深圳八年上學(xué)期英語(yǔ)第一課知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總課件

1、第一課第一天1.useful ju:sful adj. 有用的，有益的；有幫助的常在句中作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)useful前使用不定冠詞只能用a，不能用an，因?yàn)樗陌l(fā)音以輔音因素開頭以-ful結(jié)尾的形容詞的反義詞多以相應(yīng)的-less結(jié)尾的形容詞例：uesful（有用的）-useless（無用的） careful（細(xì)心的）-careless（粗心的） helpful（有幫助的）-helpless（徒勞的）2. painter 可數(shù)名詞，意為“畫家，圖畫者”由動(dòng)詞 paint +er有的動(dòng)詞加后綴-er，有的動(dòng)詞加后綴-or構(gòu)成名詞例：teach-teacher；sing-singer；read-read

2、er；visit-visitor； invent-inventor動(dòng)詞加后綴-er或-or，變成的名詞多指男性，若指女性則要加后綴-ress例：actor-actress； waiter-waiteress tailorteil -tailoress author: -authoress3. cook 名詞:廚師；動(dòng)詞：烹調(diào)，煮，燒拓展：cooker 名詞：炊具4. look up 意為“查閱，查詢，仰視，向上看”，加代詞放在look后面，up前面例：Look it up.查閱一下拓展：與look相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)look around 向四周看look out 向外看，當(dāng)心look like 看起來

3、像look the same 看起來相同look forward 盼望5. pick up 撿起clean up 打掃干凈give up 放棄6.be born in/on的用法be born意為“出生”其后面接地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。接地點(diǎn)名詞用介詞in，接時(shí)間名詞時(shí)用介詞on或in例：I was born in BeiJing.具體到某一天用on例：I was born in 1980.出生于某年某月用in例：I was born on May3,1973.7. show（1）出示、展示、顯露、路出例：He showed his photo to me./He showed me his phot

4、o（2）流露，表示，表現(xiàn)例：He showed great interest in science when he was young.（3）教、告訴、說明、指點(diǎn)例：She showed me the way on the map.第二天2.drawing/picture/painting的區(qū)別drawing 指素描、線條畫、鉛筆畫、鋼筆畫picture 指圖片、圖畫、照片等，指照片時(shí)，與photo意義相同painting指著色的水彩畫、油畫include/including/included包含包括include 包含、包括 vtincluding包含、包括 介詞included包括在內(nèi)的，

5、常用于名詞、代詞之后，它和including引起的短語(yǔ)含義相同，但在句中的詞序位置不同me included/ including me3. more than 超過、多余，其反義詞為less than 意為“少于”more than+數(shù)詞 超過、多余，相當(dāng)于overno more than（=only）僅僅；not more than 不少于、不超過 7.even 意為“甚至”，主要用于加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。修飾形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)例：The boy is even taller than his father. Even he doesnt know the secret.6. asas意為“與一樣”

6、，當(dāng)兩個(gè)比較對(duì)象在某個(gè)方面相同時(shí)，用“as+形容詞/副詞原形+as”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示A與B一樣例：This trww is as tall as that one.拓展：比較兩個(gè)對(duì)象時(shí)，若一方不及另一方，則用“not+ as+形容詞/副詞原形+as”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“A不如B樣”例：Our school is not as big as yours.8. die out 意為“滅絕、消失”例：Why did they die out?例：He likes music. However, his wife doesnt. He likes music,but his wife doesnt.9. hower

7、和but的區(qū)別however意為“然而”轉(zhuǎn)折的意味較弱可位于句首、句中或句末后面常用逗號(hào)隔開nowhere意為“但是”轉(zhuǎn)折的意味很強(qiáng)烈位于分句的句首后面不使用逗號(hào)9. nobody不定代詞，意為“沒有人”相當(dāng)于no one,nobady做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，位于動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)例： The was nobody in the room. Nobody knows about it.everybody每個(gè)人、人人somebody某人anybody任何人、無論誰(shuí)第三天4.help sb.(to) do sth意為“幫助某人做某事”，help后做賓補(bǔ)的不定式帶to不帶to均可，有時(shí)與help sb. with st

8、h.意思相同例：He often helps me(to)study English./He often helps with my Englishhelp oneself to 意為“隨便吃些”例：Help yourself some fish,children.cant help doing意為“禁不住做”例： She cant help laughting.3. used to do sth意為“過去常常做某事”，并且暗含有“現(xiàn)在已不做”之意，其中to是不定式符號(hào)，后面接動(dòng)詞原形例：I used to go to that primary school.5.just like . 意為“

9、正如、正像”，like此處用作介詞，意為“像”后接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞例：Everyone would like a clean classroom，just like home. 7.remember to do sth. 與remember doing sth.區(qū)別6. something important意為“重要的事”，形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾somethinganythingnothing等不定代詞時(shí)，要放在這些不定代詞的后面例：I have something important to tell you.例：Remember to post his letter. I remember p

10、osting his letter.remember to do sth記得去做某事（此事還未做）remember doing sth.記得已做過某事（此事已做完）第四天2.find out意為“了解到，弄清，發(fā)現(xiàn)”例：Read this passage, and find out the answer to this question.find out，查明，找出，指通過觀察、探索等努力才查明結(jié)果find 發(fā)現(xiàn)，找到，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果look for 尋找，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作例：I lost my pen. I have looked for it everywhere，but I cant find it.

11、Could you help me find out who has found it?look after 照顧1. win 意為“贏得、獲勝”，及物動(dòng)詞，后面所接的賓語(yǔ)一般是比賽、辯論或戰(zhàn)斗等名詞，win 也可做不及物動(dòng)詞例：Who won the mans 400 meters race? We must win today. beat 意為“擊敗，打敗，勝過”，其后所接的賓語(yǔ)是參加比賽的人、團(tuán)體例：li li beat jim and won the first prize.4.There is not any body in the room.there be 表示存在，意為“某地有

12、某物”，be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與緊跟其后的主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式保持一致。主語(yǔ)是不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí)用is 或 was，主語(yǔ)是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用are或were。若there be 句型中有幾個(gè)并列的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，be動(dòng)詞的形式通常要與其最近的主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式保持一致例：There is a pen and two books on the desk. There are two boys and a teacher over there.3. about和on的區(qū)別“關(guān)于”about 用作介詞，意為“關(guān)于”例：I have a lot of books about animals.about指內(nèi)容較為普通不如o

13、n正式on常常暗示內(nèi)容是專門的、學(xué)術(shù)性的比about更為正式和書面化6.by 介詞，意為“在.旁邊，靠近”例：My house is by the river.5. above onover的區(qū)別意為“在上方”above“在上方”，表示兩者不接觸與below“在下面”相對(duì)on“在上”，指兩者接觸Beneath（在下）相對(duì)over在正上方，表示兩者垂直，但不接觸，也可指籠罩或覆蓋上面與under(在下）相對(duì)by乘“車、船”等Well go by boat.（指時(shí)間）不遲于You must be back by ten oclock at night（表示方法、手段等）用、靠He makes a

14、living by selling vegetables.8.Its +形容詞+(for sb.)+to do sth. 是固定句型，意為“做某事（對(duì)于某人來說）是的，it是形式主語(yǔ)，沒有實(shí)際意義，真正的主語(yǔ)數(shù)后面的動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)），句中的sb.與不定式to do 之間存在主謂關(guān)系例： It s important for us to learn English.7. look like 意為“看起來像”，like 是介詞，后常接名詞或代詞例：She looks like his father. look at 看look for 尋找look after 照看9.a weak later.

15、意為“一周后”“一段時(shí)間+later”，表示“之后”，常用于過去時(shí)態(tài)中例：Three days later he got to Beijing.第五天4.consist of 意為“由組成，包括”例：Our team consists of 10 members.5.a number of 意為“許多”，其后接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，并可在number前加great，large等形容詞來修飾，以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣例：I have a large number of letters to write.A number of意為“許多”，后接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)的中心詞是后面的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，故其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

16、用復(fù)數(shù)形式the number of意為“的數(shù)量”，后接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)的中心詞是number，故其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式例：The number of the students in our school is rising year by rmation 不可數(shù)名詞，意為“信息，情報(bào)，資料”，通常指通過閱讀、觀察、調(diào)查，學(xué)習(xí)、研究等方法所收集到的信息例：I often go to the library to look for some information.7.work （1）做不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“工作，勞動(dòng)”例：He works hard.（2）做及物

17、動(dòng)詞，意為“使工作，使干活”例：He works himself too hard.work for 意為“為工作”還包含“在上班/就業(yè)/任職”例：He is working for our school.work as意為“當(dāng).”后跟職業(yè)例:He works as a doctor in the hospital.work out 意為“做出來，算出來”代詞賓語(yǔ)要放在中間例：Can you work out this maths problem.第六天1.teachers是名詞所有格形式，意為“老師的”所有格表示所有關(guān)系，修飾另一個(gè)名詞，做定語(yǔ)。它有兩種形式：一種是由名詞詞尾加s 構(gòu)成，另一

18、種是由“介詞of+名詞”構(gòu)成。前者多用來表示有生命的東西，后者多用來表示無生命的東西單詞形式構(gòu)成方法舉例普通單數(shù)名詞在詞尾直接加smy fathers friend詞尾已有-s的復(fù)數(shù)名詞在詞尾只加Students room詞尾不帶-s的復(fù)數(shù)名詞在詞尾直接加sChildrens Day 表示幾個(gè)人共有的所有關(guān)系在最后一個(gè)詞尾加sJane and Marys room表示幾個(gè)人各自的所有關(guān)系在每個(gè)詞尾加sJanes and Marys room2.復(fù)合不定代詞，someoneanyoneno oneeveryonesomething anythingnothingeverythingsomebod

19、yanybodynobodyeverybody一般來說，由some 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞往往用于肯定句中；而由any 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞則往往用于否定句或疑問句中由some 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞有時(shí)也可用于疑問句中，用來表示請(qǐng)求、建議的等語(yǔ)句例：Would you like something to drink?復(fù)合不定代詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式例:Somebody wants to see you.形容詞修飾復(fù)合不定代詞something/anything/everything/nothing等時(shí)，要放在不定代詞后面3.learn about意為“獲悉，得知，了解到”，about是介詞，后

20、接名詞、代詞做賓語(yǔ)，about 也可用of代替例：We re all sorry to learn about her illness.4.listen to意為“聽”后接名詞，代詞例：listen to the radio5.more than 后接數(shù)詞，表示超出該數(shù)，意為“超過，多于”，相當(dāng)于over例：He has been ill for more than two weeks.6. know about意為“了解、獲悉、知道關(guān)于的情況”know about+名詞、代詞做賓語(yǔ)例：I know nothing about her.know of意為“了解”,有時(shí)可以與know about

21、互換，但know of強(qiáng)調(diào)聽說過、知道，但不一定了解7.maybe/perhaps/possibly/probably可能區(qū)別maybe 副詞 或許、大概-非正式場(chǎng)合，語(yǔ)氣比perhaps輕，常用口語(yǔ)例：Maybe they will let me go.perhaps 副詞可能、也許（也許如此，也許不如此，一般小于一半可能性，含有不大可能意味）例：But perhaps they dont know that yet.possibly副詞 可能、也許（可能性較大、用于否定句中表示無論如何之意例：Exercise will not only lower blood pressure but p

22、ossibly protect against heart attack.Probably 副詞 很可能、大概（可能性最大，幾乎完全可定之意例：This is probably the best vacation Ive ever hard.8. look up 意為“ 查找” 副詞短語(yǔ)look up+名詞、代詞做賓語(yǔ)，如果代詞做賓語(yǔ)，則放在look與up之間，且不能把表示書或詞典的名詞作為該短語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)，而應(yīng)在其后加介詞in ,再接表示書或詞典的名詞如：please look it up in a dictionary.9.for example意為“ 例如”，插入語(yǔ)，可放在句首、句中和句尾，

23、但常用逗號(hào)隔開例：We feed many animals , for example, cows ,pigs, etc.10. on Earth 在地球上，在世界上，固定短語(yǔ)on earth 究竟，副詞詞性，一般用于who、what、when、why、how等疑問詞后加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。如：Where on earth have you been just now?剛才你究竟到哪兒去了？第七天connect to意為“把與連接起來，使與相關(guān)聯(lián)”例：Connect the hose to the tap and turn on the tap right away.2. one day 某一天、總有一天

24、，時(shí)間副詞3. else 別的、其它的，通常修飾不定代詞something anything everything nothing someone everyone等、疑問代詞what who which等、疑問副詞when where等，用在這些詞之后例如：Who else did you see?你還看得見別人嗎4.find out 查明、發(fā)現(xiàn)、弄清（強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)過調(diào)查研究、或仔細(xì)搜尋而得出的真相或結(jié)論）例：We shall find out the truth early or late.look for 尋找，著重找的過程例：I looked for my cat, but I didnt

25、find it.5.for example和such as 區(qū)別（例如）for example 一般只列舉同類人或事物中的一個(gè)為例，做插入語(yǔ)，可放在句首、句中、句末，一般用逗號(hào)隔開。such as一般列舉同類人或事物中的幾個(gè)為例，插在被列舉事物與前面的名詞之間，as后面不可有逗號(hào)。例如：For example, I will help you with your study I know many of them. such as Mike, Tom and Bill6. would like sth 想要某物 相當(dāng)于want sthwould like +名詞、代詞做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)的一般疑問句的答語(yǔ)

26、：肯定回答一般用Yes,please.否定回答一般用NO,thanks7.expect/ wait for/ look forword to 區(qū)別expect 期待、指望、認(rèn)為 vt expect+名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定時(shí)或從句We are expecting a rise in food prices this month.expect 強(qiáng)調(diào)等待的心境（期待某事會(huì)發(fā)生，某人會(huì)來），可以是好事，也可是壞事wait for 強(qiáng)調(diào)等待的“活動(dòng)”（即不做別的事，待在某處去等）look forword to 強(qiáng)調(diào)期待者“懷有愉快的心情”所以被期待的事情必然是愉快的事情8.You are welcome.不用謝！同意：That is all right./Not at all./My pleasure/It