me .Well, it is like what i

27、s wrong with itwhat is itwhat is it likewhat the matter is with it參考答案】 【知識點睛】一、句子分類按功能分：陳述句；疑問句 （ 一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、反意疑問句）；祈使句；感嘆句按結(jié)構(gòu)分：簡單句；并列句；復(fù)合句 （ 名詞性從句、狀語從句、定語從句 ）二、陳述句、疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句（二）疑問句2. 特殊疑問句yes/no3. 選擇疑問句yes/no反意疑問句（2） 前肯后否；前否后肯【翻譯】 Lucy never gets up early, does she? No, she does nt. / Yes,

28、 she does.（三）祈使句動詞原形； you； please（四）感嘆句What + （a/an） + adj. + n.+ （subject + v.）!How + adj./adv. + （subject + v.）!【填空】 How；What；What a ； What三、簡單句、并列句、復(fù)合句(三)連詞并列連詞：簡單句；并列句順承、并列關(guān)系(and, bothand, as well as, not only but also )，轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系 (but)，選擇關(guān)系 (or, eitheror ,neither nor ),因果關(guān)系 (so, for)從屬連詞：復(fù)合句(引導(dǎo)名詞性從句

29、的從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)狀語從句的從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句的從屬連詞)四、三大從句賓語從句三要素：連接詞、語序、時態(tài)連接詞： that ； whether/if ； what/when/where/which/who/how語序：陳述時態(tài)：主現(xiàn)從任；主過從過；客觀事實 / 真理用一現(xiàn)， is【難點 1】只用連接詞 whether 的情況whether ； whether ； whether 結(jié)論：前有介詞狼，后有不定虎，后有 or not ，用 whether ?！倦y點 2】特殊疑問句本身語序為陳述語序的句子前四個特殊疑問句都是陳述語序，不用變；最后一個特殊疑問句放在賓語的位置需變成陳述語序 when

30、we will meet ?！倦y點 3】賓語從句和簡單句的轉(zhuǎn)換how to get to the zoo ；主語；主語；雙賓；賓語；主語狀語從句時間狀語從句 when, while, as, before, after, until, not until, as soon as, since讓步狀語從句although, though, even if, even though, whatever, whenever, wherever原因狀語從句because, since, as 結(jié)果狀語從句so that ,such that 目的狀語從句so that , in order that比

31、較狀語從句asas,not so/as as,tha n難點 1】when， while ， as 的區(qū)別同時；先后；同時；延續(xù)性；when； when；when；while ；while ；as難點 2】 because, for, since, as 的區(qū)別1）因為2）既然，因為3）由于、鑒于4）因為、由于；并列難點 3】“主將從現(xiàn)”現(xiàn)象般將來時；祈使句；含情態(tài)動詞；一般現(xiàn)在時； eat ； crosses ；dont ； do； go三）定語從句人；who;主語、賓語、表語人；whom賓語 物； which ；主語、賓語、表語人/物；that ;主語、賓語、表語人/物；whose;定語原因 (n.)；why;狀語地點 (n.)；where;狀語時間 (n.)；when;狀語難點 1】定語從句中關(guān)系詞只能用that 的情況1）不定代詞 2 ）that3）人；物4）最高級；序數(shù)詞5） that難點 2】當(dāng)先行詞是時間 / 地點時