高中英語(yǔ)選擇性必修四 Unit 2　Section B　Learning About Language 課件

1、 Section BLearning About Language.知識(shí)體系圖解 重點(diǎn)詞匯 1.frog n.2.arrow n.3.getaway n.4.kayaking n.5.golf n.6.strait n. 7.monument n.蛙;青蛙箭;箭頭 適合度假的地方 皮劃艇高爾夫球運(yùn)動(dòng)海峽 紀(jì)念碑(或館、堂、像等);歷史遺跡8.n.部長(zhǎng);大臣;外交使節(jié)9.vt.給命名(或題名);使享有權(quán)利10.vi.& n.(dived/dove,dived) 潛水;跳水;俯沖11.n.自由;不受影響的狀態(tài)12.n.領(lǐng)域;領(lǐng)土;范圍13.vt.倡議;贊助;主辦n.(法案等的)倡議者;贊助者14.

2、n.自由15.n.樣本;樣品ministerentitledivefreedomdomainsponsorlibertysample重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1.prime minister 2.peak season 3.consist of 4.all the way 5.各種各樣的6.反對(duì)7. 更不用說(shuō)8.由于首相;總理高峰季節(jié)由組成一直a variety ofbe againstnot to mentiondue to重點(diǎn)句式Be careful,however,not to go to popular islands during peak season,unless you want to wres

3、tle with other tourists!復(fù)習(xí)過(guò)去分詞 重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法.釋義匹配1.entitleA.to jump into deep water with your head and arms going in first2.diveB.to give someone the official right to do or have something3.freedomC.the right to do what you want without being controlled or restricted by anyone4.sponsor D.a small part or amou

4、nt of something that is examined in order to find out something about the whole5.sampleE.to support a person,organisation or activity by giving money,encouragement or other help答案1.B2.A3.C4.E5.D.完成句子1.伙伴們決定共同努力,在最后期限前完成項(xiàng)目。The partners agreed to to meet the project deadlines.2.杭州是一個(gè)主要的度假目的地,吸引著來(lái)自世界各地

5、的游客。Hangzhou is a premier holiday destination, tourists from all over the world.3.聽(tīng)出美國(guó)口音很簡(jiǎn)單。It is rather an American accent.make a joint effortwhich attractsstraightforward/simple to recognise4.他們飛往那里以便能及時(shí)參加開(kāi)幕典禮。They flew there in order that they might be the opening ceremony.5.數(shù)十萬(wàn)人走上街頭慶祝這一時(shí)刻。 peopl

6、e went to the streets to mark the occasion.in time to attendHundreds of thousands of重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法隨堂練習(xí)1.Ethnic minority groups in China are often entitled to special funds from the government to help protect their cultural heritage.(P16)中國(guó)的少數(shù)民族往往有權(quán)獲得政府的特別資金,以幫助保護(hù)他們的文化遺產(chǎn)?！驹~匯精講】entitle vt.給命名(或提名);使享有權(quán)利

7、He read a poem entitled “Salt”.他朗誦了一首題目為鹽的詩(shī)。You will be entitled to your pension when you reach 60.你到60歲就有資格獲得養(yǎng)老金。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法隨堂練習(xí)【詞匯拓展】If one side failed to honour the contract,the other side should be entitled to cancel it.如合同一方不按合同條款行事,另一方則有權(quán)中止合同。The novel is entitled Pride and Prejudice.那本小說(shuō)叫傲慢與

8、偏見(jiàn)重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法隨堂練習(xí) 重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法隨堂練習(xí)2.Visitors to the beaches can enjoy many activities,including diving,kayaking,and rock climbing.(P16)到海灘的游客可以參加許多活動(dòng),包括潛水、皮劃艇和攀巖?！驹~匯精講】dive vi.潛水;跳水;俯沖The main purpose of his holiday to Greece was to go diving.他到希臘度假的主要目的就是去潛水。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法隨堂練習(xí)【詞匯拓展】It was so hot tha

9、t we dived into the swimming pool to cool off.太熱了,我們一頭跳進(jìn)游泳池里,涼快一下。He dived into his bag and took out his wallet.他把手伸入提包,拿出了錢(qián)包。Seagulls swim well,but they do not often dive for fish.海鷗游泳非常棒,但它們不經(jīng)常為捕魚(yú)而潛水。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法隨堂練習(xí) 重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法隨堂練習(xí)3.Unfortunately,elephants are endangered in Thailand,but special

10、parks have been set up to protect their safety and freedom.(P16)不幸的是,泰國(guó)大象瀕臨滅絕,但已經(jīng)建立了一些特殊的公園來(lái)保護(hù)大象的安全和自由?！驹~匯精講】freedom n.自由;不受影響的狀態(tài)Their efforts helped those people gain their freedom.他們的努力幫助那些人獲得了自由。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法隨堂練習(xí)【詞匯拓展】Men are not saints;how can they be free from faults?人非圣賢,孰能無(wú)過(guò)?The prize money fr

11、eed him from debts.這筆獎(jiǎng)金使他免于負(fù)債。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法隨堂練習(xí) 重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法隨堂練習(xí)4.Visitors can see these amazing creatures in their natural domain,and also sponsor an elephant to preserve its health and liberty.(P16)游客可以在它們的自然領(lǐng)域看到這些令人驚奇的生物,并幫助大象保護(hù)它的健康和自由。【詞匯精講】sponsor vt.倡議;贊助;主辦Please could you sponsor me for my sc

12、hools campaign?我們學(xué)校在舉行募捐活動(dòng),請(qǐng)問(wèn)您能贊助我嗎?The conference was sponsored by our company.會(huì)議是由我們公司贊助的。Coca-Cola is to be named as the new sponsor of the League Cup later this week.可口可樂(lè)公司將在本周晚些時(shí)候被指定為聯(lián)賽杯的新贊助商重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法隨堂練習(xí) 重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法隨堂練習(xí)Be careful,however,not to go to popular islands during peak season,unle

13、ss you want to wrestle with other tourists!(P16)但是,要小心,在旺季不要去熱門(mén)島嶼,除非你想和其他游客擁擠!【句式剖析】本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。主句Be careful not to.是祈使句,unless意為“除非”,引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句。You are forbidden to leave the room unless you apologise for what you have done.你被禁止離開(kāi)房間,除非你為你所做的事道歉。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法隨堂練習(xí)【句式拓展】(1)If.not和unless兩者都可表示否定的條件,有時(shí)可換用。C

14、ome and have tea tomorrow unless I phone.= Come and have tea tomorrow if I dont phone.要是我沒(méi)有打電話,明天就來(lái)喝茶。You wont catch the train unless you hurry.=You wont catch the train if you dont hurry.你要是不趕快,你就趕不上火車(chē)了。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法隨堂練習(xí)(2)在下列情況下,通常要用 if.not 而不用 unless:當(dāng)從句所引出的情況不是表示主句情況發(fā)生的一種例外,而只是一種可能,并且這種可能正是導(dǎo)致主句情況

15、發(fā)生的主要原因時(shí),英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣只用if.not,不用unless。Ill be surprised if he doesnt win.如果他不贏,我會(huì)感到驚奇。Shed look nicer if she didnt wear so much make-up.要是她不過(guò)分打扮,本來(lái)會(huì)更好看的。Ill be sorry if they do not come tomorrow.如果他們明天不來(lái),我將感到非常遺憾。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法隨堂練習(xí)當(dāng)從句內(nèi)容與已知事實(shí)相反時(shí)(即引出虛擬條件時(shí)),通常要用if.not,而不用unless。If he werent so silly,he would und

16、erstand.他要不是那樣傻的話,他就會(huì)明白了。(實(shí)際上他很傻)If I hadnt stopped her,she would have jumped down.要不是我阻止了她,她就跳下去了。(實(shí)際上我阻止了她)重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法隨堂練習(xí)unless有時(shí)可引出一個(gè)過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的假設(shè)想法,對(duì)前面主句進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明(此時(shí)必須置于主句之后,且前面常用破折號(hào)而不用逗號(hào))。I couldnt have got to the meeting on timeunless I had caught an earlier train.我不可能及時(shí)趕到會(huì)場(chǎng),除非我趕上了較早一班火車(chē)。(事實(shí)是“我”沒(méi)有及

17、時(shí)到會(huì))此句若將unless改為if.not,則成為:I couldnt have got to the meeting on time if I hadnt caught an earlier train.如果我沒(méi)趕上較早一班火車(chē),我就不可能及時(shí)趕到會(huì)場(chǎng)了。(事實(shí)是“我”及時(shí)到會(huì)了)重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法隨堂練習(xí)重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法隨堂練習(xí)重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法隨堂練習(xí)復(fù)習(xí)過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞由“動(dòng)詞原形+ed”構(gòu)成。部分動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞有特殊形式變化,需要牢記。它既保留了動(dòng)詞的某些特征,又具有形容詞和副詞的特征。1.過(guò)去分詞作動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞作謂語(yǔ),用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have/has+過(guò)去分詞

18、)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)(had+過(guò)去分詞)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(be+過(guò)去分詞)的句子中。The director,who shared a dorm-room with Jack in the Film Academy,has already made four films.這位導(dǎo)演已經(jīng)執(zhí)導(dǎo)了四部電影,在電影學(xué)院求學(xué)時(shí)杰克與他同住在一間寢室。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法隨堂練習(xí)Its generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes.人們普遍認(rèn)為人們按照他們的做事方式行事是

19、由于性格和態(tài)度的原因。He told me he had worked alongside Frank and Mark and they had become friends.他告訴我他與弗蘭克和馬克一起工作過(guò),并且成了朋友。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法隨堂練習(xí)2.過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)(1)過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)和被修飾的名詞具有“動(dòng)賓關(guān)系”。單個(gè)過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)一般置于被修飾的詞語(yǔ)之前,過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)一般置于被修飾的詞語(yǔ)之后。Tsinghua University,founded in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures.清華大學(xué)

20、建于1911年,培養(yǎng)了一大批杰出的人士。There are guided tours every day up this highly active volcano,giving travellers a chance to see Mother Nature at her most powerful.每天都有導(dǎo)游帶領(lǐng)游客前往這座高度活躍的火山,讓游客有機(jī)會(huì)看到大自然最強(qiáng)大的一面。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法隨堂練習(xí)(2)及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作,不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。The strong wind blew the fallen leaves into th

21、e sky.(表示完成)大風(fēng)把落葉吹到了天空中。Most of the countries in Europe are developed countries.(表示完成)歐洲大部分的國(guó)家是發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法隨堂練習(xí)(3)動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式、動(dòng)詞-ing形式的被動(dòng)式和過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式作定語(yǔ)表示一個(gè)未來(lái)的動(dòng)作;動(dòng)詞-ing形式的被動(dòng)式作定語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生或是與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生;過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作或是在謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生,或是沒(méi)有一定的時(shí)間性。Will you attend the meeting to be held next w

22、eek?你要參加下周召開(kāi)的會(huì)議嗎?The building being put up will be our library.正在建的大樓將是我們的圖書(shū)館。A great number of students questioned said they were forced to practise the piano.許多被詢(xún)問(wèn)的學(xué)生說(shuō)他們被迫練習(xí)鋼琴。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法隨堂練習(xí)3.過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(1)表示感覺(jué)或心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞,如:see、watch、observe、look at、hear、listen to、feel、notice、think等。The manager was

23、satisfied to see many new products developed after great effort.經(jīng)理很滿意地看到在付出巨大努力之后很多新產(chǎn)品被研發(fā)出來(lái)。He found his hometown changed greatly.他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的家鄉(xiāng)變化很大。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法隨堂練習(xí)(2)表示“致使”意義的動(dòng)詞,如:have、make、get、keep、leave等。Ill have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要理發(fā)。He got his tooth pulled out yesterday.他昨天把牙拔了。Dont leave those

24、 things undone.不要把那些事情擱著不做。(3)使役動(dòng)詞have接過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)有兩種情況:過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作由他人完成;過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作由句中的主語(yǔ)所經(jīng)歷。He had his house painted white.他讓人把房子刷成了白色。(讓別人做的)He had his leg injured when riding a bike.他騎自行車(chē)時(shí)傷了腿。(自己的經(jīng)歷)重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法隨堂練習(xí)(4)“with +賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)“with +賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中,過(guò)去分詞用作介詞 with的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),這一結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作時(shí)間、方式、條件、原因等狀語(yǔ)。

25、The murderer was brought in,with his hands tied behind his back.兇手被帶進(jìn)來(lái)了,他的雙手被綁在背后。(表方式)With water heated,we can see the steam.水一被加熱,我們就會(huì)看到水蒸氣。(表?xiàng)l件)With the matter settled,we all went home.事情得到解決,我們都回家了。(表原因)She stood in front of him,with her eyes fixed on his face.她站在他面前,眼睛注視著他。(表伴隨)重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法隨堂練習(xí)

26、4.過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ),說(shuō)明謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài),其邏輯賓語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ),也就是說(shuō)過(guò)去分詞與句子的主語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。由于過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))具有副詞的某些特征,因此在句中可以作原因、時(shí)間、條件、讓步、伴隨或結(jié)果等狀語(yǔ)。Translated into English,the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.翻譯成英語(yǔ)后,這個(gè)句子的詞序全變了。Encouraged by the progress he has made,he works harder.受到所取得進(jìn)步的鼓舞,他工作更努力了。He

27、finally arrived,tired out from such a long walk.他終于到了,走那么長(zhǎng)的路累得他筋疲力盡。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法隨堂練習(xí)5.過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)或主觀心理感受,相當(dāng)于形容詞的作用。注意: 表示感覺(jué)的一些過(guò)去分詞(surprised、disappointed、excited、pleased 等) 及其他一些過(guò)去分詞(dressed、drunk、devoted、lost、known、married、bent、recovered、separated 等)常可用作表語(yǔ),表示狀態(tài)。其中有些只表狀態(tài),毫無(wú)被動(dòng)意義。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式重

28、點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法隨堂練習(xí)You are requested to remain seated during take-off.在飛機(jī)起飛時(shí),請(qǐng)大家坐好。Everyone was surprised to see the buildings finished so soon.看到這些建筑這么快就建成了大家都感到很驚奇。Tom was disappointed to hear his suggestions had been turned down.湯姆聽(tīng)到他的建議被拒絕后很失望。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法隨堂練習(xí).單詞拼寫(xiě)1.The interviews were given to a random (抽樣) of students.答案sample2.A se