讓步狀語(yǔ)從句.5課件

1、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句專講一.定義定義：讓步狀語(yǔ)從句是狀語(yǔ)從句中的一種，其本身也是狀語(yǔ)從句。一般翻譯為“盡管”或“即使”，就是我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪杏玫摹巴艘徊秸f(shuō)”的感覺。二.關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞主要有：though和although（雖然，縱然），while, as（雖然.但是.）; even if和even though（即使縱使）; whether.or.(無(wú)論是否或不管是還是); no matter+疑問(wèn)詞（不管都），疑問(wèn)詞-ever，regardless of+名詞/名詞短語(yǔ)/名詞從句，despite和in spite of(盡管). 三.位置讓步狀語(yǔ)從句可以前置，也可以后置；前置時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)主句內(nèi)

2、容，后置時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)從句內(nèi)容。有時(shí)也可以采取中位（插入句中）。 although和though同義，在一般情況下，可以互換使用。只是though較普遍，常用于非正式的口語(yǔ)或書面語(yǔ)中，而although則較為正式。另外although語(yǔ)氣比though重，常用以強(qiáng)調(diào)讓步概念。 Though Although it was raining，we went there. 雖然下著雨，但我們還是去了那兒。四.具體用法1although 和though(雖然，盡管) 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句：Though Although it was barely four oclock, the lights were alr

3、eady on. 盡管才四點(diǎn)鐘，燈已經(jīng)亮了。Though Although we are poor, we are still happy. 我們雖然窮，仍然很快活Though/Although my car is very old, I dont want to buy a new one. 雖然我的汽車很舊，但我不想買一輛新的。 He insisted on doing it although I warned him not to. 雖然我警告他不要做，但他仍然堅(jiān)持要做。 even能和though組合表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，但even不能和although組合。因此，不能說(shuō)even although,

4、在這里even though=even if(no matter if; though即使也) e.g. Even if/Even though we could afford it, we wouldnt go abroad for our vocation.即使我們付得起這筆錢，也不出國(guó)度假。 當(dāng)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句指某種假設(shè)情況時(shí)，通常用though,而不用although。 e.g. Though all the world were against me, I should still hold to my opinion. 就算全世界都反對(duì)我，我還是堅(jiān)持我的立場(chǎng)。 Though every

5、body deserts you, I will not. 即使所有人都拋棄你，我也不會(huì)的。 相同點(diǎn)：在although和though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，主句里不可用but,若要強(qiáng)調(diào)前后兩部分的對(duì)比意義，可在主句前加yet或still。 e.g. Although/Though he has a lot of money, yet/still he is unhappy. 他雖然有很多錢，但并不幸福。 although和though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，常采用省略形式。 e.g. Although tired (=Although he was tired), he kept on worki

6、ng. 雖然很疲勞，但他繼續(xù)工作。 The problem, though complicated(=though it is complicated), can be solved without much difficulty.2even if, even though(即使)和 if 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句：even if 與 even though同義，常用于強(qiáng)調(diào)讓步概念 Ill do it, even if it takes me all the afternoon. Even if you fail, you can try again.注：if 有時(shí)也可以用于讓步含義，但要注意條件i

7、f 與讓步if 的區(qū)別，試比較： If he is poor, how can he buy the house? (條件) If he is poor, he is at least honest. (讓步) (= even if)注意比較下列各句： While I admit his good points, I can see his shortcomings. (讓步) While I understand what you say, I cant agree with you. (讓步) While I was reading, the light went out. (時(shí)間)He

8、is idle, while his brother is diligent. (轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比)4while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句： while (= although),它引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句只能前置，位于句首，如： While I admit that the problems are difficult, I dont agree that they cannot be solved.6whetheror引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句： 這種從句也稱“選擇條件-讓步狀語(yǔ)從句”，可位于主句之前或之后，如： Whether he drives or (whether he) flies, he will be

9、here on time. Whether you like it or not, youll have to do it.We hold that all countries, (whether they are) big or small, (whether they are) rich or poor, should be equal. Whether it rains or snows, I will go tonight. She had to go, whether or not she wanted it.7由連接代詞whoever, whomever, whatever, wh

10、ichever引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句： Whoever (= no matter who) is unwilling to go, I will go. (whoever 既相當(dāng)于連接詞短語(yǔ)no matter 連接主句與從句，又相當(dāng)于疑問(wèn)代詞who) Whomever (= no matter whom) you are dealing with, this method is no good. Whatever (= no matter what) happens, keep calm. Whatever others may say, you are certainly right. Whic

11、hever (= no matter which) you choose, we have no objection.8由連接形容詞whatever 或whichever 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，如： Whatever (= no matter what) difficulties may arise, we must and can overcome them one by one. (whatever 既相當(dāng)于no matter 連接主句與從句，又相當(dāng)于疑問(wèn)形容詞what 修飾名詞difficulties。) Whichever (= no matter which) room is assi

12、gned to him, he will have no objection. Whichever method you use, the result is much the same.10注意以上幾種結(jié)構(gòu)的省略形式： However difficult the task (may be), it will be fulfilled on time. However great the difficulties (may be), we will never retreat. Whatever the difficulties (may be), they must and can be o

13、vercome.11由whenever, wherever 引導(dǎo)的從句，同時(shí)也分別是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句，這里作為讓步狀語(yǔ)從句來(lái)看待，是強(qiáng)調(diào)它們帶有no matter when, no matter where 的含義。在口語(yǔ)中用no matter +wh- 結(jié)構(gòu)比較常見。例如：No matter when and how the invaders come, they will be wiped out clean.It is true, no matter what you may say. (可置于主句之后)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞：1. Because because 表示直接原因，

14、語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，because所引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句通常位于主句之后，because所引導(dǎo)的句子還常用于回答why引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句。e.g: I do it because I like it.2. since/now that。通常譯為“既然”，表示已知的顯然的理由，語(yǔ)氣比 because 弱，較為正式；now that，更突出事實(shí)本身。 Since 和now that 所引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句一般位于主句之前。e.g: 既然你比較空閑，那就幫我補(bǔ)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)吧。 Since you are free, come and help me with my mathematics.既然你是個(gè)男子漢，就不要做這樣的

15、事了。Now that you are a man, you must not do such a thing.3. As 引導(dǎo)附帶說(shuō)明的“雙方已知的原因”，語(yǔ)氣比since弱，較為正式，位置較為靈活（常放于主句之前）。天還在下雨，你還是乘出租車好了。As it is raining,youd better take a taxi.4. forFor 所引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句并非用于說(shuō)明主句行為發(fā)生的直接原因，而是為了提供一些輔助性的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，只能放于主句之后并且必須用逗號(hào)將其與主句隔開。e.g: 他不可能見到我，因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)我并不在那里。He could not have seen me, for

16、I was not there.注意：在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中，強(qiáng)調(diào)原因狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只可用It is/was because that而不可用since 或 as引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。由于她媽媽病了，她沒和我們一起去。It was because her mother was ill that she didnt go with us. 還有一些介詞短語(yǔ)也可以表示原因。這類介詞短語(yǔ)有：thanks to, as a result of,because of, due to, owing to 等。e.g: 多虧了你的幫忙，我才通過(guò)了測(cè)驗(yàn)。由于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，許多人喪失了生命。 As a result of the wa

17、r,many peoples lives were lost. Thanks to your help, I passed the test.我喜歡這座城市，但我更喜歡鄉(xiāng)村，因?yàn)槟抢镉懈逍碌目諝?。I like the city, but I prefer the country in that there is fresher air.注意: 1. before 引導(dǎo)的從句常用句型；It is long before （過(guò)了 好久才）It is not long before(過(guò)了不久就)2. till/ until (till 一般不放在句首) 持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（肯定式）+ until (直到為

18、止)瞬間性動(dòng)詞（否定式）+until (直到才)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型；It is not untilthat I waited until/till he had finished his work.3. since 譯為 自從來(lái)since+瞬間性動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式，從該動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)4. 原因狀語(yǔ)從句的連 because/as/since because 引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，說(shuō)明直接原因。有時(shí)也用于推測(cè)性理由表示必然的因果關(guān)系?；卮饂hy 只能用because,在because 前可加 only， just等表示強(qiáng)調(diào)意義的 詞或否定詞not.在構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型時(shí)，只能用 because從句 不能用since或 as 從句

19、。如：2000年來(lái)沒有任何人懷疑過(guò)他的觀點(diǎn)，僅僅因?yàn)樗莵喞锸慷嗟?偉大的思想家。No one questioned his idea for almost 2000 years only because he wasAristotle, the great thinker.注意：for 可連接并列句，表示原因for 是并列連詞。for只能后置，往往是對(duì)前面句子加以說(shuō)明或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明某些事實(shí)。 A man cannot smile like a child, _ a child smiles with his eyes, while a man smiles with his lips alone. so B. but C. and D. for2. Why dont you