讓步狀語從句.5課件

1、讓步狀語從句專講一.定義定義：讓步狀語從句是狀語從句中的一種，其本身也是狀語從句。一般翻譯為“盡管”或“即使”，就是我們日常生活中用的“退一步說”的感覺。二.關聯詞引導讓步狀語從句的連詞主要有：though和although（雖然，縱然），while, as（雖然.但是.）; even if和even though（即使縱使）; whether.or.(無論是否或不管是還是); no matter+疑問詞（不管都），疑問詞-ever，regardless of+名詞/名詞短語/名詞從句，despite和in spite of(盡管). 三.位置讓步狀語從句可以前置，也可以后置；前置時強調主句內

2、容，后置時強調從句內容。有時也可以采取中位（插入句中）。 although和though同義，在一般情況下，可以互換使用。只是though較普遍，常用于非正式的口語或書面語中，而although則較為正式。另外although語氣比though重，常用以強調讓步概念。 Though Although it was raining，we went there. 雖然下著雨，但我們還是去了那兒。四.具體用法1although 和though(雖然，盡管) 引導的讓步狀語從句：Though Although it was barely four oclock, the lights were alr

3、eady on. 盡管才四點鐘，燈已經亮了。Though Although we are poor, we are still happy. 我們雖然窮，仍然很快活Though/Although my car is very old, I dont want to buy a new one. 雖然我的汽車很舊，但我不想買一輛新的。 He insisted on doing it although I warned him not to. 雖然我警告他不要做，但他仍然堅持要做。 even能和though組合表示強調，但even不能和although組合。因此，不能說even although,

4、在這里even though=even if(no matter if; though即使也) e.g. Even if/Even though we could afford it, we wouldnt go abroad for our vocation.即使我們付得起這筆錢，也不出國度假。 當讓步狀語從句指某種假設情況時，通常用though,而不用although。 e.g. Though all the world were against me, I should still hold to my opinion. 就算全世界都反對我，我還是堅持我的立場。 Though every

5、body deserts you, I will not. 即使所有人都拋棄你，我也不會的。 相同點：在although和though引導的讓步狀語從句中，主句里不可用but,若要強調前后兩部分的對比意義，可在主句前加yet或still。 e.g. Although/Though he has a lot of money, yet/still he is unhappy. 他雖然有很多錢，但并不幸福。 although和though引導讓步狀語從句時，常采用省略形式。 e.g. Although tired (=Although he was tired), he kept on worki

6、ng. 雖然很疲勞，但他繼續(xù)工作。 The problem, though complicated(=though it is complicated), can be solved without much difficulty.2even if, even though(即使)和 if 引導的讓步狀語從句：even if 與 even though同義，常用于強調讓步概念 Ill do it, even if it takes me all the afternoon. Even if you fail, you can try again.注：if 有時也可以用于讓步含義，但要注意條件i

7、f 與讓步if 的區(qū)別，試比較： If he is poor, how can he buy the house? (條件) If he is poor, he is at least honest. (讓步) (= even if)注意比較下列各句： While I admit his good points, I can see his shortcomings. (讓步) While I understand what you say, I cant agree with you. (讓步) While I was reading, the light went out. (時間)He

8、is idle, while his brother is diligent. (轉折、對比)4while引導的讓步狀語從句： while (= although),它引導的讓步狀語從句只能前置，位于句首，如： While I admit that the problems are difficult, I dont agree that they cannot be solved.6whetheror引導的讓步狀語從句： 這種從句也稱“選擇條件-讓步狀語從句”，可位于主句之前或之后，如： Whether he drives or (whether he) flies, he will be

9、here on time. Whether you like it or not, youll have to do it.We hold that all countries, (whether they are) big or small, (whether they are) rich or poor, should be equal. Whether it rains or snows, I will go tonight. She had to go, whether or not she wanted it.7由連接代詞whoever, whomever, whatever, wh

10、ichever引導的讓步狀語從句： Whoever (= no matter who) is unwilling to go, I will go. (whoever 既相當于連接詞短語no matter 連接主句與從句，又相當于疑問代詞who) Whomever (= no matter whom) you are dealing with, this method is no good. Whatever (= no matter what) happens, keep calm. Whatever others may say, you are certainly right. Whic

11、hever (= no matter which) you choose, we have no objection.8由連接形容詞whatever 或whichever 引導的讓步狀語從句，如： Whatever (= no matter what) difficulties may arise, we must and can overcome them one by one. (whatever 既相當于no matter 連接主句與從句，又相當于疑問形容詞what 修飾名詞difficulties。) Whichever (= no matter which) room is assi

12、gned to him, he will have no objection. Whichever method you use, the result is much the same.10注意以上幾種結構的省略形式： However difficult the task (may be), it will be fulfilled on time. However great the difficulties (may be), we will never retreat. Whatever the difficulties (may be), they must and can be o

13、vercome.11由whenever, wherever 引導的從句，同時也分別是時間狀語從句和地點狀語從句，這里作為讓步狀語從句來看待，是強調它們帶有no matter when, no matter where 的含義。在口語中用no matter +wh- 結構比較常見。例如：No matter when and how the invaders come, they will be wiped out clean.It is true, no matter what you may say. (可置于主句之后)原因狀語從句的引導詞：1. Because because 表示直接原因，

14、語氣最強，because所引導的原因狀語從句通常位于主句之后，because所引導的句子還常用于回答why引導的特殊疑問句。e.g: I do it because I like it.2. since/now that。通常譯為“既然”，表示已知的顯然的理由，語氣比 because 弱，較為正式；now that，更突出事實本身。 Since 和now that 所引導的原因狀語從句一般位于主句之前。e.g: 既然你比較空閑，那就幫我補習數學吧。 Since you are free, come and help me with my mathematics.既然你是個男子漢，就不要做這樣的

15、事了。Now that you are a man, you must not do such a thing.3. As 引導附帶說明的“雙方已知的原因”，語氣比since弱，較為正式，位置較為靈活（常放于主句之前）。天還在下雨，你還是乘出租車好了。As it is raining,youd better take a taxi.4. forFor 所引導的原因狀語從句并非用于說明主句行為發(fā)生的直接原因，而是為了提供一些輔助性的補充說明，只能放于主句之后并且必須用逗號將其與主句隔開。e.g: 他不可能見到我，因為當時我并不在那里。He could not have seen me, for

16、I was not there.注意：在強調句型中，強調原因狀語從句時，只可用It is/was because that而不可用since 或 as引導原因狀語從句。由于她媽媽病了，她沒和我們一起去。It was because her mother was ill that she didnt go with us. 還有一些介詞短語也可以表示原因。這類介詞短語有：thanks to, as a result of,because of, due to, owing to 等。e.g: 多虧了你的幫忙，我才通過了測驗。由于戰(zhàn)爭，許多人喪失了生命。 As a result of the wa

17、r,many peoples lives were lost. Thanks to your help, I passed the test.我喜歡這座城市，但我更喜歡鄉(xiāng)村，因為那里有更清新的空氣。I like the city, but I prefer the country in that there is fresher air.注意: 1. before 引導的從句常用句型；It is long before （過了 好久才）It is not long before(過了不久就)2. till/ until (till 一般不放在句首) 持續(xù)性動詞（肯定式）+ until (直到為

18、止)瞬間性動詞（否定式）+until (直到才)強調句型；It is not untilthat I waited until/till he had finished his work.3. since 譯為 自從來since+瞬間性動詞過去式，從該動作發(fā)生時4. 原因狀語從句的連 because/as/since because 引導原因狀語從句，說明直接原因。有時也用于推測性理由表示必然的因果關系?；卮饂hy 只能用because,在because 前可加 only， just等表示強調意義的 詞或否定詞not.在構成強調句型時，只能用 because從句 不能用since或 as 從句

19、。如：2000年來沒有任何人懷疑過他的觀點，僅僅因為他是亞里士多德-偉大的思想家。No one questioned his idea for almost 2000 years only because he wasAristotle, the great thinker.注意：for 可連接并列句，表示原因for 是并列連詞。for只能后置，往往是對前面句子加以說明或補充說明某些事實。 A man cannot smile like a child, _ a child smiles with his eyes, while a man smiles with his lips alone. so B. but C. and D. for2. Why dont you