高中英語 154Lesson 4 Understanding課件 北師大必修5

1、2021/8/11 星期三1Lesson 4Understanding2021/8/11 星期三22021/8/11 星期三3.短語翻譯把下列短語譯成英語。1習(xí)慣于_2贊成，贊許 _3傾向于，經(jīng)常做 _4總的來說 _5算出來，可以解決 _6以為基礎(chǔ) _7提出 _2021/8/11 星期三48把某人投進(jìn)監(jiān)獄 _9換句話說 _10對(duì)有益 _答案：1.be/get accustomed to2.approve of3.tend to4as a whole5.work out6.be based on7.put forward8.put sb.in prison9.in other words10.b

2、e beneficial to2021/8/11 星期三5.課文理解閱讀文章The Importance of Lifelong Learning，選擇正確答案。11What is the first step to acquire knowledge and understanding?ATo find answers.BTo study the facts.CTo test answers. DTo put forward questions.解析：根據(jù)第一段“To start with.Then.After that.”等描述可以看出，獲取知識(shí)和理解的第一步是“提出問題”。答案：D202

3、1/8/11 星期三612Who solve/solved problems by thinking and analyzing according to the passage?APeople nowadays.BPeople in the 17th century.CModern scientists and thinkers.DThe great philosopher Aristotle.解析：從第一段最后可知，現(xiàn)代科學(xué)家和思想家仍然通過思考和分析解決問題。答案：C2021/8/11 星期三713People in the 17th century didnt believe Gali

4、leo Galilei because_.Athey believed more in religionBthe Earth was standing stillCBacon put forward the view that the Earth must be the center of the universeDGalilei couldnt prove his view that the Earth was not the center of the universe解析：從第二段中間可知，那時(shí)人們相信宗教而不相信事實(shí)，所以答案為A項(xiàng)。答案：A2021/8/11 星期三814Whats

5、the aim of the writer when Aristotle and Galilei are referred to in the fourth paragraph?AAristotle was wrong.BIts unbelievable for great men to be wrong.CGalilei was wrong.DEveryone can be wrong at times.解析：作者在第四段提到兩個(gè)人都犯過錯(cuò)誤，目的在于說明人人都有可能犯錯(cuò)誤。答案：D2021/8/11 星期三915Whats the main idea of the sentence “Al

6、l truths are easy to understand once they are discovered；the point is to discover them.”？AAll truths are easy to discover.BIts most important to discover truths.CIts more important to understand truths than to discover them.DIf we want to discover truths，we should first understand them.解析：文章最后伽利略的話旨

7、在說明發(fā)現(xiàn)真理是最重要的，“一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)了真理，理解就容易了”。答案：B2021/8/11 星期三102021/8/11 星期三11 It seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding. (教材P42)我們?nèi)绾潍@取知識(shí)和理解現(xiàn)在似乎很顯而易見。歸納acquire vt.獲得，得到She has acquired a good knowledge of English.她英語掌握得非常好。He has acquired a reputation for dishonesty.他落得了奸詐的名聲。2021/8/11 星期三12

8、比較：acquire，obtain與gainacquire多用于通過不斷地學(xué)、問等慢慢地獲取知識(shí)、技術(shù)等較抽象的東西。obtain表示經(jīng)過相當(dāng)長的時(shí)間或很大的努力而獲得期望已久的東西。gain含義較obtain更進(jìn)一層，表示付出更大的努力才能獲得，常意為“贏得”。2021/8/11 星期三13應(yīng)用1.用gain，acquire與obtain的適當(dāng)形式填空(1)He_his living as a teacher.(2)You must work hard to_a good command of English.(3)I havent been able to_that record anyw

9、here.答案：(1)gained(2)acquire(3)obtain2021/8/11 星期三14Although today we are more accustomed to typing a few key words into a search engine.(教材P42)盡管我們現(xiàn)在更習(xí)慣于在搜索引擎打進(jìn)幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞歸納be/get accustomed to習(xí)慣于My eyes slowly were accustomed to the dark.我的眼睛逐漸適應(yīng)了黑暗。提示：be accustomed to 中的to為介詞，后面跟動(dòng)詞的ing形式與be used to用法相同。

10、I am not accustomed to walking long distances.我不習(xí)慣于長距離的步行。2021/8/11 星期三15應(yīng)用2.單句改錯(cuò)(1)She was a person accustomed to have eight hourssleep a night._(2)He was accustomed for sleeping for an hour after his lunch._答案：(1)havehaving(2)第一個(gè)for改為to2021/8/11 星期三16However，in the 17th century when Francis Bacon

11、suggested that this type of thinking was the way to gain knowledge，he was going against the views of the day.(教材P42)然而，在17世紀(jì)，在弗蘭西斯培根提出這種思考方式是獲取知識(shí)的方式時(shí)，他背離了當(dāng)時(shí)的觀念。歸納however adv.然而；不過(常和逗號(hào)連用，于but同義。)He hasnt arrived.He may，however，come later.他還未到，不過，他可能過一會(huì)兒來。拓展however adv.(no matter how)無論到什么程度，不管多少The

12、little girl always arrives on time however cold it is.無論天有多冷，小女孩總是按時(shí)到達(dá)。2021/8/11 星期三17提示：go against違背；反對(duì)；對(duì)不利He wouldnt go against his parentswishes.他不會(huì)違背父母的意愿。The situation is going against us.局勢(shì)對(duì)我們不利。應(yīng)用3.完成句子他的做法違背自然法則。The way he did it_the rule of nature.答案：goes against2021/8/11 星期三18 .and people

13、like Galileo Galilei(15641642)，who proved scientific ideas such as “the Earth is not the centre of the universe”，were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence.(教材P42)像伽利略這樣證明了例如“地球不是宇宙的中心”等科學(xué)觀點(diǎn)的人常常會(huì)被教會(huì)懲罰而沒有人為他們辯護(hù)。歸納句中的with no one coming to their defence是“with賓語賓補(bǔ)”的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語，其中c

14、oming.是現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)。With the years passing，his hair became white.隨著時(shí)光流逝，他的頭發(fā)變白了。2021/8/11 星期三19拓展常見的with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)有以下幾種形式：withsb./sth.doing sth.：doing sth.與sb./sth.是主謂關(guān)系，表主動(dòng)動(dòng)作在持續(xù)中。withsb./sth.to do：to do與sb./sth.是主謂關(guān)系，表主動(dòng)，也可以是主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生。withsb./sth.v.ed：v.ed與sb./sth.是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，表被動(dòng)或動(dòng)作已完成。withsb./sth.n./adj./adv./介

15、詞短語，表示賓語sb./sth.處于某種狀態(tài)。2021/8/11 星期三20I cant go out with all these dishes to wash.有這么多碗碟要洗，我不能出去。He lay in bed with his head covered.他蒙著頭躺在床上。With John away，weve got more room.約翰離開后我們有了更大的空間。He was asleep with his head on his arms.他頭枕在胳膊上睡著了。2021/8/11 星期三21應(yīng)用4.動(dòng)詞形式填空It was a pity that the great writ

16、er died with his works _ (finish)答案：unfinished2021/8/11 星期三22 The church and many people tended to ignore the facts and were unwilling to challenge what they had always comfortably believed.(教材P42)教會(huì)和許多人經(jīng)常忽視事實(shí)，不愿意去挑戰(zhàn)他們一直舒舒服服所相信的一切。歸納tend to趨向于；經(jīng)常做Women tend to live longer than men.女人往往比男人長壽。Modern c

17、amera design tends to simplicity.現(xiàn)代相機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)得越來越簡單。2021/8/11 星期三23拓展tend to 可以表示“照料；護(hù)理”的意思。She has two patients to tend to.她有兩個(gè)病人要看護(hù)。提示：ignore vt.不顧，忽視It would be a mistake to ignore their advice.無視他們的忠告將是錯(cuò)誤的。It is not a question that can be ignored.這不是個(gè)可以忽視的問題。2021/8/11 星期三24應(yīng)用5.完成句子It is impolite_(不顧客人

18、) at table.答案：to ignore guests2021/8/11 星期三25 At first，people approved of his studies and urged him to continue，.(教材P42)起初，人們贊同他的研究并鼓勵(lì)他繼續(xù)進(jìn)行，2021/8/11 星期三26He urged on us the necessity of patience.他對(duì)我們強(qiáng)調(diào)忍耐是必要的。The report urged that all children be taught to swim.這份報(bào)告呼吁給所有的兒童教授游泳。比較：urge與encourage(1)u

19、rge指用力驅(qū)使向前，猶如用鞭策馬一樣。He urged his horse along with whip and spurs.他用馬鞭和馬刺策馬前進(jìn)。(2)encourage指對(duì)于意志薄弱的人加以鼓勵(lì)。My teacher encouraged me to do so.我的老師鼓勵(lì)我這樣做。2021/8/11 星期三27提示：approve vt.批準(zhǔn)，通過approve of贊成，贊許The course is approved by the Department for Education.課程已獲教育部核準(zhǔn)。2021/8/11 星期三28應(yīng)用6.I was greatly_by th

20、e masters inspiring speech.AencouragedBurgedCencouraging Durging答案：A2021/8/11 星期三29 But even though Aristotle was a great man who inspired many great scientists and philosophers after him，he was wrong at times.(教材P43)但是既使是亞里士多德這樣一位鼓舞了他以后許多科學(xué)家和哲學(xué)家的偉大人物，有時(shí)也是錯(cuò)誤的。歸納at times有時(shí)，不時(shí)(sometimes)At times I rid

21、e to the countryside to relax myself.有時(shí)我騎車去鄉(xiāng)下放松一下自己。We hold a small party at times.有時(shí)我們會(huì)舉辦一個(gè)小型聚會(huì)。2021/8/11 星期三30拓展time的相關(guān)短語：at one time曾經(jīng)at a time一次at all time一直at no time決不in no time立即，馬上Because of his strict father，he left home at one time.由于他嚴(yán)厲的父親，他曾一度離家出去。提示：at no time放在句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝，同樣用法的還有in no

22、case，by no means，under/in no circumstances等。At no time will I give up.我決不放棄。2021/8/11 星期三31應(yīng)用7.When can I use your computer?Never！_should you touch it.AAt no time BAt timesCAt one time DIn no time答案：A2021/8/11 星期三32 In other words，we learn more every day and none of us can ever sit back and say，“We

23、know it all”(教材P43)換句話說，我們每天都在學(xué)習(xí)更多的東西，誰也不能自信地說：“我都知道”。歸納in other words換句話說、也就是說They asked him to leavein other words he was fired.他們請(qǐng)他走人，也就是說，他被解雇了。2021/8/11 星期三33拓展word構(gòu)成的其他常見短語：by word of mouth口頭上，經(jīng)口述have a word in sb.s ear與說私話，與密談in a word簡言之；一句話；總之word for word一字不差地in word口頭上(與in deed“行動(dòng)上”相對(duì))“Wo

24、uld you like to help us？”“你愿意幫助我們嗎？”“In a word，no.”“一句話，不愿意?！?021/8/11 星期三34應(yīng)用8.完成句子When you read a passage，you neednt translate every sentence_(逐字地)答案：word for word2021/8/11 星期三35 Why did Aristotle assume that the sun moved around the Earth？(教材P43)為什么亞里士多德認(rèn)為太陽繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)？歸納assume vt.假定；假設(shè)n.to

25、be以為是If hes not here in five minutes，well assume that he isnt coming.如果他五分鐘之內(nèi)不來，我們將假定他不來了。Assuming it rains tomorrow，what will we do?假設(shè)明天下雨，我們?cè)撟鍪裁茨兀縄 had assumed him (to be) an American.我原以為他是美國人。2021/8/11 星期三36比較：assume與guessassume假定，設(shè)想，認(rèn)為，指很少或完全無根據(jù)的心理推測(cè)，并非合乎邏輯的推理，或指為論證而提出有一定根據(jù)的假設(shè)。guess猜測(cè)，猜想，為最常用詞，

26、指毫無根據(jù)僅憑個(gè)人主觀臆斷或碰運(yùn)氣的猜測(cè)。應(yīng)用9.用assume與guess的適當(dāng)形式填空(1)Can you_the price?(2)I didnt see your car，so I_you have gone out.答案：(1)guess(2)assumed2021/8/11 星期三37These men knew that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for；more vital to a man，and more beneficial to mankind，some might say，than all the

27、money in the world.(教材P43)他們懂得知識(shí)和理解是要奮斗的事情，有人說，對(duì)一個(gè)人或人類來說，它比世界上所有的金錢都重要和有益。歸納be beneficial to對(duì)有益beneficial adj.有用的；有益的Sunshine is beneficial to plants.陽光對(duì)植物有益。The manager has signed a contract that is beneficial to our company.經(jīng)理已經(jīng)簽訂了一項(xiàng)對(duì)我們公司有利的合同。2021/8/11 星期三38拓展benefit v有益，獲益，n.利益benefit sb.對(duì)某人有益be

28、nefit from從中獲益be of benefit to sb.對(duì)有益What he said will benefit us in many ways.他說的話在許多方面對(duì)我們有益。2021/8/11 星期三39應(yīng)用10.完成句子Ill never forget the activity_(從中我受益許多)答案：from which I benefited a lot 2021/8/11 星期三402021/8/11 星期三41.介詞或副詞填空根據(jù)句意，用合適的介詞或副詞填空。1You have no right to say anything on our business，to st

29、art_.答案：with2Public opinions are going _him and he may fail _the election.答案：against；in2021/8/11 星期三423He puts_a constructive suggestion and we all hope it will work.答案：forward4I dont believe_the myth of love at the first sight.答案：in5He is not at all exciting；_fact it is really rather common place.答案：