高考冠詞用法及練習(xí)題和答案

1、 不定冠詞（a/an ）的基本用法與可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)連用, 表示類別。- I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over the keyboard.- You shouldn t put drinks near a computer.泛指某人或某物, 表示“某一個(gè)”, 相當(dāng)于 a certain 。- Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?- Sorry, wrong number. There isn t a Mr. Smith here.用于數(shù)量、時(shí)間等名詞前，表示“每一（單位）的”。I earn 10 dolla

2、rs an hour as a supermarket cashier on Saturdays.在抽象名詞、物質(zhì)名詞前（特別是這兩種名詞有定語(yǔ)修飾時(shí)） 用不定冠詞, 使之意義具體化表示“一種”、“一件”、“一份”等。It is an honour for meto be invited to the party. 我被邀請(qǐng)參加聚會(huì)是一種榮譽(yù)。（honour是抽象名詞,an honour 指一件榮譽(yù)的事）定冠詞 （the） 的基本用法用來(lái)特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。所特指的名詞常被短語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)從句所修飾。Of all the reasons for my decision to become

3、a university professor, my father sadvice was the most important one.指說(shuō)話的雙方都知道的人或事物。Don t worry if you can t come to the party. I ll save some cake for you.復(fù)述上文中提到的事物。There is a shelf in my father s room. The shelf is new.用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞之前, 表示該類事物, 相當(dāng)于 a 。When you come here for your holiday next time, don

4、t go to the hotel; I can findyou a bed in my flat.序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)前。比較級(jí)前若表示特指時(shí)也要用定冠詞the 。The cakes are delicious. He d like to have a third one because the second one is rather too small.用于復(fù)數(shù)姓氏之前, 表示“夫婦”或“全家”。the Smiths表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二事物的名詞前。the sun, the moon, the earth, the world用于由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞、江河、山脈、湖泊、海洋、群島、海峽

5、、海灣運(yùn)河及些建筑物等名稱前。According to the World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent the spread of AIDS.在某些形容詞之前, 可表示某一類人。the rich, the poor, the old, the wounded, the living, the dead零冠詞 （ 無(wú)冠詞 ） 情況：.人名、地名（街名、廣場(chǎng)名、公園名） 、大學(xué)名、國(guó)名、病名前。Wang Fu Jing Street, Pei Hai Park北海公園,

6、Beijing University 但也可說(shuō) theUniversity of Beijing 。.抽象名詞表示一般概念時(shí)，一般不用冠詞。When you finish reading the book, you will have a better understanding of life.物質(zhì)名詞表示一般概念時(shí)，一般不用冠詞。The warmth of the sweater will of course be determined by the sort of wool used.表示職位或頭銜的抽象名詞前，常不用冠詞。但表示具體的人時(shí)，加the。We will elect engi

7、neer Liu director of our factory.類似的名詞還有：president,monitor, headmaster, mayor 等。.表示季節(jié)、月份、星期幾、節(jié)、假日等表示時(shí)間的名稱前，不用冠詞。但我國(guó)的陰歷節(jié)前要用 the。 Children s Day, Women s Day, May Day the Spring Festival 。作人類講時(shí)，同human, mankind 一樣不用冠詞。While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made a discovery, wh

8、ich completely changed man s understanding of color.復(fù)數(shù)名詞前不用冠詞泛指類別。It is often said that teachers have a very easy life.二.冠詞的語(yǔ)義分析（根據(jù)語(yǔ)境判斷特指與泛指）泛指和特指是每年高考必考的一組概念 ，在英語(yǔ)中廣泛使用?！胺褐浮笔侵钙毡椤⒉淮_定的 人或事物，而“特指”則是指具體、特定的人或事物。泛指與特指可以說(shuō)是精與細(xì)的區(qū)別 ： 前者側(cè)重于全面撒網(wǎng)，而后者旨在重點(diǎn)培養(yǎng)。具體來(lái)講 ，其兩者區(qū)別如下：.泛指是指首次提到的，不限定的人或事物；特指是指在上文已提到的人或事物，或是指被限

9、制性修飾語(yǔ)在其后加以限定意義的人或事物，也可以是指說(shuō)話者雙方心目中所默認(rèn)的特指的人或事物。A boy is playing basketball.（泛指）Do you like the boy who are playing basketball?（特指）.泛指：一般的指，是和“特指”相對(duì)的；特指：是專門的指 ，和“泛指”相對(duì)。I have a car.（泛指）The car is red.（特指）.泛指：無(wú)特別指定對(duì)象，是和“特指”相對(duì)的；特指：有特別指定對(duì)象，和“泛指”相對(duì)。My mother works in a hospital.（泛指）The hospital where my mo

10、ther works is in the center of the city.（特指）三.冠詞的固定搭配單一固定詞組中冠詞的使用1.不定冠詞固定詞組give sb. a ride順便帶某人一程a couple of幾個(gè)have a good timer過(guò)得很愉快keep a diary寫日記in a hurry急忙地once in a while偶爾地tell a lie說(shuō)謊do sb. a favor幫某人的忙give sb. a hand幫忙once upon a time從前all of a sudden突然地as a matter of fact事實(shí)上as a result (of)

11、作為（）的結(jié)果in a word總團(tuán)百之have a word with與說(shuō)句話have/take a look (at)乍乍have/take a rest休息一下put an end to結(jié)束2.定冠詞固定詞組play the piano彈鋼琴the whole整個(gè)the same同樣的go to the cinema去后電影3.零冠詞固定詞組on foot步行by train/ boat / plane乘火車/船/飛機(jī)in fact事實(shí)上in class在上課in church在教堂in danger在危附中in hospital在醫(yī)院in bed在床上at home在家at schoo

12、l什宇校at night在晚上at noon同午go to bed去睡覺(jué)go to college:上力play chess下棋have lunch吃午餐go to school去上學(xué)play basketball打籃球用與不用冠詞的對(duì)比差異in hospital生病住院in the hospital在醫(yī)院里go to sea出海go to the sea去海邊on earth究竟on the earth在地上上,在世上in front of在（外部的）前回in the front of在 （內(nèi)部的）前回take place發(fā)生take the place（of）代替at table進(jìn)餐at

13、the table在桌子旁by sea乘船by the sea在海邊in future從今以后in the future舟out of question毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)out of the question不口能的,辦不到的【例題精講】（2011 山東卷，21 ） Take your time - it s just short distance from hereto restaurant.A.不填；the B. a; theC. the; aD.不填；a（2011 全國(guó)卷,33 ） It is generally accepted that boy must learn to stand up a

14、nd fight like a ; the ; the ;不填（2011 全國(guó)卷 II,16 ） As he reached front door, Jack saw strange sight.A. the;不填 B. a; the C.不填 a D. the; a（2011 四川卷，18 ） Spence,headmaster of the school, told us,“ fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”A.不填；A B. 不填；The ; The ; Apleasure 。（2010 山東）If

15、 we sit near front of the bus, we ll have betterview.;thespace, about 900 of whichD. a; theA. 不填；the B. 不填；a C. the; a D. the （2010 遼寧;thespace, about 900 of whichD. a; theA. the; the B.不填；the C. the;不填（2010 d匕京）First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get second chance to make f

16、irst impression.A. a; the B. the; the C. a; a D. the; a（2010 浙江）Many lifestyle patterns do such great harm to health that they actually speed up weakening of the human body.A. a; / B. /; theC. a; theD. /; /（2009 江西）Some people fear that air pollution may bring about changesin weather around the worl

17、d.A. /; the B. the; / C. an; the D. the; a（2009 海南）Let s go to cinema- that ll take your mind off the problem for whileA. the; the B. the; a C. a; theD. a ; a（2009 陜西）What pity that you couldn t be there to receive prize!A. a; a B. the; a C. a; the D. the; the2009 四川）In order to find better job, he

18、decided to study second foreign language.A. the; a B. a; a C. the; the D. a; the（2008 湖南）Have you heard news ? The piece of petrol is going upagain!A. the, the B.不填，the C. the, 不填D.不填，不填（2008 江蘇）We went right round to the west coast by sea instead of driving across continent.A. the; theB.不填；theC. th

19、e; 不填D.不填；不填（2008 山東）Students should be encouraged to use Internet as resource.A. 不填；aB.不填；theC. th re; theD. the; a（2008 江西）-I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.-It is not your fault. With rush-hour traffic and heavy rain, it isno wonder you were lat e.D. /; aD. /; a（2008 遼寧）My neighbor

20、 asked me to go for walk, but I don t think I vegot energy.A. a; 不填B. the; theC. 不填； theD. a; the（2008 全國(guó) II ） It s not good idea to drive for four hours without break.A. a ; a B. the ; a C. the ; the D. a ; the（2008 浙江）apple fell from the tree and hit him on head.A. An; the B. The; the C. An;不填 D.

21、The; 不填（2008 重慶）In many places in China,bicycle is still popular meansof transportation.A. a; the B. /; a C. the; a D. the;the（2007 全國(guó) II ） Could you tell me the way to Johnsons, please? Sorry, we don t have Johnson here in the village.A. the; the B. the; a C. /; the D. the; / （2007 福建）一How about Ch

22、ristmas evening party? I should say it was success.; a; a; 不填; 不填（2007 四川）How about taking short break? I want to make call.A. the ； aB. a ； theC. the ； theD. a ； a（2007 浙江）I like color of your skirt. It is good match for your blouse. A. a; the B. a; a C. the; a D. the; the（2007 重慶）Gorge couldn t re

23、member when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was Sunday because everybody was at church.A. /; theB. the; /C. a; /D. /; a（2007 遼寧）Chrismas is special holiday when whole family aresupposed to get together.A. the, the B. a, a C. the, a D. a, the（2006 全國(guó) I ） - Hello, could I speak to Mr. Sm

24、ith? Sorry, wrong number. There isn tMr. Smith he re.A. 不填B. aC. theD. oneSome people fear that air pollution may bring about changes in weather around the world.A. /, theB. the, / C. an, the D. the, aLet s go tocinema - that ll take your mind off the problem forwhile.A. the, the B. the, a C. a, the

25、D. a, aIt s not good idea to drive for four hours without break.C. the, theD. a, theheavy rain, itC. the, theD. a, theheavy rain, itD./, aflow of people to areas of, ais stillpopular means ofthe, aD.head.The, /- I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.C./, /is alwaysC./, /is always, the bicy

26、cle, a, theIn the United States, there country where more jobs can be found., the, aIn many places in China, transportation.A. a, theB. /, athe, theapple fell from the tree and hit him on _A. An, theB. The, the C. An, /My neighbor asked me to go for walk, but I don t think I ve got energy.A. a, /B.

27、the, theC. /, theD. a,theThere are over 58, 000 rocky objects in space, about 900 of which couldfall down onto earth.A. the; the B.不填 ; the C. the;不填D. a; theimpressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get second chanceto makefirst impression.A. a; the B. the; the C. a; aD. the;a【課后作業(yè)】A組S

28、ince tasting the excitement of big city life, she never wants to live incountry again.A. the, the B. /, / C. the, / D. /, theThe operation is success and the patient is now out of danger.A. a, the B. a, /C. /, the D. /, /As writer, he was complete failure.A. a, aB. a, the C. /, /D. a, /I don t under

29、stand what the engineer means, but I ve got rough idea ofproject plan.A. the; aB. /; theC. the; /D. a; theThis is best kind of pen you can get here.A. the, the B.the, a C.the, / D.a, theAs is known to us all, tiger is in danger of becoming extinct.A. the, a B.the, / C.a, /D./, theHe spent too much t

30、ime talking on phone while we were all busy at work.A. the, / B. a, /C. /, /D. the,theAs unemployment is very high at the moment, it s very difficult for peopleto find work.A. the, /B./, /C. the, a D. an,theApartments in cities can be quite high. Renters are paying up to $1,000 per month for bedroom

31、 apartment.A. one a B. the one C. oneD. a oneeducation of young is always hot and serious topic.A. /,/B.the, aC./, theD.the,/oftenhaveconversationswith John over_ telephone, whilekeep intouch withTom by_ letter.A. /,theB./, aC.the, /D.the,aJohn has put forward most challenging question for us to ans

32、wer.- Yes, it really is. I have never heard harder one.A. the, / B. /, theC. the, the D. a,a“ What about school? ” “ It is as good, as anybody can see, schoolas No 1 Middle School Attached to Hunan Normal University. ”A. a, the B. the, a C. a, aD. the,themarket for used computers is getting larger a

33、nd larger as years go on.A. /, /B. the, /C. the, the D. /,the“ Charley Oakley, NBA All - star, hasn t missed game in the pastthree years. ” “ I can hardly believe it. ”A. an, the B. a, the C. the, aD. an,aB組To telltruth, his coming is reallybig surpriseto most people present at the party.A. /, aB. t

34、he,/C. the,aD. /, /Jack wanted to be university student, but in entrance examinationhe missed by a mile.A. a, anB. an,theC. the,anD. a, theon-going division between English - speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is major concern of the country.A. The, / B. The, a C. An, the D. An, /One w

35、ay to understand thousands of new words is to gain good knowledge ofbasic word formation.A. /B. theC. aD. one5. The cakes are delicious.He d like haveA. /B. theC. aD. one5. The cakes are delicious.He d like havethird one becausesecond oneis rather too small.D. the,A. a, aB. the, the C. a, theD. the,

36、In china, pressure to pass exams gives students the impression that learning comes from textbooks.A. /, / B. the, the C. the, /D. /, theRecently some studies have found that learning second language can leadto increase in one s brain power.A. a, the B. /, the C. a, an D. the, an- What do you remembe

37、r Alexander Graham Bell as?- As inventor of telephone.A. an, /B. the, aC. the, theD./, the- What in world do you like most in world?- I hope world is peaceful and fair world.A. the, the, the, theB. , the, the, C. , the, the, aD. the, the, the, awe all know, life is hard for any of us. If we livehapp

38、y life, wemust all work harder.A. , B. , aC. a,D. a, athe market, vegetables are sold by kilogram, I mean, by weight.A. the, / B./, /C.the, the D./,thepeople agree that knowledge of English is a must in internationaltrade today.A. the, an B. a, /C. the, the D. /,thecakes are delicious. I d like to h

39、ave third one as second one Iate was too small.A. the, the B. a, the C. the, aD. a,England of those years was England in peace.D. , anA. , D. , anDid you happen to see black and white cat?- Are they missing? I told you to take care of them.A. a, / B. the, /C. the, the D. a,theThe chairman will be pl

40、eased at scene that everything is in place.C. the, /activity for kids, is stillC. the, /activity for kids, is stillD. the, /D. /,important inthePlay, often seen as development of teenagers.A. the, the B. an, the C. an, /Sad to say, nowadays many people are still in habit of writing silly things inpu

41、blic places.A the, /B /, /C the, theD. /, theIt was exciting news that more than ten students in a single school wereadmitted to Tsinghua University in the same year. TOC o 1-5 h z A. one B. anC. /D. a- What have we got for supper?- I got huge fish at market opposite our school for only five pounds. A. the, the B.a, the C. the, aD.a, a- My flight was delayed because of heavy rain- But you