大學(xué)英語六級寫作輔導(dǎo)2

1、大學(xué)英語六級寫作輔導(dǎo)六級寫作題型特點 一、對比觀點選擇題: 1、大多為三點提綱：有一些人；還有人； 我的看法或觀點； 2、少數(shù)時候也會出現(xiàn)兩點提綱的情況，此時可以補(bǔ) 充成三點提綱來寫作。 3、歷年真題：2000.6； 1999.6； 1998.6； 1997.6；1996.1；1995.6；1993.6； 1993.1 六級寫作題型特點二、 社會熱點話題: 1、三點提綱，但常以兩點提綱出現(xiàn)； 2、如果是兩點提綱，則補(bǔ)充成三點提綱寫作。 3、常用模式為：現(xiàn)象概述-細(xì)節(jié)（原因、危害、 方式等）-自我評論 4、歷年真題：2002.12； 2000.12； 2000.1； 1999.1； 1997.1

2、2； 1995.1；三、圖標(biāo)題；Report: 1、以圖表作為信息來源的寫作模式 2、通常模式為：描述圖表-解釋原因-自我評論 3、歷年真題：2003.6/ 2000.6/ 1996.6/ 1992.1/ 1991.6 四、書信題: 1、寫書信 2、歷年真題：2001.6； 2002.1； 五、諺語格言題: 1、文章題目為一句格言或諺語 2、通常模式為：解釋諺語-舉例論證-畫龍點睛 3、歷年真題：1997.1； 評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)本題滿分15分閱卷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)共分五等：2分、5分、8分、11分及14分14分 切題。表達(dá)思想清楚，文字通順、連貫?；旧蠠o語言錯誤，僅有個別小錯。11分 切題。表達(dá)思想清楚，文字連貫

3、，但有少量語言錯誤。8分 基本切題。有些地方表達(dá)思想不夠清楚，文字勉強(qiáng)連貫；語言錯誤相當(dāng)多，其中有一些是嚴(yán)重錯誤。5分 基本切題。表達(dá)思想不清楚，連貫性差。有較多的嚴(yán)重語言錯誤。2分 條理不清，思路紊亂，語言支離破碎或大部分句子均有錯誤，且多數(shù)為嚴(yán)重錯誤。考生寫作主要障礙審題匆忙，偏離主題思路狹窄，內(nèi)容貧乏或思想過寬，文章松散句子結(jié)構(gòu)錯誤，邏輯混亂母語痕跡明顯用詞搭配不當(dāng)語言形式單一化語篇不連貫，缺乏邏輯性語法錯誤五步寫作流程一審：審題（確定文章體裁、主題句、關(guān)鍵信息和時間字?jǐn)?shù)的限制）2-3分鐘二想：想素材（發(fā)散思維，想出與文章主題有關(guān)的素材及常用詞匯）3-4分鐘三列：列提綱（確定寫作基點，將

4、想到的素材組織成段，列出每段提綱）3-4分鐘四寫：寫作（根據(jù)提綱和積累詞匯，進(jìn)行正文寫作）15-20分鐘五改：檢查修改（檢查標(biāo)點、拼寫和語法等錯誤，注意字?jǐn)?shù)是否達(dá)到要求）1-2分鐘真題分析：1.現(xiàn)象解釋型提綱：第一段 描述現(xiàn)象；第二段 分析產(chǎn)生這種現(xiàn)象的原因以及可能會 帶來的影響；第三段 針對現(xiàn)象作出評論，表明自己的態(tài)度、 觀點或做法以及如何在日常行為中有 效地消除這種現(xiàn)象或其不利方面。典型真題1Reduce Waste on Campus有些大學(xué)校園浪費現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重浪費的危害杜絕浪費，從我做起B(yǎng)rainstorm 1一審：題型屬于提綱式作文；體裁屬于議論文；三段式結(jié)構(gòu)已給出主要論點；論述重點為浪

5、費現(xiàn)象的危害和如何杜絕浪費二想Reduce Waste on CampusSustainabledevelopment個人健康成長資源短缺Nonrenewableresources剩菜剩飯浪費水長明燈浪費錢在衣服和網(wǎng)絡(luò)上extravagance三列Reduce WasteOn Campus1.有些大學(xué)校園浪費現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重2.浪費的危害3.杜絕浪費，從我做起食堂：dump down food宿舍：浪費水、長明燈浪費錢在衣服和網(wǎng)絡(luò)上不利于社會可持續(xù)發(fā)展不利于個人健康成長Change a little bit every dayBe bound to be eliminated四寫Reduce Wast

6、e on Campus Nowadays waste has become a very seriousproblem in many colleges. In canteen, dumpingdown a large amount of food becomes acommon phenomenon; in dormitories, leavinglights or taps on for a whole day is not unusual;spending money in buying useless fancyclothes or surfing on the Internet da

7、y and nightbecome common practices.As a matter of fact, we, as college students, shouldnt be ignorant of the harms waste brings to both the sustainable development of our society and our individual growth. In the first place, our country is still suffering from a shortage of natural resources. If we

8、 keep wasting these nonrenewable resources, we will get nothing left for our offspring. In the second place, waste is a breeding ground for extravagance, which is condemned strongly by us Chinese people either in history or in modern society. Therefore, we must shoulder the responsibility of reducin

9、g waste. We can just start reducing waste from the little things under our noses. As long as we try to change a little bit everyday, waste is bound to be eliminated on campus.五改通覽全文，注意拼寫（尤其是大小寫）及時態(tài)、語態(tài)、一致關(guān)系、詞性、搭配和標(biāo)點等語法錯誤。真題分析：2.問題解決型提綱：第一段 直接列舉問題或中心第二段 分析問題產(chǎn)生的原因或解決的方法第三段 不詳細(xì)闡述，簡單總結(jié)即可典型真題2How to Impro

10、ve Students Mental Health大學(xué)生的心理健康十分重要為此，學(xué)?？梢晕覀冏约簯?yīng)當(dāng)Brainstorm 2一審：題型屬于提綱式作文；體裁屬于說明文；三段式結(jié)構(gòu)已給出主要論點：第一段闡述心理健康的重要性；第二段寫學(xué)校在保障大學(xué)生心理健康方面可以采取的措施；第三段寫學(xué)生自身如何避免或應(yīng)對心理問題；論述重點為mental health。二想Students Mental Health聽音樂、做運動自我調(diào)節(jié)Pressure, Negative feeling學(xué)生及時尋求幫助抑郁癥、大學(xué)生自殺事件PsychologicalcounselingMore communication 三列H

11、ow to ImproveStudents MentalHealth1.心理健康的重要性2. 學(xué)校采取的措施3.學(xué)生如何避免或應(yīng)對心理不健康問題保證工作學(xué)習(xí)正常進(jìn)行提供psychological counseling老師多關(guān)注學(xué)生，多一些交流和幫助Listen to music and do sports如有問題：ask for help in time四寫 How to Improve Students Mental Health With heavier workload and increased responsibilities, many students suffer depres

12、sion or other mental illnesses. Mental health problems can result in social isolation, poor health and even suicide attempt. Without sound mental health, their life may be disrupted and even totally destroyed. Feasible measures must be taken by school authorities to help university students maintain

13、 and improve their mental health. First, counseling centers should be established so that students can have access to regular professional psychological counseling. Second, teachers are advised to communicate with students frequently about their life and study to locate problems timely and offer imm

14、ediate help to those who have psychological problems.As university students, we should also have our own ways to relieve pressure and discard negative feelings. Listening to music, taking a brisk walk, doing yoga or having a conversation with a positive friend can all help us maintain sound mental h

15、ealth. Whats more, when we are aware of the problems, we should ask for help in time.五改通覽全文，注意拼寫（尤其是大小寫）及時態(tài)、語態(tài)、一致關(guān)系、詞性、搭配和標(biāo)點等語法錯誤。真題分析：3.對比選擇型提綱：第一段 針對主題闡述一種觀點；第二段 闡述另一種觀點；第三段 闡明自己的立場。或第一段 引出比較的對象；第二、三段 對事物的優(yōu)缺點，或?qū)Σ煌?觀點進(jìn)行分析比較；第四段 表明自己的看法（可參見六級后續(xù)課教材p.10-12）典型真題3Reading Selectively or Extensively有人認(rèn)為讀

16、書要有選擇有人認(rèn)為應(yīng)當(dāng)博覽群書我的看法Brainstorm 3一審：題型屬于提綱式作文；體裁屬于比較型議論文；全文為三段式結(jié)構(gòu)，題目已給出主要論點。建議加一個引言段；關(guān)鍵信息是對比閱讀的兩種方式selectively和extensively。要分段闡述這兩種不同觀點，并說明理由。二想Reading SelectivelyOr Extensively學(xué)科知識相互交叉開闊視野Keep up with the changes around us全面發(fā)展Personal tasteand needs時間精力有限深入研究專業(yè)領(lǐng)域Not every bookIs useful三列Reading Selec

17、tivelyOr Extensively1.總述，點明話題2. 讀書要有選擇3.應(yīng)當(dāng)博覽群書引出該有選擇性讀書還是該廣泛閱讀Time and energy is limitedNot every book is useful to usKeep up with the changes around us 各學(xué)科知識交叉滲透，而非獨立根據(jù)個人愛好和需要進(jìn)行選擇4. 我的看法Broaden our horizons & develop all-round abilities各有利弊，相互結(jié)合四寫Reading Selectively or Extensively Books are the ste

18、pping stones to human progress. Like talking with knowledgeable persons, reading books can build our minds. However, should we read selectively or extensively? Views vary from person to person.Quite a few people hold that books should be read selectively since our time and energy are limited. Beside

19、s, not every book is of benefit to us. We must pick the suitable ones to achieve high efficiency and gain more specialized knowledge in our major field. What to choose lies in our own personal tastes and needs.Other people insist on reading extensively. They claim that we will be able to keep up wit

20、h the changes around us if we do read extensively. Now branches of knowledge overlap rather than stay separated from each other. Reading extensively can broaden our horizons, develop all-round abilities, and make us grasp the general knowledge in different fields.As far as Im concerned, both the two

21、 reading ways have their pros and cons during our reading process, so why not combine them together?五改通覽全文，注意拼寫（尤其是大小寫）及時態(tài)、語態(tài)、一致關(guān)系、詞性、搭配和標(biāo)點等語法錯誤。真題分析：4.圖表作文型提綱：第一段 描述圖表，指出圖表顯示的問題 或現(xiàn)象；第二段 對該現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行解釋和分析；第三段 總結(jié)。 注意!圖表作文一定不要大量地羅列數(shù)據(jù)，而要指出 出上升或下降的態(tài)勢。典型真題4Travelling Abroad近十年來某城市越來越多的人選擇出境旅游出現(xiàn)這種現(xiàn)象的原因這種現(xiàn)象可能產(chǎn)生的

22、影響B(tài)rainstorm 4一審：題型屬于提綱式作文；體裁屬于圖表型議論文；全文為三段式結(jié)構(gòu)，題目已給出各段主要論點；關(guān)鍵信息是traveling abroad，重點在于分析境外游越來越熱的原因和可能產(chǎn)生的影響。二想Traveling Abroadbetter transportation改革開放政策和全球化發(fā)展broaden horizons習(xí)俗差異造成誤解破壞環(huán)境cultural exchange促進(jìn)當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展生活水平提高三列Traveling Abroad1.描述圖表2. 出現(xiàn)這種現(xiàn)象的原因出境旅游人數(shù)逐年上升1995年：10 0002000年：40 0002005年：120 000P

23、romote cultural exchange, broaden peoples mind種族歧視和習(xí)俗差異導(dǎo)致誤解Cause damage to local environment人們生活水平提高globalization & the reform and opening-up policybetter transportation system3.可能產(chǎn)生的影響四寫Traveling AbroadThe bar chart shows the changes in the number of people traveling abroad from 1995 to 2005. It ca

24、n be clearly seen in the graph that there were only 10 thousand people traveling overseas in 1995. In 2000, the figure rose to approximately 40 thousand, after which it increased considerably to 120 thousand in 2005.Several factors contribute to this phenomenon. First, the rapid economic growth in C

25、hina has led to a tremendous improvement in peoples living standard, so increasing numbers of people can afford the overseas travel. Second, the globalization and the reform and opening-up policy in our country have also made it possible for people to gain insights into the outside world, and theref

26、ore they have the desire to go out. Third, the technological advances have guaranteed us a better transportation system, which makes overseas travel more convenient faster and much cheaper.The outbound tourism has both positive and negative impacts. On the one hand, it promotes cultural exchange bet

27、ween countries and broadens peoples horizons. On the other hand, it boosts the tourism industry and therefore benefits the local economy. However, the existence of racial discrimination and different customs may also cause misunderstandings between people from different cultures. Moreover, the boomi

28、ng tourism industry will also cause damage to local environment.五改通覽全文，注意拼寫（尤其是大小寫）及時態(tài)、語態(tài)、一致關(guān)系、詞性、搭配和標(biāo)點等語法錯誤。圖表型作文解析此類作文要求從提示性文字或圖表、圖畫入手，解釋提示性文字、圖表、圖畫反映出的問題，提出問題的危害性或解決這一問題的緊迫性；然后對問題展開分析，提出解決問題的方案或應(yīng)對措施；最后一段要求考生表明自己的態(tài)度、做法等圖表開頭寫法A. 本_圖表明了 在某個時間段（比如某年到某年之間） 某個研究對象 （如何變化）的情況/數(shù)字/百分比。.具體挑出最高值，最低值，增長變化的趨勢就

29、可以了模仿練習(xí)1996年的真題It can be seen from the graph that the developing countries have made remarkable/considerable progress in peoples health. From 1960 to 1990 life expectancy increased by 50%. At the same time/meanwhile, there was a dramatic decline in infant mortality(字?jǐn)?shù)嫌少加上下面的話from 200 deaths per 100

30、birth in 1960 to 100 in 1990)B 版本As is seen from the table / graph / chart, _ （圖表所描述的事物A） ascend significantly from _ （數(shù)字1） in _ （年份1） to _ （數(shù)字2） in _ （年份2） while over the same period, _ （圖表所描述的事物B） shrank slightly from _ （數(shù)字3） to _ （數(shù)字4）. It can be observed easily that _ （分析圖表所反映的問題）.如曲線圖所示，從1980年到

31、1982年，擁有個人電腦的美國家庭的百分比，從大約0.2%緩慢上升到正好5%。然后這一百分比又急劇上升，達(dá)到1983年的大約10%。此后，該百分比持續(xù)上升，直到達(dá)到了1988年的最高值21.0%。As the curve indicates, the percentage of American families who owned personal computers increased gradually from approximately 0.2% in 1980 to exactly 5% in 1982. Then, there was a substantial increase

32、 in this proportion, reaching some 10% in 1983. Finally, the period between 1983 to 1988 witnessed a steady growth, to the peak of 21.0% in the latter year. It can be observed easily that computer has become an indispensable part for American society.第二段： 給出原因第三段：解決方案， 或趨勢預(yù)測和現(xiàn)象型沒有任何區(qū)別Car accidents d

33、eclining in Walton City 1991.6-練習(xí)Car Accidents Declining in Walton City.-圖表作文一定不要大量地羅列數(shù)據(jù)，而要指出出上升或下降的態(tài)勢。在這個圖表中，總的趨勢在下降，但是在過程中有的在下降有的在上升。2. possible reasons法規(guī)更健全和嚴(yán)格 行人和司機(jī)更遵守交通規(guī)則路況更好了車的質(zhì)量更好了From January to March last year it increased by 45%.（或?qū)懗蒳ncrease from 22% to 32%） From March to June it dropped b

34、y about half the previous rate. From January to March last year it increased by 45%. From March to June it dropped by about half the previous rate. From June to August there was a steep rise of 50%. After that, however, there was a steady decrease.描述圖表！升Increasego upGrowRiseAscend ClimbJump躍升Skyrock

35、etshoot up soar降Decrease go down decline fall descend drop dive plummet precipitate幅度大、劇烈的詞Sharply/dramatically/abruptly/steeply/significantly/substantially/noticeably/remarkably/greatly/quickly/unexpectedly幅度小、緩慢的詞Stably/steadily/marginallyslowly/gradually/slightly保持不變的詞 Keep, remain, stay ,stabili

36、ze, level off波動的詞：fluctuateSentence Patterns to describe a graph A. There be句型： “There is “變化名詞”+in the number of +被描述對象在1975-2005這30年的時間里，騎自行車的人的數(shù)量緩慢下降了。During the 3 decades from 1975 to 2005, there was a gradual decline in the number of bicyclists. 真題分析：5.應(yīng)用書信型提綱：第一段 根據(jù)題目規(guī)定的特定場景描述 事實；第二段 明確闡述自己寫信的

37、原因、動 機(jī)和目的；第三段 表明愿望或提出建議。應(yīng)用文寫作（書信）公務(wù)書信求職類. 投訴類. 邀請類感謝類 私人信件：2001年六月 典型真題5 2005.12Write a letter to a company declining a job offer對公司提供職位表示感謝解釋為何不能接受所提供的職位希望予以諒解，并表達(dá)對公司的良好祝愿二想Declining a Job Offer職業(yè)規(guī)劃工作地點工資水平已經(jīng)接受其他職位Extend appreciation祝愿：success/bright futureEducational background學(xué)歷、專業(yè)知識提供的職位：telemar

38、keter三列Declining aJob Offer1.對公司提供職位表示感謝2. 解釋不能接受職位的原因3.希望予以諒解，表達(dá)對公司的良好祝愿點明提供的職位表示謝意：Their efforts & time已接受其他職位The best continued success in the future理由設(shè)計因素：Educational background, skills, career aspiration四寫A Letter Declining a Job OfferDec. 24th, 2005Dear Manager,I am very grateful for the time and effort you spent considering me for the position as a telemarketer in the world-reno