生詞詞義 完整版課件

1、如何猜測生詞的詞義由于近年來高考英語的閱讀理解在許多情況下對考綱外的生詞不夾注中文，尤其是高考英語還經(jīng)常直接對猜測生詞詞義設(shè)題，有時(shí)甚至還占有較高比例1999年全國高考題就有第55、57、58、64、69等小題是直接考查猜測生詞詞義的所以考生學(xué)會(huì)如何巧妙地根據(jù)文章所提供信息來猜測生詞是很有必要的。下面介紹幾種常見的猜測生詞詞義的方法。1、定義法。即使根據(jù)文章中的定義關(guān)系確定生詞的詞義。如：(1)A glacier is a river of ice.句意表明glacier的意思是“冰河”。(2)A linguist is a person who studies the science of

2、language.Linguist 就是一個(gè)“研究語言科學(xué)的人”，即“語言學(xué)家”。2、釋義法。即根據(jù)文章中所提供的釋義關(guān)系來確定生詞的詞義。如：(1)They described him as a loon, or a mad man.句中的or是對loon的解釋，即loon與a mad man 同義，即表示“瘋子”。(2)It will be very hard but also very brittle, that is ,it will break easily.句中的that is 表明 it will break easily是對brittle的解釋，從而猜測出其意為“脆”。(3)T

3、he herdsman, who looks after sheep ,earns about 500 yuan a year.定語從句who looks after sheep 表明herdsman的詞義為“牧人”。(4)There are three kinds of snow. One kind is a fluffy snow that is somewhat dry and feathery.定語從句that is somewhat dry and feathery (有點(diǎn)兒干、像羽毛似的）表明fluffy snow 的意思可能是“鵝毛大雪”。3、同位法。同位語是對所修飾詞語的進(jìn)一步

4、說明和解釋。若對所修飾的詞語不熟悉，可通過其后同位語的“說明或解釋”來確定其詞義。如：(1)His father is an expert in phonetics ,the study of the sounds of language.同位語the study of the sounds of lantuage 表示phonetics的意思應(yīng)該是“語音學(xué)”。(2)Jean was born with spine bifida, a birth illness that damages the spine （脊骨）。同位語a birth illness that damages the sp

5、ine 表明了spine bifida 是一種病，一種對脊骨有損害的病。4、對比法。即根據(jù)文章前后的對比關(guān)系確定生詞的詞義。如：(1)He had been getting better, but during the night his condition deteriorated.句中的but 表明 deteriorate應(yīng)該與get better的意思相反，即“惡化”。(2)In many countries there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth.上文說兩個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)上的極端，那么下文中penury應(yīng)與gre

6、at wealth相對，即表示“貧困”，(3)Mrs. Smith is loquacious while her husband is the silent type.while表對比，意為“而”，所以loquacious應(yīng)是silent的反義，即“多嘴的”。(4)If you agree ,draw a circle ,and a cross if you dissent.既然畫圈表示同意，那么畫叉便是“不同意”(dissent).5、構(gòu)詞法。即根據(jù)前綴、后綴、復(fù)合、派生等構(gòu)詞知識(shí)判斷生詞的詞義。如：(1)Overwork may cause diseases.前綴over-的意思是“過分

7、的、過量的”故overwork的意思應(yīng)為“工作過度”。(2)There was a dissatisfied look in the managers eyes.satisfied的意思是“滿意的”，前綴dis-的意思是“不”，故dissatisfied的意思應(yīng)該是“不滿意的”。6、語境法。即根據(jù)上下文的語境來猜測生詞的詞義。如：The official asked the man what his occupation was .The man told him that he worked as an engineer.從這個(gè)答語中的work as an engineer可知，occupa

8、tion的意思可能是“職業(yè)”。7、列舉法。即通過對文章所列舉的事物來猜測生詞的詞義。如：(1)Children like such creatures as dogs and monkeys.像dogs 和monkeys之類的creatures, creatures的意思應(yīng)是“動(dòng)物”，(2)In your spare time ,you may look through any of these periodicals: Time Magazine, News Week ,or The New Worker.periodical是生詞，但根據(jù)其后所列舉的例子，我們要以推測出它的意思可能是“期刊

9、”或“雜志”。8、常識(shí)法。即根據(jù)普通常識(shí)推測生詞的詞義。如：(1)Its said that Bill Gates is the most affluent person in the world.根據(jù)常識(shí)，Bill Gates 為世界首富，所以affluent可能是“富有的”。(2)As a scientist ,Edison is very famous for his contrivances.根據(jù)常識(shí)Edison為發(fā)明大王，他應(yīng)因“發(fā)明”而聞名于世。故contrivances應(yīng)為“發(fā)明”之意。9、類屬法。即通過類屬來推測詞義。如；Bananas, oranges ,pineapples

10、, coconuts and some other kinds of fruit grow in warm areas.從句意我們知道pineapples和coconuts與bananas, oranges 是同類事物，同屬水果（準(zhǔn)確地說是“菠蘿”和“椰子”）。10、推理法。即根據(jù)文章的前后語境推出生詞的詞義。如：(1)That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.既然一天之內(nèi)看不完所有的展品，那么immense的意思應(yīng)該是“很大”(2)Everyone agree

11、d that woman in the photo was gorgeous. lt was easy to see why she had won the beauty contest.既然“她在選美比賽中獲勝”，說明她“很麗”(gorgeous). Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten (咬)by snakes.It was seeing people with snake bites (傷口) that led me to this career, he said.In 1963, after his army service

12、, Shu entered a medical school and later became a doctor of Chinese medicine. As part of his studies he had to work in the mountains. There he often heard of people who had their arms and legs cut off after a snake bite in order to save their lives.I was greatly upset by the story of an old farmer I

13、 met .It was a very hot afternoon. The old man was pulling grass in his fields when he felt a pain in his left hand. He at once realized he had been bitten by a poisonous snake. In no time he wrapped a cloth tightly around his arm to stop the poison spreading to his heart. Rushing home he shouted,Bring me the knife Minutes later the man lost his arm forever.The sad story touched me so muc