word精品2022年山東省日照市新營教育集團(tuán)三校聯(lián)考中考一模英語試題（附答案）

1、20212022年度下學(xué)期期中檢測題初三英語試題一、完形填空Friends play an important role in our life. Most people hope that their friends will always be there. They _1_ friendship to last forever. _2_, even the best friendship can end.As time goes by, many friendships end because of a(n) _3_ in personality or way of life. The

2、friendship slowly loses importance and finally _4_. Tommy wrote, “I didnt even know the friendship was over until I caught myself thinking of Alan as a former friend.”Peter explained, “We _5_ seeing each other less and less. The friendship was over.”Sometimes friendships _6_ suddenly from a disagree

3、ment or moving to another place.Alice said “The end of our friendship was a gradual thing. I moved from one side of the city to the other. Since then we _7_ made a phone call. We met less and less. At last our friendship ended.”Jack said, “When I moved to Seattle after college, our friendship died.

4、Both of us were always _8_ with new jobs, so we didnt keep _9_ touch with each other. Our friendship was so dead that I didnt call him _10_ I went home.”Yet the biggest problem to a friendship is change. Lillian Rubin in her book Just Friends says, “Generally its _11_ that friends will accept each o

5、ther if they both remain what they were when they met, or change in similar directions. If they change or grow in different ways, the friendship most likely _12_ lost.”No matter why, when, or how friendship ends, there is always _13_ pain of loss. When nothing can be _14_ to keep the friendship, it

6、is important to forget the pain. Then move on _15_ new friendships.May new friendships bring you pleasure and happiness!1. A. hopeB. expectC. decideD. prefer2. A. UnfortunatelyB. LuckilyC. ThenD. So3. A. interestB. experienceC. changeD. suggestion4. A. forgetsB. disappearsC. appearsD. improves5. A.

7、finishedB. practisedC. continuedD. started6. A. break downB. break awayC. break offD. break in7. A. oftenB. seldomC. alwaysD. never8. A. strugglingB. satisfyingC. pleasedD. fed9. A. atB. byC. onD. in10. A. even ifB. whileC. beforeD. since11. A. strangeB. trueC. falseD. impossible12. A. will beB. isC

8、. willD. to be13. A. littleB. someC. anyD. no14. A. thoughtB. checkedC. carriedD. done15. A. to ask forB. formingC. to buildD. beginning【115題答案】【答案】1. B2. A3. C4. B5. D6. C7. B8. A9. D10. A11. B12. A13. B14. D15. C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文介紹朋友在我們的生活中扮演重要的作用。大多數(shù)人希望友誼天長地久。但是，即使最美好的友誼也可能會(huì)結(jié)束。當(dāng)我們的友誼結(jié)束時(shí)，最好的辦法是忘記痛苦，并努力開始

9、去尋找新的友誼?！?題詳解】句意：他們期望友誼永存。hope希望；expect期望；decide決定；prefer更喜歡。由上文“Most people hope that their friends will always be there.”可知，多數(shù)人希望他們的朋友永遠(yuǎn)在那里，故可知此處應(yīng)為他們期望友誼長存。故選B?！?題詳解】句意：不幸的是，即使是最好的友誼也會(huì)結(jié)束。Unfortunately不幸的是；Luckily幸運(yùn)的是；Then然后；So因此。上文“他們期望友誼永存”和下文“即使是最好的友誼也會(huì)結(jié)束”發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)折，故此處應(yīng)用Unfortunately表達(dá)友誼會(huì)結(jié)束。故選A?！?題詳

10、解】句意：隨著時(shí)間的流逝，許多友誼因?yàn)閭€(gè)性或生活方式的改變而結(jié)束。interest興趣；experience經(jīng)歷；change改變；suggestion建議。由下文“Yet the biggest problem to a friendship is change.”可知，友誼會(huì)因?yàn)閭€(gè)性或生活方式的改變而結(jié)束。故選C?！?題詳解】句意：友誼慢慢地失去重要性，最后消失。forgets忘記；disappears消失；appears出現(xiàn)；improves提高。由下文“The friendship was over.”可知，友誼會(huì)慢慢的失去重要性，導(dǎo)致結(jié)束并消失。故選B?！?題詳解】句意：我們開始見面

11、的次數(shù)越來越少。finished結(jié)束；practiced練習(xí)；continued繼續(xù)；started開始。由“Weseeing each other less and less. The friendship was over.”可知，此處介紹一段友誼漸變的過程，大都是從開始的疏離、不聯(lián)系到最后的結(jié)束。故選D?！?題詳解】句意：有時(shí)，友誼會(huì)因?yàn)橐庖姴缓匣虬岬搅硪粋€(gè)地方而突然中斷。break down出故障；break away脫離；break off中斷，突然停止；break in闖入。由“Sometimes friendships.suddenly from a disagreement o

12、r moving to another place.”可知，此處指搬到另一個(gè)地方，友誼會(huì)因?yàn)橐庖姴缓匣虬岬搅硪粋€(gè)地方而突然中斷。故選C?！?題詳解】句意：從那以后我們很少打電話。often經(jīng)常；seldom很少；always總是；never從不。由“The end of our friendship was a gradual thingWe met less and less.”可知，此處應(yīng)為愛麗絲的友誼是慢慢結(jié)束的，自從她搬家之后就很少和朋友打電話，見面也越來越少。故選B。【8題詳解】句意：我們兩個(gè)都在為新工作而奮斗，所以我們彼此都沒有聯(lián)系。struggling掙扎；satisfying滿

13、意；pleased高興；fed飼養(yǎng)。由“Both of us were alwayswith new jobs”可知，此處應(yīng)為我們?yōu)樾鹿ぷ鞫鴬^斗；struggle with sth.“與斗爭，奮斗”，固定短語。故選A。【9題詳解】句意：我們兩個(gè)都在為新工作而奮斗，所以我們彼此都沒有聯(lián)系。at在；by通過；on在上；in在里。由“so we didnt keeptouch with each other”可知，此處應(yīng)為keep in touch with“與保持聯(lián)系”。故選D?！?0題詳解】句意：我們之間的友誼已經(jīng)斷絕了，即使回家我也沒給他打電話。even if即使；while當(dāng)時(shí)；before

14、在之前；since自從。由“Our friendship was so dead that I didnt call himI went home.”可知，此處應(yīng)為我們的友誼已經(jīng)結(jié)束，即使我回了家也沒和他打電話，故用even if引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。故選A?！?1題詳解】句意：一般來說，如果朋友們都保持相識時(shí)的樣子，或者朝著相似的方向改變，他們就會(huì)接受對方。strange奇怪的；true真實(shí)的；false錯(cuò)誤的；impossible不可能的。由“friends will accept each other if they both remain what they were when they

15、met, or change in similar directions”可知，朋友如果能保持相遇時(shí)的狀態(tài)或者朝著相同的方向改變，他們就會(huì)接受對方，這是一個(gè)真實(shí)的情況，故此處應(yīng)為its true that。故選B?！?2題詳解】句意：如果他們以不同的方式改變或成長，這段友誼很可能會(huì)失去。will be將會(huì)是，一般將來時(shí)態(tài)；is是，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)；will將，助動(dòng)詞；to be動(dòng)詞不定式。由“If they change or grow in different ways, the friendship most likelylost.”可知，本句為if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，從句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，則主句

16、應(yīng)為一般將來時(shí)；句中l(wèi)ost“失去的”為形容詞，故此處應(yīng)為will be。故選A?！?3題詳解】句意：無論友誼為什么結(jié)束，何時(shí)結(jié)束，以何種方式結(jié)束，總會(huì)有失去的痛苦。little少的；some一些，一般用于肯定句中；any一些，一般用于否定句或疑問句中；no沒有。由“there is alwayspain of loss.”可知，失去友誼總是會(huì)有一些痛苦，故用some作定語修飾名詞pain。故選B?！?4題詳解】句意：當(dāng)沒有什么可以維持友誼的時(shí)候，忘記痛苦是很重要的。thought認(rèn)為；checked檢查；carried攜帶；done做。由“When nothing can beto keep

17、 the friendship”可知，此處應(yīng)為沒有什么可以做得來維持友誼，即nothing can be done to。故選D?！?5題詳解】句意：然后繼續(xù)建立新的友誼。to ask for要求；forming形成；to build建立；beginning開始。由“Then move onnew friendships.”可知，move on to do sth.“繼續(xù)做某事”，其后應(yīng)接動(dòng)詞不定式，此處應(yīng)為繼續(xù)建立新的友誼。故選C。二、閱讀單選ASummerCulture“What is your teen doing this summer?”Welcome a student from

18、France or Spain into your family!Host a student from Spain or France and experience his/her life and culture.Exchange students from Spain and France are looking for welcoming warm, fun and loving hosts who will share life and culture with them for a few weeks in June, July and August. Stays can be f

19、rom 3 to 6 weeks.What to do with your exchange studentMovies / Museums / Beach / Cooking / Baking / Community projects /Volunteering / Hanging out / Shopping / Disneyland/ anything you can think of.Requirements to host:Loving, active, outgoing familyOne stay-at-home. Or part-time host parentTeen in

20、the home within 4 years of age of the exchange studentWilling to take students to places or interest once a week(maybe visiting them next summer at their home countries)If you are interested and would like more information, please contact:Shirley Wentzell 909-918-6715Email: Shirley 16. Exchange stud

21、ents from France or Spain will possibly stay for _ in host families.A. 1 yearB. 5 weeksC. 2 monthsD. 10 days17. According to the passage, we can learn that _.A. teens in host families can experience different cultureB. exchange students have to cook dinner by themselvesC. parents in a host family sh

22、ould have full-time jobsD. exchange students will come back next summer18. The text above is probably a _.A. letterB. noticeC. posterD. diary【1618題答案】【答案】16. B17. D18. C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一個(gè)海報(bào)，講述西班牙和法國的交換生要找寄宿家庭并介紹對寄宿家庭的要求，也許會(huì)有機(jī)會(huì)明年暑假去他們的國家?！?6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Stays can be from 3 to 6 weeks.”可知，來自法國和西班牙的交換生可能會(huì)在寄

23、宿家庭停留3-6周，故選B?！?7題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Host a student from Spain or France and experience his/her life and culture.”可知，寄宿家庭中的青少年可以體驗(yàn)到不同的文化。故選D。【18題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“SUMMER culture”以及全文可知，講述西班牙和法國的交換生要找寄宿家庭并介紹對寄宿家庭的要求，是一個(gè)海報(bào)，故選C。ARecently whenever I turned on my computer or my mobile phone, news about the great effe

24、ct of Hurricane Harvey on thousands of people caught my eyes. We saw many unfortunate events. However, there were also the bright news that confirmed the goodness of mankind. As a journalist, I wrote many human interesting stories during my career. Thats why the story about the guys in the bakery ca

25、ught my eyes.When the staff at a Mexican bakery chain in Houston were trapped inside the building for two days, they didnt sit there feeling sorry for themselves. They used their time wisely after flooding caused by Hurricane Harvey. While they were waiting for the eventual rescue that came on Monda

26、y morning, four decided to make as many loaves of bread as possible for their community.The flood water rose in the street outside. They took advantage of their emergency power supply to bake bread. They used more than 4200 pounds of flour to create hundreds of loaves and sheets of sweet bread. Alth

27、ough the water kept rising, they continued baking to help more people. By the time the owner managed to get to them, they had made so much bread that we took the loaves to loads of emergency centers across the city for people affected by the floods.The store manager, Brian Alvarado, told The Indepen

28、dent, ”Whenever a disaster occurs, nobody should just feel forlorn. Instead, we should take positive action to save ourselves and help others. Our acts of kindness will make a big difference.”19. What did the bakery store workers do after flooding caused by Hurricane Harvey?A. They volunteered to ma

29、ke bread for their community.B. They managed to live by selling more bread in the store.C. They felt sorry that they couldnt escape from the store.D. They ate nothing but to wait for their community to rescue them.20. Which of the following best explains “forlorn” underlined in the last paragraph?A.

30、 Fortunate.B. Hopeful.C. Shallow.D. Desperate.21. What can we infer from the text?A. Alvarado organized his workers to bake much bread.B. Hurricane Harvey caused a power failure in Houston.C. The staff in the bakery sent enough flour to emergency centers.D. The author preferred to write stories abou

31、t people facing disasters.22. What can be the best title for the text?A. A Popular Mexican Bakery Chain in HoustonB. Wait for the Eventual Rescue in a Big DisasterC. All Kinds of Disasters Caused by Hurricane Harvey in HoustonD. Bake Bread to Make a Difference in Face of Hurricane Harvey【1922題答案】【答案

32、】19. A20. D21. B22. D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了颶風(fēng)哈維對成千上萬的人造成了影響，但面包店通過烘焙面包改變了局面?！?9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“While they were waiting for the eventual rescue that came on Monday morning, four decided to make as many loaves of bread as possible for their community.”可知，他們?yōu)樗麄兊纳鐓^(qū)做盡可能多的面包，故選A?！?0題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)“Whenever a disaster

33、occurs, nobody should just feel forlorn.”和“Instead, we should take positive action to save ourselves and help others.”可知，災(zāi)難發(fā)生時(shí)，應(yīng)該采取積極的行動(dòng)來拯救自己和幫助別人，而不是感到絕望，因此“forlorn”與“Desperate”同義，故選D?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“They took advantage of their emergency power supply to bake bread.”可知，他們利用應(yīng)急電源烤面包，可推知颶風(fēng)引起了停電，故選B?！?

34、2題詳解】最佳標(biāo)題題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講述了颶風(fēng)哈維對成千上萬的人造成了影響，但面包店通過烘焙面包改變了局面，故選D。CA zero-waste life is a lifestyle that hardly creates any rubbish. So, a zero-waste store is about providing a kind of everyday and pleasant-looking zero-waste products to help people start on a zero-waste life journey. “Zero waste” or

35、“danshari” was first suggested by a French woman called Bea Johnson. Her idea is: live a life and try not to create any rubbish; use different kinds of ways to save the environment such as stopping the use of one-off objects; giving unwanted things to others or giving them away to organizations like

36、 the Red Cross. Yu Yuan, 27, is deeply interested in this idea. She and her boyfriend have lived in Beijing for many years. And earlier she used to buy things without thinking about them carefully until she saw a video about “zero waste”, in which a family of four placed the rubbish they produced ev

37、ery year in a jar (罐). After watching the video, Yu wanted to experience this zero-waste lifestyle with her boyfriend. A zero-waste life follows the 6R ruleRefuse Reduce, Reuse, Repair, Recycle and Rot. Over AugustOctober when Yu followed the rule of zero waste 6R, she and her boyfriend Joe Harvey b

38、oth produced only two cans of rubbish. Now, the couple have opened a small shop in Beijing, where they use wood products to take the place of plastic ones and cloth bags printed with environmentally friendly logos. Most products sold in the store can be reused. The store also has second-hand books a

39、nd CDs/DVDs with ideas to make the best of the used things. “Those who once experienced the non-waste lifestyle have slowly changed their ideas,” says Ya, “The zero-waste lifestyle is not for ascetics (苦行僧). It is just around us at our finger-tips.” Yu expects some of her friends to join her on the

40、road to zero waste.23. Bea Johnson suggests that people should _A. work hard for the Red CrossB. share objects with othersC. Help their friends live comfortablyD. try to produce no rubbish in life24. We can see from the passage that Yu Yuan _.A. offers plastic bags in her storeB. is influenced by th

41、e 6R ruleC. often buys things she doesnt needD. likes listening to CDs very much25. What Yu Yuan says in the last paragraph probably means that _.A. lots of people doubt the zero-waste lifestyleB. she feels it hard to continue her lifestyleC. her friends have followed her lifestyleD. the zero-waste

42、lifestyle is not difficult to live26. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Opening up a second-hand store.B. Recycling waste.C. Saving the environment.D. Joining the couple.【2326題答案】【答案】23. D24. B25. D26. C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，通過實(shí)例介紹了一種新型的生活方式零浪費(fèi)生活方式?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Her idea is: l

43、ive a life and try not to create any rubbish”可知，她的建議是在生活中盡量不產(chǎn)生垃圾，故選D。24題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Over AugustOctober when Yu followed the rule of zero waste 6R, she and her boyfriend Joe Harvey both produced only two cans of rubbish.”可知，當(dāng)余遵循“零浪費(fèi)”的6R規(guī)則時(shí)，她和她的男朋友喬哈維都只生產(chǎn)了兩罐垃圾。所以她是個(gè)被6R原則影響的人，故選B?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“The ze

44、ro-waste lifestyle is not for ascetics (苦行僧). It is just around us at our finger-tips.”可知，零浪費(fèi)生活方式就在我們的身邊，所以“零浪費(fèi)”的生活方式并不難，故選D?！?6題詳解】最佳標(biāo)題題。本文介紹了“零浪費(fèi)”的生活方式就是在生活中盡量不產(chǎn)生垃圾，也就是保護(hù)我們的環(huán)境。選項(xiàng)C是本文最佳標(biāo)題，故選C。DWhat makes us who we are? This question has two different answers. One is the environment that surrounds u

45、s when we grow up and the other is our genes（基因）. In English this is called the “nature vs nurture debate（辯論）”. Nature means genes and nurture means environment including the people around you.There is a famous saying: “Give me a child until the age of 7 and Ill show you the man.” Now there is a sci

46、entific research to support this famous saying.They watched small birds in new environments and wrote down how much they explored（探索）. Birds that grew up with very outgoing birds were more outgoing themselves. Scientists at the universities of Exeter UK and Hamburg Germany did studies on birds. They

47、 found that their personalities（個(gè)性） were affected most by the birds around them when they grew upmore so than genes.Nick Royle from the University of Exeter in the UK said the research was surprising because it shows that “for these birds personality is mainly determined（決定） by environment.” However

48、 human personalities are a lot more complicated than birds so there is much we still dont know. The nature vs nurture debate will continue for a long time if not forever.27. The famous saying in the passage tells us _.A. a 7-year-old children dont know muchB. the nurturing period plays a part in one

49、s lifeC. how to raise a child in a good wayD. nature makes us who are28. Nick Royle is a(n) _ scientist.A. AmericanB. BritishC. GermanD. Chinese29. What does the underlined word “complicated” mean?A. 有趣的B. 類似的C. 復(fù)雜的30. Which is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A. The environment and genes affect ou

50、r personality.B. The scientists are sure that the environment influences the human personality more than the genes do.C. The nurture means the environment.【2730題答案】【答案】27. B28. B29. C30. B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文主要討論人的成長是基因重要還是環(huán)境重要，列出了各自的觀點(diǎn)和專家們調(diào)查研究的結(jié)果。通過科學(xué)家研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，有實(shí)驗(yàn)證明是先天的基因重要，有的實(shí)驗(yàn)證明是后天的環(huán)境重要，面對兩種對立的說法，現(xiàn)在還沒有一個(gè)最終的結(jié)論。

51、【27題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Give me a child until the age of 7 and Ill show you the man.”可知，七歲看到老，由此推知養(yǎng)育期在人的一生中起著重要的作用。故選B?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Nick Royle from the University of Exeter in the UK”可知，Nick Royle來自英國，故選B?！?9題詳解】詞義猜測題。分析“However human personalities are a lot more complicated than birds so there is much w

52、e still dont know.”可知，人類的性格比鳥類復(fù)雜得多，所以還有很多我們不知道的。此處complicated的意思是“復(fù)雜的”，故選C?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“The nature vs nurture debate will continue for a long time if not forever.”可知，先天與后天的爭論即使不是永遠(yuǎn)也會(huì)持續(xù)很長一段時(shí)間。選項(xiàng)B“科學(xué)家們確信環(huán)境比基因更能影響人的性格”表述錯(cuò)誤，故選B。 三、詞匯31. It is _（難以置信的）that you can run so fast.【31題答案】【答案】unbelievable#i

53、ncredible【解析】【詳解】句意：你能跑得這么快真是難以置信。unbelievable/incredible“難以置信的”，在句中作表語，故填unbelievable/incredible。32. The students studying abroad had to make a c_ whether to return or to stay.【32題答案】【答案】choice【解析】【詳解】句意：在國外學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生必須做出是回國還是留下的選擇。根據(jù)空后“whether to return or to stay”表示“回來還是留下”，可知是要做出選擇，結(jié)合首字母c可知此處用make a

54、choice表示“做出選擇”。故填choice。33. To be _（誠實(shí)）, the house is out of style. I really dont like it.【33題答案】【答案】honest【解析】【詳解】句意：老實(shí)說，這房子已經(jīng)過時(shí)了。我真的不喜歡它。to be honest“老實(shí)說”，固定短語，故填honest。34. Sorry, Ive f_ your telephone number. Could you please tell me again?【34題答案】【答案】(f)orgotten【解析】【詳解】句意：對不起，我忘了你的電話號碼。你能再告訴我一遍嗎？

55、根據(jù)“Ive f.your telephone number. Could you please tell me again?”可知，忘了電話號碼，所以請對方再告訴一遍，根據(jù)“Ive”可知，時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用過去分詞forgotten。故填(f)orgotten。35. The shop is open every day e_ Sundays.【35題答案】【答案】except【解析】【詳解】句意：除了星期天，這個(gè)商店每天都營業(yè)。根據(jù)題干，結(jié)合所給出的首字母提示，可知此處表達(dá)的是“除之外”，結(jié)合首字母e,知英文表達(dá)是except，介詞，故答案為except。36. The popula

56、tion of China is _（增長）more slowly than before.【36題答案】【答案】increasing【解析】【詳解】句意：中國的人口增長比以前慢。根據(jù)中文提示可知，increase“增長”，結(jié)合“is”，需要現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，increase的現(xiàn)在分詞是increasing，故填increasing。37. Mary is a_ from class today because she is ill in hospital.【37題答案】【答案】(a)bsent【解析】【詳解】句意：瑪麗今天缺課了，因?yàn)樗≡毫?。根?jù)“because she is ill

57、 in hospital.”可知，她缺課了，be absent from class曠課。故填(a)bsent。38. Sally became a member of the company after the job _.（面試）【38題答案】【答案】interview【解析】【詳解】句意：Sally面試后成為了公司的一員。根據(jù)中文提示可知，interview“面試”，前有the，特指此次面試，因此此處用單數(shù)形式，故填interview。39. Bad news s_ faster.【39題答案】【答案】(s)preads【解析】【詳解】句意：壞消息傳播得更快。根據(jù)“Bad news s.

58、faster.”可知，此處指壞消息傳播，spread“傳播”，時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語是不可數(shù)名詞，動(dòng)詞用三單，故填(s)preads。40. Nowadays many farmers can a_ to buy a house in the city.【40題答案】【答案】(a)fford【解析】【詳解】句意：現(xiàn)在許多農(nóng)民在城里買得起房子。根據(jù)“to buy a house in the city”及首字母提示可知，此處指的是afford“買得起”，空格前有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can，后接動(dòng)詞原形，故填(a)fford。四、語篇填空I was nine years old when I learnt t

59、o ride a bike. The bike was _41_ birthday present from my uncle. You can imagine how excited I was when I saw the bike and I begged my uncle to teach me how _42_ (ride) it right away. However, before I got on the bike, I felt _43_ (extreme) nervous and I was afraid that I would fall off and hurt _44

60、_ (me). My uncle held onto the seat and helped me to get _45_ the bike. While I was riding, he was running along beside me, holding the seat _46_ I would not fall over. I was so _47_ (thank) to him for his help. As I was practicing, I became more and more confident. Then, I heard my uncle _48_ (shou