高中英語選擇性必修一 2021 unit 2 教學(xué)·知識(shí)細(xì)解碼

1、 identify vt.確定；找到；顯示identity n本身；本體；身份2. distant adj.遙遠(yuǎn)的；遠(yuǎn)處的；疏遠(yuǎn)的；心不在焉的distance n遠(yuǎn)方；距離3. automatic adj.無意識(shí)的；自動(dòng)的automatically adv.無意識(shí)地；自動(dòng)地4. integrate vi.& vt.(使)合并；成為一體integrated 5. sense n感官；感覺；知覺sensor n. 傳感器；敏感元件6. prefer v偏愛preference n愛好；偏愛7. constant adj.不斷的；重復(fù)的；不變的 n常數(shù)；常量 constantly adv.不斷地8.

2、 normal adj.正常的；常態(tài)的；普通的abnormal adj.不正常的；反常的9. warn v警告；告誡；提醒warning n. 警告；警示；先兆10. wire n電線；金屬絲(或線) vt. 接通電源；將連接到wiring n. 電線線路；線路系統(tǒng)11. innovate vi.改革；創(chuàng)新innovation n創(chuàng)新；創(chuàng)造；改革；革新1switch vt.轉(zhuǎn)換；交換vt. & vi.(使)改變；轉(zhuǎn)變 n開關(guān)；轉(zhuǎn)換器；改變Where is the light switch in the room？n.開關(guān)His friends were surprised at his swi

3、tch from newspaper owner to farmer.n.改變After ten minutes，listeners and speakers switch roles.vt.轉(zhuǎn)換；交換2secure adj.安全的；安心的；可靠的；牢固的vt獲得；拴牢；保護(hù)Foreign tourists feel happily secure while visiting the city.adj.安全的；安心的Secure the prisoner so that he wont escape again.vt.拴牢By strengthening the river banks, th

4、e city secured itself against flood.vt.保護(hù)3routine n常規(guī)；正常順序；慣例；通常的做法adj.常規(guī)的；日常的Every newcomer must start from routine work.adj.常規(guī)的；日常的I settled down into a routine of work and sleep.n.常規(guī)The security men changed their usual routine and collected the money at a different time.n.慣例；通常的做法4instant n瞬間；片刻a

5、dj.立即的；速食的；速溶的Id like a cup of instant coffee.adj.速溶的For a brief instant, I thought she was going to fall.n.瞬間；片刻I hope to receive an instant reply.adj.立即的5potential adj. 可能的；潛在的n潛力；可能性Its important to draw out a childs potential abilities.adj.潛在的This new invention has an enormous sales potential.n.

6、 潛力We realize that any code change like this has the potential to cause some issues.n.可能性Words And Phraseseq avs4al(知識(shí)要點(diǎn)1)persuade vt.說服；勸說；使相信(教材P14)For example, the phrase in my opinion tells us that the passage is likely meant to persuade.例如，“在我看來”這個(gè)短語告訴我們，這篇文章可能是為了說服。例1It is easy to persuade one

7、self.說服自己往往很容易。例2We persuaded Harry that he was wrong.我們使亨利相信是他錯(cuò)了。翻譯我將說服他把藥吃下去。I shall persuade him to take the medicine知識(shí)拓展persuade sb.to do sth.persuade o doing sth.說服某人做某事persuade sb.not to do sth.persuade sb.out of (doing) sth. 說服某人不做某事persuade sb.of sth./ persuade sb.that. 使某人相信即學(xué)即練單句語法填空/完成句子H

8、e tried to persuade his son to study(study) hard, but failed.We finally persuaded Ben of the wisdom of this decision.I managed to persuade my classmates into accepting (accept) my idea.我們說服了他不把錢借給那個(gè)人。We persuaded him not to lend/out of lending his money to that man.名師點(diǎn)津persuade表示“說服”，強(qiáng)調(diào)說服的結(jié)果；advise表

9、示“勸說，建議”，對(duì)方不一定接受，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作?！皠裾f但不一定有效果”應(yīng)表述為：advise sb.to do sth.或try to persuade sb.to do sth.The comrade advised Dr.Bethune to move immediately to a safe place, but he was not persuaded.那位同志勸白求恩大夫立即轉(zhuǎn)移到安全的地方，但是沒能說服他。小片段填空At first she tried to persuade others to do the film, but finally she was persuaded b

10、y her friends to do it herself.一開始她試圖說服別人來拍這個(gè)電影，但最后她被她的朋友說服，自己來拍這個(gè)電影。eq avs4al(知識(shí)要點(diǎn)2)switch vt.轉(zhuǎn)換；交換vt.&vi.(使)改變；轉(zhuǎn)變n開關(guān)；轉(zhuǎn)換器；改變(教材P14)Or, have you ever forgotten to switch off the TV or computer?或者，你曾經(jīng)忘記關(guān)掉電視或電腦嗎？例1Where is the light switch?電燈開關(guān)在哪兒？例2We had to make a switch in our arrangements.我們不得不對(duì)我們

11、的安排做些變動(dòng)。翻譯遙控器讓你在不同電視頻道之間輕松地轉(zhuǎn)換。The remote control allows you to switch easily between TV channels.知識(shí)拓展(1)make a switch改變(2)switch off 關(guān)(電燈、機(jī)器等)；切斷(電流、氣體等)switch on 開(電燈、機(jī)器等)；打開(開關(guān))；接通(電流等)switch (from.) to. (從)轉(zhuǎn)變成，(從)轉(zhuǎn)換到switch sth.with sb. 和某人交換某物即學(xué)即練單句語法填空/完成句子She switched on the lamp because it was

12、 dark.He was so stubborn that he refused to make a switch.我們問他們是否愿意和我們對(duì)換座位。We asked them if they would switch places with us你出門前要把電視關(guān)掉。Switch off the TV before you go out.小片段填空When the water is stopped, a blower switch is automatically switched on, and it blows out hot air to dry the clothes.水停后，吹風(fēng)機(jī)

13、開關(guān)自動(dòng)打開，并吹出熱風(fēng)吹干衣服。eq avs4al(知識(shí)要點(diǎn)3)preference n愛好；偏愛(教材P14)Your home will also learn your daily routine and preferences, so everything will be ready for you when you get home each evening.你未來的家也會(huì)了解你的日常習(xí)慣和偏好，所以當(dāng)你每天晚上回家時(shí)，一切都會(huì)為你準(zhǔn)備好。例1Its a matter of personal preference.這是個(gè)人的偏愛問題。例2She was chosen in prefe

14、rence to her sister.她被選中了，而不是她妹妹。翻譯通過數(shù)學(xué)與化學(xué)考試的學(xué)生優(yōu)先考慮。Preference is given to students who have passed maths and chemistry.知識(shí)拓展(1)have a preference for偏愛give preference to 給以優(yōu)惠、優(yōu)待in preference to 優(yōu)先于(2)prefer vt. 更喜歡即學(xué)即練單句語法填空/完成句子In considering people for the job, we give preference(prefer) to those w

15、ith some experience.She has a preference for blue, while I like red better.她愿意學(xué)小提琴而不是鋼琴。She chose to learn the violin in preference to the piano小片段填空Although a few clients contact me by telephone, most prefer to deal with me through email, which I have a preference for雖然有幾個(gè)客戶會(huì)用電話聯(lián)系我，但大多數(shù)客戶還是選擇通過emai

16、l和我交流，email是我偏愛的交流途徑。eq avs4al(知識(shí)要點(diǎn)4)instant n瞬間；片刻adj.立即的；速食的；速溶的(教材P14)Your lights will come on the instant you enter the door along with your favourite music or TV programmes, and you will find your dinner already prepared for you.你一進(jìn)家門，燈就會(huì)亮起，還有你最喜歡的音樂或電視節(jié)目(會(huì)自動(dòng)播放)，而且你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)晚餐已為你準(zhǔn)備好了。例1I took an inst

17、ant dislike to him.我一見到他就不喜歡他。例2Id like a cup of instant coffee.我要杯速溶咖啡。翻譯我一聽到此消息, 便通知你了。I sent you the news the instant (that) I heard it知識(shí)拓展(1)in an instant(immediately)立刻the instant (that)as soon as 一就(at) any instant 隨時(shí)；在任何情況下for an instant 片刻；一瞬間(2)instantly adv. 立刻，馬上即學(xué)即練單句語法填空/句型轉(zhuǎn)換Just for an

18、 instant I thought he was going to refuse.The instant you turn it on, youll get boiling water from our instant boiling water tap.Immediately, a car pulled over and a young woman jumped out. In an instant, a car pulled over and a young woman jumped out.He told me the news as soon as he met me. He tol

19、d me the news the instant (that) he met me名師點(diǎn)津瞬間名詞moment, instant, minute, second與定冠詞the 連用可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，表示“一就”。The machine will start the moment you press this button.你一按按鈕機(jī)器馬上啟動(dòng)。小片段填空In fact, I think animal attraction can be instantyou can see an elephant instantly go for another one.事實(shí)上，我相信動(dòng)物間的吸引力是可以

20、即刻產(chǎn)生的我們能看到，大象有時(shí)會(huì)突然被另一頭大象吸引。eq avs4al(知識(shí)要點(diǎn)5)command n. 指令；命令；控制vt. 命令；控制(教材P14)All controls will respond to voice commands, so if you want to change your routine, you just say aloud what you want and the home system will obey.所有的控制都會(huì)響應(yīng)語音指令，所以如果你想改變你的日常工作，你只要大聲說出你想要什么，家庭系統(tǒng)就會(huì)服從。例1He commanded us to sto

21、p.他命令我們停下來。例2The general issued a command that all of them should come at six oclock.將軍頒布了一道命令, 所有的人都要在六點(diǎn)鐘到。翻譯我勸他控制自己的脾氣。I advised him to command his temper知識(shí)拓展(1)under the command ofunder ones command由指揮，由控制be in command of 控制take command of 控制have a command of. 了解/掌握(2)command sb.to do sth. 命令某人做某

22、事commandthat從句，謂語動(dòng)詞使用“(should)動(dòng)詞原形”形式即學(xué)即練單句語法填空/完成句子The captain commanded his men to pack (pack) up and march on.He commanded that all the gates (should) be shut(shut)目前，警察控制了這里的形勢。At present, the police are in command of the situation here.實(shí)際上，1000人在他的指揮之下。Actually, he has 1，000 men under his comma

23、nd圖形助記表示請(qǐng)求、命令、建議、要求等詞后面跟從句時(shí)，從句謂語用(should)do/be done，以下動(dòng)詞具有相同的用法。eq avs4al(知識(shí)要點(diǎn)6)early on在初期；早先(教材P15)They can warn you early on if there is something abnormal or if you have a critical illness, such as cancer, and potentially save your life.如果有什么不正常的情況，或者你有嚴(yán)重的疾病，比如癌癥，它們可以提前警告你，并可能挽救你的生命。例1This is an

24、other one to do early on.這也是另一個(gè)盡早要做的。例2One secret he learned very early on was not to flaunt his success.他很早就學(xué)到的一個(gè)秘訣就是不要夸耀自己的成功。翻譯剛開始時(shí)，在校園里找一個(gè)你覺得能幫助自己成長的人，并和他或她建立起良好的關(guān)系。Early on, find someone on campus who you feel can help you grow and develop a relationship with him or her.知識(shí)拓展earlier on在初期；早先at t

25、he earliest 作為最早日期，最早early in life 早年的時(shí)候early or late 遲早, 早晚即學(xué)即練單句語法填空/完成句子She developed a musical interest early /earlier onWe shall find the truth early or late.我們最早在星期五給你答復(fù)。We will give you a reply on Friday at the earliest他早年的時(shí)候就發(fā)現(xiàn)了這些樂趣。He discovered these pleasures early in lifeeq avs4al(知識(shí)要點(diǎn)7)

26、relevant adj. 有關(guān)的；有意義的(教材P15)your smart home will detect it and provide you with the relevant information.你的智能房屋將會(huì)探測出來，并給你提供相關(guān)的信息。例1Museums should have a more involved or relevant public role.博物館應(yīng)起到進(jìn)一步介入公眾生活或更加舉足輕重的社會(huì)作用。例2These materials are relevant to the case.這些材料與這起案件有關(guān)。翻譯除非你有什么切題的話要說，否則請(qǐng)勿打斷人家。D

27、ont interrupt unless you have something relevant to say知識(shí)拓展be relevant to與有關(guān)即學(xué)即練完成句子這一點(diǎn)至關(guān)重要, 我們還是接著談吧。This point is really relevant and we had better move on.她的長相跟她能否當(dāng)個(gè)好老師無關(guān)。Her appearance is not relevant to whether she can be a good teacher.eq avs4al(知識(shí)要點(diǎn)8)in this sense (in.sense) 從這種(某種)意義上來講(教材P1

28、5)In this sense, the home of tomorrow is already the home of today.從這個(gè)意義上說，明天的家已經(jīng)是今天的家了。例1In this sense, personality is the very soul of art.從這種意義上來說，人格就是藝術(shù)的靈魂。例2In this sense, rule by law rule by moral.在這個(gè)意義上，法治即德治。翻譯從這個(gè)意義上講它也有利于我們的健康。 In this sense it is also beneficial to our health.知識(shí)拓展in that s

29、ense從這種(某種)意義上來講in a sense 在某種意義上in no sense 決不；決非(位于句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝)theres no sense in doing sth. 做是沒有道理/作用的即學(xué)即練單句語法填空/完成句子In a sense, his suggestion is very practical.There is no sense in discussing(discuss) it over and over again.在這種意義上來講，當(dāng)然它是個(gè)問題。In this sense, of course, it is a problem.這種事情決不能發(fā)生在我們

30、學(xué)校。In no sense should such a thing be allowed to happen in our school.Sentence Patternseq avs4al(重點(diǎn)句式1)what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句(教材P14)so if you want to change your routine, you just say aloud what you want and the home system will obey.所以如果你想改變你的日常工作，你只要大聲說出你想要什么，家庭系統(tǒng)就會(huì)服從。句式分析：句中what you want為what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，作動(dòng)詞say

31、的賓語。例1He saves what he earns.他賺多少，積蓄多少。例2Who is it that has made Fred what he is now? 是誰把弗雷德培養(yǎng)成現(xiàn)在這個(gè)樣子的？翻譯他們搞到了他們所需要的東西食物和衣服。They have got what they needfood and clothes.知識(shí)拓展(1)what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句除了可以作賓語外，還可以在句中作主語、表語或同位語等。(2)what在所引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分。(3)what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句用陳述語序。即學(xué)即練完成句子經(jīng)過許多天的航行之后，他們到達(dá)了如今被稱之為美洲的地方。Af

32、ter many days voyage, they arrived in what is called America now.最后我們來到了叫“西藏”的地方。At last we came to a place that is called “Tibet” At last we came to what is called “Tibet”所有的人都認(rèn)為拯救古廟是正確的。All the people believed that it was right to rescue the temple名師點(diǎn)津名詞性從句中的what與thatwhat引導(dǎo)名詞性從句常在從句中表示某種意義且作成分，而th

33、at引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，that在從句中一般無意義，且在從句中不作任何句子成分。eq avs4al(重點(diǎn)句式2)“特殊疑問詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)(教材P15)It will also give you suggestions on a healthier diet and how to sleep better.它還會(huì)為你提供更健康的飲食和如何睡得更好的建議。句式分析：句中how to sleep better為“特殊疑問詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，作介詞on的賓語。例1I dont know when to hand in my homework.我不知道什么時(shí)候交我的家庭作業(yè)。例2Can you tell me

34、 how to solve this maths problem? 你能告訴我如何解這道數(shù)學(xué)題嗎？我們決定不了晚飯吃什么。翻譯We cant decide what to eat for dinner.知識(shí)拓展(1)常見的特殊疑問詞：疑問代詞who，what，which等和疑問副詞how，when，where等。(2)語法功能：該結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于名詞性從句，在句中可以作主語、賓語、表語、同位語等(作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù))。(3)通常用在tell，show，understand，explain，teach，learn，discuss等動(dòng)詞后面的特殊疑問代詞與構(gòu)成不定式的動(dòng)詞之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式

35、通常用主動(dòng)形式。即學(xué)即練句型轉(zhuǎn)換The teacher taught the students how they should do the experiment.The teacher taught the students how to do the experiment(作賓語)The problem is where we should put this computer.The problem is where to put this computer(作表語)I have no idea what I can say about this.I have no idea what t

36、o say about this.(同位語)eq avs4al(重點(diǎn)句式3)before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句(教材P15)Nevertheless, it will take some years before most new homes begin to use this new technology.然而，要讓大多數(shù)新家庭開始使用這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)還需要幾年的時(shí)間。句式分析：句中before引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句。例1It will be four days before they come back.他們要過四天才能回來。例2Einstein almost knocked me down bef

37、ore he saw me.愛因斯坦幾乎把我撞倒才看到我。翻譯我父親恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived知識(shí)拓展(1)“It was時(shí)間段before.”表示“過了多久才”。從句常用一般過去時(shí)。(2)“It was not long before.”意為“不久就”。從句常用一般過去時(shí)。(3)“It will not be long before.”表示“不久就會(huì)”。從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。(4)“It will be時(shí)間段before.”表示“要過多久才”。從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。即學(xué)即練完成

38、句子如果你錯(cuò)過了這次機(jī)會(huì)，可能需要很多年你才能再獲得一次。If you miss this chance, it will be years before you get another one.不久我們就會(huì)習(xí)慣新的學(xué)校生活。It wont be long before we get used to the new school life.過了三天他才回來。It was three days before he came back很長一段時(shí)間后她才從手術(shù)中康復(fù)。It was a long time before she recovered from the operation.1However

39、, in the nottoodistant future, we will be living in smart homes that will lock the door for us when we are away and remember to switch off the TV when we forget.【分析】句中that will lock the door for us.為that引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞smart homes；其中有兩個(gè)when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。【譯文】然而，在不遠(yuǎn)的將來，我們將生活在智能家居中，當(dāng)我們外出時(shí)，智能家居會(huì)為我們鎖門，當(dāng)我們忘記時(shí)

40、，智能之家會(huì)提醒我們關(guān)掉電視。 2. Your lights will come on the instant you enter the door along with your favourite music or TV programmes, and you will find your dinner already prepared for you.【分析】句中the instant you enter the door.為the instant引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，相當(dāng)于as soon as；and連接表示順承關(guān)系的并列句，其中find your dinner already prep

41、ared for you為“find賓語過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)。【譯文】你一進(jìn)家門，燈就會(huì)亮起，還有你最喜歡的音樂或電視節(jié)目(會(huì)自動(dòng)播放)，而且你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)晚餐已為你準(zhǔn)備好了。教材高考1.For example, the phrase in my opinion tells us that the passage is likely meant to persuade.(2019全國卷)She may just need a little persuading.2. However, in the nottoodistant future, we will be living in smart ho

42、mes that will lock the door for us when we are away.(2019天津卷) To many people, technology means computers, handheld devices, or vehicles that travel to distant planets.3.Smart toilets will be keeping constant track of your health as well.(2019江蘇卷)Thus humans who lived a million years ago, despite the

43、ir big brains and sharp stone tools, lived in constant fear of meateating animals.4. Many of these new innovations are already available and being used in some homes.(2019全國卷)The trend, then, was toward the “penny paper”a term referring to papers made widely available to the public.5. They can warn

44、you early on if there is something abnormal or if you have a critical illness.(2019北京卷)Although she founded her company early on in life, she wasnt driven primarily by profit.單句語法填空1I was persuaded(persuade) of the usefulness of his new device at that time.2. Frick had a preference for pretwentieth

45、century Western paintings.3. The instant they heard the alarm, they fell in for action.4. After working well for a year the air conditioner(condition) suddenly started kicking up.5. It will not be long before the students take the College Entrance Examination.6. After many days voyage, they arrived in what is called Africa now.7. When to hold (hold) the meeting hasnt been decided.8. I telegraphed her the instant I arrived there.9. An older version has been detected(detect), would you like to upgrade now?10. A dog that b