高中英語(yǔ) Language Points of reading課件 重大必修4

1、2021/8/11 星期三1重慶大學(xué)版高一 (4) Unit 42021/8/11 星期三2Unit 4 Language points2021/8/11 星期三31. At the end of 2000, Li, his family, and 610 other people left their native place and resettled in Guangrao County, Shandong Province. 2000年底， 李朝華一家，還有其他610個(gè)村民舉家遷離了他們的故鄉(xiāng)忠縣，來(lái)到了山東，在廣饒縣定居下來(lái)。 2021/8/11 星期三4at the end （of

2、） 在最后, 在盡頭。根據(jù)需要可接（of）, 后可接時(shí)間名詞也可接地點(diǎn)名詞。如：在街道的末尾有一家醫(yī)院。There is a hospital at the end of the street.上個(gè)月末， 一直都在下雨。It was raining at the end of last month.2021/8/11 星期三5辨析 in the end, at the end (of), 和by the end ofin the end不能接of。相當(dāng)于finally或 at last如: 最后他們登上了喜馬拉雅山山頂。In the end, they got to the top of th

3、e Himalaya Mountains.2021/8/11 星期三6 by the end of 意為“到為此”，常常用于完成時(shí)。 如：到下周末我們將會(huì)完成這幢大樓。By the end of next week we will have finished the building.我們的新圖書(shū)館是在上個(gè)月末完工的。By the end of last month our new library had been built.2021/8/11 星期三7聯(lián)想 其他end短語(yǔ)be at the dead end be at an end be at loose endsbe at ones w

4、its endbe at the end of ones ropebe the end of無(wú)法進(jìn)展下去結(jié)束，沒(méi)有了閑著沒(méi)事干計(jì)窮山窮水盡把毀了2021/8/11 星期三8come to an enddraw to an endmake ends meetodds and endsput an end toto the endto this (that) endwithout end 結(jié)束(快要)結(jié)束量入為出雜七雜八的東西結(jié)束, 制止到底為此目的沒(méi)完沒(méi)了2021/8/11 星期三92. They are among the first group of evacuees moving to a

5、nother province from the area of the Three Gorges Project.他們是首批遷往外省的三峽庫(kù)區(qū)移民。2021/8/11 星期三10(1) evacueethe person who is evacuated(被疏散的人) 后綴-ee表示“被的人”。 employee: the person who is employed (被雇傭的人) trainee: the person who is trained (被訓(xùn)練的人；新兵) trustee: the person who is trusted (被信賴的人；可信的人)2021/8/11 星期

6、三11(2) moving to another province from是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)，作定語(yǔ)，與其修飾的名詞之間存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系（主謂關(guān)系）。可轉(zhuǎn)換成定語(yǔ)從句。= who will move go another province from如：與會(huì)的人員都是專家和學(xué)者。The people coming to the conference are all experts and scholars.= The people who will come to the conference are all experts and scholars. 2021/8/11 星期三12擴(kuò)展 v-ing,

7、 v-ed, to do 都能作定語(yǔ)，但意義有所不同：1) v-ing可作前置定語(yǔ)也可作后置定語(yǔ)，與其修飾的名詞之間存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系 (主謂關(guān)系) 或表達(dá)進(jìn)行意義。The houses being built are for the teachers.I have never seen a more moving movie. 2021/8/11 星期三132) v-ed常作后置定語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)與其修飾的名詞之間存在的被動(dòng)關(guān)系（動(dòng)賓關(guān)系）或表達(dá)完成意義。 Things lost never come again.2021/8/11 星期三143) to do常作后置定語(yǔ)，不定式作定語(yǔ)與被修飾的中心詞之間

8、常表現(xiàn)為主謂關(guān)系或者動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。側(cè)重表達(dá)不定式的動(dòng)作稍后發(fā)生。 The Browns have a comfortable house to live in. The car to be bought is for his sister.2021/8/11 星期三15考題： His first book _ next month is based on a true story.（2010年陜西卷） A. published B. to be publishedC. to publish D. being published 【解析】本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞問(wèn)題作后置定語(yǔ)的用法。 由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)next

9、month可知所填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作, 用動(dòng)詞不定式, 其邏輯主語(yǔ)與publish之間存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系, 故用不定式的被動(dòng)式。B2021/8/11 星期三16考題： A great number of students _ said they were forced to practise the piano. (2010四川卷) A. to question B. to be questioned C. questioned D. questioningC解析: question與students存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，question表示的動(dòng)作也已完成，故用過(guò)去分詞。2021/8/11 星期三17

10、考題： Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one _ first is the library. （2010重慶卷）A. repaired B. being repairedC. repairing D. to be repaired解析: the one指代前面提到的buildings與repair是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，由前半句房屋需要修繕可知修繕這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在need之后，所以用to be repaired。D2021/8/11 星期三18考題： This is the only way we can imagine _ the o

11、veruse of water in students bathrooms. （2010年上海卷）A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduceB解析: 此處the way to do sth.表示“做某事的途徑、方法”。we can imagine作定語(yǔ), 修飾way，前面省略了that。2021/8/11 星期三19考題： Im calling to enquire about the position _ in yesterdays China Daily. (2010年北京卷)A. advertised B. to be advertised

12、C. advertising D. having advertisedA解析: 我打電話來(lái)咨詢一下昨天中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)上刊登的職位信息。advertise和position是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系, 故用過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng), 此處相當(dāng)于：which was advertised。2021/8/11 星期三20考題：The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and _ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.A. being weighed B. to weigh C. wei

13、ghed D. weighingD解析： 邏輯主語(yǔ)young children與weigh之間構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，應(yīng)用weigh的現(xiàn)在分詞 weighing，相當(dāng)于 “who weigh less than 40 pounds”2021/8/11 星期三213. As far back as 1991 and 1992, the Chinese Changjiang River Water Conservation Committee and governments at various levels in the area of the Three Gorges Project knew that

14、 by 2009, when the project is completed, a total of 1,084 square kilometers of land will be flooded and 125,00 people in 268 of towns and townships in 20 districts and counties will need to have been evacuated. 2021/8/11 星期三22遠(yuǎn)在1991年到1992年這段期間，中國(guó)長(zhǎng)江水資源保護(hù)委員會(huì)和三峽庫(kù)區(qū)的各級(jí)政府就已經(jīng)充分意識(shí)到， 在2009年三峽工程完全竣工前，將有總面積約1，

15、084平方公里的土地會(huì)被淹沒(méi)，20個(gè)區(qū)縣的268個(gè)鎮(zhèn)和鎮(zhèn)一級(jí)的125，000人需要重新安置。2021/8/11 星期三23(1) 該句是一個(gè)很長(zhǎng)的句子，主語(yǔ)部分是the Chinese Changjiang River Conservation Water Committee and goverments; 謂語(yǔ)是knew, 其后帶有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，它們是thata total of 1,084 square have been evacuated. when the project is completed 在句子中作定語(yǔ)，修飾前面的2009.(2) as far back as 1991an

16、d 1992相當(dāng)于as early as 1991 and 19922021/8/11 星期三24如: 早在上世紀(jì)末， 這種音樂(lè)就開(kāi)始在西方國(guó)家流行。As far back as the end of last century, this kind of music began to prevail in the west.早在唐朝，人們就開(kāi)始了這種習(xí)俗。As far back as the Tang Dynasty, people started the custom.2021/8/11 星期三25(3) at various level表示“各級(jí)的；各個(gè)水平的；各種水平的”如：各個(gè)級(jí)別的人

17、信都能適應(yīng)這項(xiàng)工作。People at various levels are fit for the job.書(shū)店里銷售各種層次的書(shū)。Books at various are on sale in this bookstore. 2021/8/11 星期三26聯(lián)想 與various連用的短語(yǔ)：various viewsvarious shapesfor various reasonsthe people of various countriesvarious members various ways to the top 各種觀點(diǎn) 不同的形狀 因種種理由 各國(guó)人民 各個(gè)成員 各條登頂?shù)穆?02

18、1/8/11 星期三274. The evacuation was to be carried out in two stages. 整個(gè)移民安置計(jì)劃分兩個(gè)階段進(jìn)行。(1) to do sth 是將來(lái)時(shí)的一種表達(dá)法, 表示“表示打算或即將做某事”。 如: 我們打算和一中進(jìn)行一次足球比賽。 We are to have a football match with the No. 1 Middle School. 請(qǐng)快點(diǎn)， 飛機(jī)即將起飛了。 The plane is to take off, hurry up, please.2021/8/11 星期三28聯(lián)想將來(lái)時(shí)的其他表達(dá)法： be going

19、 to表示打算做或準(zhǔn)備要做某事，或?qū)⒁l(fā)生或肯定要發(fā)生的事。(事先考慮要做某事)- Tom is in hospital.- Yes, I know. I am going to see him this afternoon.We are going to have a journey to the Great Wall next month.2021/8/11 星期三29She said that she was going to visit Europe with her parents in the summer vacation.她說(shuō)她打算在這個(gè)暑假同父母一起到歐洲旅游。be goin

20、g to 還可以表示現(xiàn)在的跡象，對(duì)未來(lái)進(jìn)行推斷。Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain.2021/8/11 星期三30 will/shall do (shall只用于第一人稱）表示將要發(fā)生的事， 是最常用的形式。（事物固有的屬性或必然趨勢(shì)；臨時(shí)決定要做某事）Fish will die without water.- You left the light on.- Oh, so I did. I will go and turn it off.2021/8/11 星期三31本周末我市將有一場(chǎng)足球比賽。There will be a footbal

21、l match in our city this weekend. 今天下午我們要去醫(yī)院看望我們的老師。We shall go to the hospital to see our teacher this afternoon.2021/8/11 星期三32be about to表示即將的將來(lái)要發(fā)生某事。很少與表示將來(lái)的具體時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用, 但可以和when引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句連用。 他正要離開(kāi)這時(shí)電話鈴響了。 He was about to leave when the telephone rang. 我正要跳河這時(shí)有個(gè)男的對(duì)我高呼。 I was about to jump into the riv

22、er when a man shouted to me.2021/8/11 星期三33有些表示移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞如come, go, stay, arrive, leave, begin, start, fly, get, reach等, 可以用進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)。 如: 下月我們要飛往巴黎。 Next month, we are flying for Paris. 你何時(shí)去廣州。 When are you getting to Guangzhou?2021/8/11 星期三34 有些動(dòng)詞如：take, have, take off, leave, start, arrive, etc.可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)

23、，表示按照時(shí)刻表或計(jì)劃將要發(fā)生的事。如：你什么時(shí)候進(jìn)行英語(yǔ)考試？When do you take your English exam?飛機(jī)每天下午三點(diǎn)起飛。The plane takes off at 3:00 in the afternoon tomorrow.2021/8/11 星期三35 在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般時(shí)表將來(lái)。 如： 如果你來(lái)參加我的生日晚會(huì)， 我會(huì)很高興的。 If you come to my birthday party, Ill be very happy. 當(dāng)你來(lái)時(shí)我會(huì)告訴你一切。 When you come here, Ill tell you wha

24、t happened.2021/8/11 星期三36考題： -Did you tell Julian about the result?-Oh, no, I forgot. I _ her now. A. will be calling B. will call C. am going to call D. am to callB解析: 分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng)可知, 只有B項(xiàng)表示臨時(shí)作出的決定或產(chǎn)生的想法。A項(xiàng)表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生的事; C項(xiàng)可表示預(yù)先安排好的要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作; D項(xiàng)表示早就有的打算。2021/8/11 星期三37考題： -Susan, you didnt come to the par

25、ty last night. -I _, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.A. had to B. would C. was going to D. wouldntC解析: 結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可判斷出“我”原本打算參加晚會(huì)的，但突然想起來(lái)有作業(yè)要做(而沒(méi)去)，故用was going to, 表示“事先已經(jīng)考慮好要做某事”2021/8/11 星期三38考題：- Ann is in hospital.- Oh, really? I _ know. I _ go and visit her. A. didnt; am going to B. don

26、t; would C. dont; will D. didnt; willD解析: 結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知“我”之前不知道 Ann住院了, 臨時(shí)決定要去看望她，因此第一空用一般過(guò)去時(shí), 第二空用will表示臨時(shí)決定要做某事。2021/8/11 星期三39考題：My parents have promised to come to see me before I _ for Africa.A. have left B. leave C. left D. will leaveB解析： 我父母答應(yīng)在我動(dòng)身去非洲前來(lái)看我。由此可以看出，“動(dòng)身去非洲”是一個(gè)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。因此時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。

27、2021/8/11 星期三40考題：Stand over there and you _ able to see the oil painting better.A. are B. will be C. were D. would be B解析: 此句構(gòu)成“祈使句+and/or+陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu), 其中and/or后的句子中的謂語(yǔ)常用“will+動(dòng)詞原形”。2021/8/11 星期三41(2) carry out 實(shí)現(xiàn)；完成；實(shí)行。強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果，表示“實(shí)現(xiàn)”。如：我們必須實(shí)現(xiàn)會(huì)議精神。We must carry out the spirit of the conference. 既然我們已經(jīng)制訂了這個(gè)

28、計(jì)劃， 下一步就是要認(rèn)真執(zhí)行了。Since we have made the plan, next we must carry it out carefully.工作做完我們才會(huì)停止。We wont stop until we have carried out my plan. 2021/8/11 星期三42聯(lián)想 carry on繼續(xù)；連續(xù)。 強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)程，表示“執(zhí)行”。如：盡管天色已晚，但他們還在繼續(xù)趕路。They carried on with their journey although it was very late.盡管條件極端困難，我們必須堅(jiān)持下去，直到成功。We must carr

29、y on till success in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.我們的計(jì)劃必須執(zhí)行下去直到將它實(shí)現(xiàn)。Our plan must be carried on until it is carried out.2021/8/11 星期三43考題：The meal over, the managers went back to the meeting room to _ their discussion. （2008年天津高考卷）A. put away B. take down C. look over D. carry on D解析：

30、 吃完飯后，經(jīng)理回到會(huì)議室繼續(xù)討論。carry on“繼續(xù)” 的意思。2021/8/11 星期三445. It guaranteed the closure of the dam across the Changjiang River. 這有力地確保了長(zhǎng)江流域的成功。(1) guarantee n. 1)保證; 擔(dān)保;保證書(shū)Dont forget to ask for guarantee when you buy commodities.當(dāng)你購(gòu)買商品時(shí)可別忘了索要保證書(shū)。The Partys correct leadership is the guarantee of our victorie

31、s.黨的正確領(lǐng)導(dǎo)確保了我們的勝利。2021/8/11 星期三452) 擔(dān)保品：抵押品He offered his house as a guarantee. 他以房屋為擔(dān)保。3) 擔(dān)保人Dont worry, I may stand guarantee for her. 別擔(dān)心，我可以作她的擔(dān)保人。2021/8/11 星期三46(stand guarantee for. 替擔(dān)任保證人) If you want to study abroad, you must have a guarantee.如果你想留學(xué)的話，你必須找一個(gè)擔(dān)保人。2021/8/11 星期三47(2) vt. 對(duì)提出擔(dān)保My

32、watch is guarantee for one year.我的表保修一年。As Party Members we must guarantee to carry out the Partys tasks.作為黨員, 我們必須保證完成黨的任務(wù)。Many shopkeepers guarantee satisfaction to customers. 許多店主對(duì)顧客保證滿意。2021/8/11 星期三486. people gathered at the bank to see them off.父老鄉(xiāng)親們齊聚岸邊為他們送行。(1) gather vt. vi.1)使集合；聚集The tea

33、cher gathered the pupils round her to tell them a fable.老師把學(xué)生們聚集在她周圍給他們講個(gè)寓言故事。2021/8/11 星期三49We are going to gather under the clock tower and head for the picnic spot.我們將在鐘樓下集合前往野餐地點(diǎn)。During the flood all the people gathered on the roof and waited for the coming of helpers.在洪水中許多人都聚集在屋頂?shù)却仍?2021/8/1

34、1 星期三502) 收集；搜集Next we should try to gather as much information as possible on this topic.下一步我們要就該題目盡可能多地收集信息。2021/8/11 星期三513) 采集；收拾；收獲Gather your toys up. 把你的玩具收拾起來(lái)。4) 推斷；得出結(jié)論；了解What did you gather from his statement? 你推想他的生命是什么意思？I gather she won the first prize, since she came out of the hall wi

35、th a crowd of reporter following her.我猜想她是得頭獎(jiǎng)了，因?yàn)樗龔拇髲d里出來(lái)時(shí)后面跟著急著。2021/8/11 星期三52【聯(lián)想】 gather 所構(gòu)成的常用短語(yǔ)gather crops 收莊稼 gather flowers采花gather information on 收集某方面的信息 gather experience積累經(jīng)驗(yàn)gather strength回復(fù)體力 gather taxes收稅gather ones brows皺眉 gather from從推測(cè)，從獲悉gather oneself up 鼓足勇氣，打起精神，集中全力 2021/8/11 星

36、期三53辨析 gather 和collect 都含有“收集”，“聚集”的意思，常可通用。gather 系常用詞，指“收集”、“聚集”、“集合在一起的，也可指把分散的東西或抽象 的東西（如信息，力量）聚集起來(lái)。如：她根本無(wú)法整理她散亂的思緒。She cant gather her scattered thoughts at all.云在聚集。The clouds are gathering.2021/8/11 星期三54collect指“有計(jì)劃、有選擇地收集；收藏”。當(dāng)我們要有計(jì)劃，有條理，為某種目的而進(jìn)行細(xì)致的、有選擇的收集時(shí)，用collect不用gather。如: 當(dāng)他還是一個(gè)孩子時(shí)，他就養(yǎng)

37、成了集郵的習(xí)慣。As a child he formed a habit of collecting stamps.我叔叔收集了各種各樣的古硬幣。My uncle collected various of ancient coins.2021/8/11 星期三55see sb. off 為某人送行如：對(duì)不起，我不能到機(jī)場(chǎng)去送你了，因?yàn)槲覌寢尣×?。Im sorry, I cant go to the airport to see you off, because my mother is ill.所有的學(xué)生都聚集在門口為他們的老師送行。All the students gathered at t

38、he gate to see their teacher off.2021/8/11 星期三567. As the passenger liner was pulling out, the migrants on board waved their hands to those who had not yet been evacuated, tears rolling down their cheeks. 隨著客輪緩緩駛出港口，船上的移民使勁地向尚未遷移的鄉(xiāng)親們揮手告別，熱淚早已奪眶而出。 2021/8/11 星期三57(1) pull out (軍隊(duì))撤離；(火車，船)開(kāi)出 去北京的火車每天

39、下午三點(diǎn)鐘出發(fā)。The train for Beijing pulls out at 3 pm. 聯(lián)合國(guó)的維和部隊(duì)撤出了那個(gè)地區(qū)。The peace-preserving army of the United Nations pulled out of the area.2021/8/11 星期三58 搶到前頭 脫身; 逃出(路上車輛)開(kāi)始開(kāi)動(dòng) 拆毀; 推毀；推翻 穿, 戴(襪子，手套等) 努力實(shí)現(xiàn)計(jì)劃 聯(lián)想 pull所構(gòu)成的常用短語(yǔ)：pull aheadpull awaypull downpull onpull off a plan2021/8/11 星期三59聯(lián)想 pull所構(gòu)成的常用短語(yǔ)

40、： pull for pull in pull oneself together pull through pull round pull together pull up朝駛?cè)?力圖到達(dá)(火車)進(jìn)站;到站 振作起來(lái);冷靜下來(lái) 脫離危險(xiǎn)期;恢復(fù)健康 使克服困難;渡過(guò)難關(guān) 齊心協(xié)力(使)停下2021/8/11 星期三60(2)tears rolling down their cheeks是 “獨(dú)立主格”作伴隨狀語(yǔ), 其結(jié)構(gòu)為:n.+v-ingI cant go to sleep, children singing loudly outside.由于孩子們?cè)谕饷娓呗暩璩? 我無(wú)法入睡。(原因狀語(yǔ))

41、注意 “獨(dú)立主格”前往往加with如:由于老師的指導(dǎo), 我們的實(shí)驗(yàn)很快就成功了。With the teacher instructing in the experiment, we succeeded very soon.2021/8/11 星期三61聯(lián)想獨(dú)立主格的其他結(jié)構(gòu): with+ n. /pron. +介詞短語(yǔ)The teacher came into the classroom with a book in his hand.= The teacher came into the classroom, book in hand. with +n. /pron. +副詞With Mr

42、Smith away, weve got more room.2021/8/11 星期三62 with+ n./pron. +不定式With so many dishes to wash, he couldnt go out for play. with + n./pron. +過(guò)去分詞The man was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. with +n./pron. +形容詞In winter I like sleeping with all windows open.2021/8/11 星期三638. Even befor

43、e the arrival of 150 families, the people of Guangrao County put the settlement of the migrant above all else. 早在這150戶移民抵達(dá)之前, 廣饒人就已經(jīng)把他們的安置工作當(dāng)成了頭等大事來(lái)抓。2021/8/11 星期三64put above all else/ putabove anything else意 “把.置于重要地位, 把.當(dāng)成頭等大事來(lái)抓”。如:我們必須把學(xué)生的安全置于首要地位。We must put the security of the students above al

44、l else.人們的醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)應(yīng)該當(dāng)成大事來(lái)抓。The medical care of the people should be put above anything else.2021/8/11 星期三65 聯(lián)想put常用短語(yǔ) put about put across put aside put away 散步(消息);宣稱 解釋;表達(dá) 節(jié)省(錢,時(shí)間); 儲(chǔ)存以備用;儲(chǔ)蓄收好;放好;儲(chǔ)存(錢); 儲(chǔ)存以備用;儲(chǔ)蓄2021/8/11 星期三66put downput forwardput input off put onput output throughput upput up withas

45、 sb put it寫(xiě)下;記下;控制;擊敗;平定;取締提出(意見(jiàn),建議);推薦;提名;推舉打斷;插嘴;進(jìn)港;進(jìn)入并作短暫停留延期;推遲表演;演出;上演(戲劇);穿上;戴上熄滅;關(guān)熄,撲滅接通電話舉起;抬起;張開(kāi)(傘);張貼;公布忍受;忍耐;受苦正如某人所說(shuō)/所表達(dá)2021/8/11 星期三67考題：My mother opened the drawer to _ the knives and spoons. (2010年全國(guó)卷) A. put away B. put up C. put on D. put together解析： 我媽媽打開(kāi)抽屜其目的是為了把小刀和湯匙收好。A2021/8/11

46、 星期三68考題：Just as Professor Scotti often _ it, success is ninety-nine percent mental attitude. (2009年安徽卷)A. get B. makes C. puts D. meansC解析： as sb puts it 意為 “正如某人所說(shuō)的那樣”2021/8/11 星期三699. They set apart land and built houses for them. They made arrangements for the children to go to school. 他們劃撥出了土地為

47、移民修建了安居房, 他們?yōu)榻鉀Q移民子女就讀的問(wèn)題做出了安排。2021/8/11 星期三70 (1) set apart 留出;撥出如: 他們?yōu)轲囸I的難民撥出了一些糧食。They set apart some food for the hungry refugees.他們留出了一筆款項(xiàng)來(lái)增添新設(shè)備。They set apart a sum for new equipment.2021/8/11 星期三71 聯(lián)想 set的常用短語(yǔ): set about doing set an example to sb. set down set oneself against set free set eye

48、s on 著手/開(kāi)始做某事 為某人樹(shù)立榜樣放下;記下;登記 反對(duì);與對(duì)抗釋放看見(jiàn) 2021/8/11 星期三72set ones dace againstset ones mind toset fire to sth.set sth. on fireset off (for)set out to do sth.set sail forset upbe set ina set of (books)堅(jiān)決反對(duì)專心于(某一工作)對(duì)放火/火上加油 使著火動(dòng)身;出發(fā)(去)開(kāi)始/著手/準(zhǔn)備做某事?lián)P帆開(kāi)航去豎起/支起;建立以為背景一套書(shū)2021/8/11 星期三73考題：Linda, make sure th

49、e tables _ before the guests arrive. (2010全國(guó)卷) A. be set B. set C. are set D. are settingC解析： set 意為 “放,置” 2021/8/11 星期三74(2) make arrangement = arrange 為做安排make arrangement for 為做好安排make arrangement for sb. to do sth. 為某人安排好做某事如: 你今天的任務(wù)是為晚會(huì)做好準(zhǔn)備。Your task today is to make arrangement for a party.202

50、1/8/11 星期三75你的假期做好安排了嗎?Have you made arrangement for your vacation? 我們最好安排人質(zhì)與家人見(jiàn)面。Wed better make arrangement for the hostages to meet their family.政府已經(jīng)安排好了窮孩子上學(xué)。The government has made arrangement for the poor children to go to school.2021/8/11 星期三7610. The villagers beat drums and lit firecrackers

51、 as if they were celebrating a festival.村民們敲鑼打鼓放鞭炮，像過(guò)節(jié)一樣熱鬧。 as if = as though “好像”，其用法如下：2021/8/11 星期三77(1) 在通常情況下，as if和as though所引導(dǎo)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示所敘述的情況與事實(shí)相反。1) 談?wù)摤F(xiàn)在情形的，用過(guò)去時(shí)（動(dòng)詞be用were, 也可用 was） 。He looked after me so well as if I were his wife.他無(wú)微不至地照顧我，好像我是他妻子一樣。2021/8/11 星期三78When I spoke to hi

52、m, he gave me a glassy (呆滯的) look, as if he was / were hardly aware of my presence. 當(dāng)我跟他談話時(shí)，他呆呆的望著我，好像他不明白我。2021/8/11 星期三792) 談?wù)撨^(guò)去情形的動(dòng)詞形式有以下幾種： 過(guò)去式，表示過(guò)去的狀態(tài)。 He stared at me as if I were mad.他目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地盯著我，好像我是瘋子一樣。2021/8/11 星期三80 過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作先于主句動(dòng)詞而發(fā)生或完成。It was as if he had lost his last friend. 他好像失去了他

53、最后一個(gè)朋友。He looked as if he had seen a ghost.他看起來(lái)好像見(jiàn)到鬼似的。2021/8/11 星期三81 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。He heard a noise as if someone was breathing. 他聽(tīng)到一個(gè)聲音，好像友人在呼吸。 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，表示將要發(fā)生的事態(tài)。It looked as if it was going to rain. 天看起來(lái)好像要下雨似的。2021/8/11 星期三82(2) 如果 as if / though 后面的從句所表示的情況是真實(shí)的或很可能是真實(shí)的，則動(dòng)詞可以用陳述語(yǔ)氣，在 feel, look,

54、 seem, sound, taste之后尤其如此。試比較： He walked as if he was drunk. - He walks as if he were drunk. It looks as if it is going to rain. - It looks as if it were going to rain.2021/8/11 星期三83(3) 在非正式文體中，也可以不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣而用陳述語(yǔ)氣。 Teenagers may talk as if they know it all, but statistics tell a different story.十來(lái)歲的兒童談

55、話好像什么都知道適得似的，但統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)顯示這并非如此。2021/8/11 星期三84(4) as if / though 從句中的省略： 當(dāng)as if 和 as though 從句的主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，該主語(yǔ)和后面的動(dòng)詞可以省略。as if 不定式He opened his lips as if (he were) to make some reply.他張著嘴，好像要作出回答。2021/8/11 星期三85as if 形容詞或形容詞短語(yǔ)He lay still for a long while, as if dead. 他長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地靜靜地躺著，好像要死人一樣。She felt as if un

56、able to put up with such a life.她感覺(jué)到無(wú)法忍受這樣的工作。2021/8/11 星期三86as if 現(xiàn)在分詞John paused as if expecting Mary to speak. 約瀚暫停了會(huì)兒, 好像希望瑪麗說(shuō)點(diǎn)什么。as if 名詞He acted as if (he was) a fool. 他的行為像傻子一樣。as if 副詞He said that as if absently. 他那樣說(shuō)著，好像似無(wú)心的。2021/8/11 星期三8711. When the migrants arrived, they were invited to

57、 have jiaozi, a traditional food many people have at Spring Festival, with the 150 families chosen to help them settle down. 移民剛到廣饒，就立刻被精心選出來(lái)幫助他們安置的150戶村民請(qǐng)到了家里，美美地品嘗了春節(jié)傳統(tǒng)佳肴-餃子。2021/8/11 星期三88 (1) many people have at Spring Festival 在句子中作非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾jiaozi的。a traditional food是jiaozi的同位語(yǔ)。With the 150 f

58、amilies是和the were invited to have jiaozi連在一起的，即they were invited to have jiaozi with the 150 families。2021/8/11 星期三89(2) chosen to help them settle down是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于“that were chosen to help them settle down”。The number of the people injured in the accident has increased greatly.事故中受傷的人數(shù)大大的上升了。The

59、building completed last year is used for teaching.去年落成的大樓現(xiàn)被用作教學(xué)。2021/8/11 星期三9012. However, their migration has given them an opportunity to improve their production conditions and life style.不過(guò)移民廣饒已經(jīng)為他們提供了一個(gè)改善生產(chǎn)條件和生活方式的契機(jī)。Opportunity n. 機(jī)會(huì)；時(shí)機(jī)I have been offered a job. Its a great opportunity.我找到了一份

60、工作，這是一個(gè)很好的機(jī)會(huì)。Ill have another opportunity to visit Canada next year.明年我又有一次機(jī)會(huì)去參觀加拿大。2021/8/11 星期三91【擴(kuò)展】opportunity 的常用短語(yǔ)：offer sb. an opportunity 給某人一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì) get an/the opportunity 得到一次機(jī)會(huì)make an / the opportunity 創(chuàng)造機(jī)會(huì) miss an / the opportunity 失去機(jī)會(huì)seize an / the opportunity 抓住機(jī)會(huì) take an / the opportunit