教程說(shuō)明教案week08debate

1、Week 8Critical Review PPT Presentation:“Why do Internet users support Yuebao?”Review Section Analysis Section Evaluation & Interpretation Section DebateUnit 13What is debate? A controlled discussion “Debaters” argue a precise question use logical reasoning avoid fallacies or faulty thinking The goal

2、 is to Win the argument.Technical Terms use in Logic & DebatesTake notes. Technical Terms used in LogicLogic / ReasoningInference and ObservationFallaciesPersonal Attacks.NEW Circular Reasoning.NEWDiversion.NEWAppeal to IgnoranceSlippery SlopeFalse AlternativesHasty GeneralizationQuestionable Analog

3、yLogic/ReasoningWe use logic and reasoning when debating.What is Logic? A justifiable claim or thinking Example: 1+1=2Example: Its cold outside. My coat keeps me warm. Therefore, I should wear my coat when I go outside.Inference & ObservationInferenceWhen you assume something to be true even though

4、you have not directly observed it.ObservationTo observe something carefully to obtain information.Fallacy An argument made from a flawed or false inference. Examples include:Personal attacksCircular reasoningDiversionAppeal to ignoranceSlippery slopeFalse alternatives / dilemmaHasty generalizationsQ

5、uestionable analogiesFallacy: Personal AttacksA personal attack occurs when a logical argument is ignored and an attack is made on the person involved.While it may occur, it is not always true.Example: “Mr. Jones says that cars harm the environment. But, Mr. Jones owns a car! How can he say this is

6、bad?”Fallacy: Circular ReasoningCircular reasoning occurs when an argument is made by restating the question of debate.Example: We should help the poor because we must care for those less fortunate than ourselves.This says I think this is true because its true. Fallacy: DiversionA diversion is an ar

7、gument that steers the debate away from the real question.Example: Q: What is your opinion on abortion? Should it be legal?A: Im glad you asked me that. This question is important for all people around the world.The answer may be true, but it does not answer the question.Fallacy: Appeal to Ignorance

8、An appeal to ignorance states that something is true because it cannot be proven false, or vice versa.Example: No one has proven that Santa Claus does not exist, so he must be real.It might be true that Santa exists, but we have no evidence to support our claim.Ho Ho Ho.Fallacy: Slippery SlopeA slip

9、pery slope states that one step in a possible series of events always leads to the next possible steps.Example: Once someone drinks one beer, they will eventually e an alcoholic. While it may occur in some instances, it is not always true.Fallacy: False AlternativesExample: Any experience that does

10、not kill you, will make you stronger.It may make you stronger, weaker or even unchanged (like a car accident).A false alternative is failure to consider other possibilities.Fallacy: Hasty GeneralizationHasty generalization assumes a general conclusion can be made based on one exceptional case or sma

11、ll sample.Example: She is a woman, she must want to get married and have children.Fallacy: Questionable AnalogiesQuestionable analogies assume you can compare two unlike items, such as comparing apples to pears.Example:If you put too much pressure on a bridge it collapses; the same is true of people

12、, they also collapse under pressure.While some people might collapse under too much stress, others grow stronger, and some are unchanged.Technical Terms used in an ArgumentArgumentWhat is a Premise? The core idea that the argument is based on. Debate Topic: Should smoking be illegal?For: Premise smo

13、king is bad for healthAgainst: Premise freedom of choiceArgumentWhat is a Proposition?A statement that is either true or falseArgumentWhat is a Conclusion?A summary of your argument persuading the other side that your argument is better than theirs. the final step in a debate. Example ArgumentPremis

14、e All corporations need a reliable IT networkProposition Cisco has the best network hardwareConclusion Therefore, buy Cisco network hardware Technical Terms for DebateDebateThe debate has three parts: Part 1: Opening statementsPart 2: RebuttalsPart 3: ConclusionOpening Statementsfirst step in a deba

15、te They allow you to present your side of the argument.Teams use logical arguments to build their argument during this phase.Opponents should take notes and devise counter-arguments during this phase.For class purposes, this will be limited to 3 minutes per group.Rebuttalssecond step of the debateTh

16、ey give you a chance to criticize the other teams opening.Teams should use their preparation and notes taken during their opponents opening to tear down the opposing argument.3 minutes per group.Debate PreparationWhen preparing for a debate, teams must concentrate on two areas:Forming their argument

17、Defeating their opponents argumentYou must see both sides of an argument to properly debate it.Debate FormatTeam 1 Opening: 3 minutesTeam 2 Opening: 3 minutesTeam talk for preparation: 3 minutesTeam 1 Rebuttal: 3 minutesTeam 2 Rebuttal: 3 minutes6. 5 minutes of Free or Open Debate2 min. Prepare for

18、conclusionConclusion from Team 1: 2 minutes Conclusion from Team 2: 2 minutes Class Votes = Who Won?There is always a winner in a debate.Group DebateI will assign you to work with an opposing group.Decide on your topic with your opponent.From each team decide who will: give the openinggive the rebut

19、tal give the conclusion4. Work together to research the topic and build strong arguments.Example Debate TopicsSmoking Should Be Banned in Public PlacesThe Death Penalty Should Be Abolished in all CountriesThe Internet Needs to Be More Strongly RegulatedAlcohol should be illegalFemales are better students than malesIts better to be single than marriedNext week: