高中英語(yǔ)不定式課件 新課標(biāo) 人教

1、2021/8/11 星期三1動(dòng)詞不定式To do that sort of thing is foolish。I want to see you this evening.All you have to do is to finish it quickly.We found a house to live in.She came here to study English. I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation. 主語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ) 賓補(bǔ)2021/8/11 星期三2 不定式或不定式短語(yǔ)可起名詞，形容

2、詞和副詞的作用，在句中做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。一，不定式在句中的作用：1、主語(yǔ)：不定式做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以直接放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前。eg: To make a new dress takes her a lot or time. Not to get there in time is your fault.注：常用it做形式主語(yǔ)，將to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。2021/8/11 星期三3句型1：It + 謂語(yǔ) + to doeg: It takes us an hour to get there by bus.句型2：Its + n. + to doeg: Its our

3、 duty to help the poor.句型3：It is adj. for/of sb. to do sth.注：for/of sb to do sth 為不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。 1) of引起的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)只能做主語(yǔ)。eg: Its very kind of you to help me.2021/8/11 星期三42) for引起的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)等。eg: Another method is for them to leave at once. (表語(yǔ)) Wed better find some work for the children to do. (定語(yǔ)

4、) He put the paper on desk for you to read. (狀語(yǔ)) What he told her made it impossible for him to go on her work. (賓語(yǔ)) Its common for leaves to fall form the trees in autumn. (主語(yǔ))2021/8/11 星期三52、做表語(yǔ)：主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+不定式1). 其主語(yǔ)多為抽象名詞(wish, need)eg: My wish is to be a scientist. The main thing is to keep our room

5、 clean.2). 不定式to let, to blame, to seek做表語(yǔ),主動(dòng)表被動(dòng).eg: The house is to let.3). be to do可構(gòu)成將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài),表 “準(zhǔn)備/打算/計(jì)劃/需要”; be是助動(dòng)詞，無(wú)詞義,其主語(yǔ)為具體名詞(人/事物); to be可用be going to或will/shall代替,此時(shí)不定式是謂語(yǔ)的一部分,而不是表語(yǔ).eg: She is to return next week. It was about to leave when it started to rain.2021/8/11 星期三63. 做定語(yǔ): 不定式做定語(yǔ)總是放在它所

6、修飾的名詞之后,不定式表示的行為通常是未來(lái)的行為,它們常和被修飾的詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,主謂關(guān)系和修飾性關(guān)系.1). 動(dòng)賓關(guān)系: I have a lot of work to do. Give me a piece of paper to write on.2). 主謂關(guān)系: She is the best person to finish the work. Women and children were the first to get into the lifeboat.3). 修飾性關(guān)系(同位),它所修飾的詞多為抽象名詞. need, time, way, right, chance, co

7、urage, reason, wish, movement. eg: There is no need for him to come. He has no time to read the book.2021/8/11 星期三74. 做狀語(yǔ):1). 目的狀語(yǔ): 可放于句首,也可放于句末, 前面可加in order/so as/soas to表強(qiáng)調(diào).eg: He went to see the artist himself. He stopped to have a look. He ran so fast as to get to school in time.2). 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ):主要用在en

8、ough to/tooto/only to結(jié)構(gòu)中。eg: The question is too difficult to answer. They worked hard enough to finish their work.2021/8/11 星期三83). 原因狀語(yǔ): 主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+adj.+ to doa). 表感情的adj.有: happy, surprised, pleased, glad, sorry, anxious(憂慮), disappointed, careful, afraid, wrong.eg: Im very sorry to see you. He was a

9、fraid to leave him home.b). 說(shuō)明句中主語(yǔ)在哪個(gè)方面存在形容詞所表示的情況時(shí),即與句中主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，主動(dòng)表被動(dòng). interesting, difficult, easy, important, possible, expensive, dangerous, useful.eg: The question is easy to answer. He is difficult to teach.2021/8/11 星期三95. 做賓語(yǔ): 不定式做賓語(yǔ)的情況，一般表示將來(lái)的行為,這時(shí)謂語(yǔ)和不定式的動(dòng)作都是主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的.1). 下列動(dòng)詞只能按不定式做賓語(yǔ).plan

10、, choose, manage, learn, pretend, agree, decide, mise, prepare, offer, fail, hope, wish, expect, ask;demand, want, hesitate2021/8/11 星期三102). 不定式做動(dòng)詞tell, teach, know, show, find out, discover, see(understand)的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),不定式前常加連接代詞who, which, what和連接副詞how, when, where構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)做賓語(yǔ).eg: I dont know how

11、 to get there.注: why不能與不定式連用.3). begin, start, continue 后接不定式,動(dòng)名詞意思一樣. 4). like, love, hate, prefer動(dòng)名詞表經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作，不定式表一次性動(dòng)作.2021/8/11 星期三115). remember, forget, regret后動(dòng)名詞表已經(jīng)做過(guò)的動(dòng)作,不定式表沒有做過(guò)或?qū)⒁龅膭?dòng)作.6). stop, try, go on, mean, be afraid, propose 后兩者都可, 但意義不同. propose to do計(jì)劃,打算做 propose doing 建議做7). a). pr

12、efer doing to doing prefer to do rather than do b). be used to doing used to do c). its no use doing its useless to do d). be worth doing be worthy of being done be worthy to be done2021/8/11 星期三126. 做賓補(bǔ)(與賓語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系實(shí)際上是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系)1). 有些動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))必須接to的不定式做賓補(bǔ)talk, ask, warn, want, allow, permit, order, advise

13、, force, beg, cause, encourage, invite, persuade, get, require, prefer, call, leave, expect, use(allow/permit/advise doing sth)2021/8/11 星期三132). 與表示說(shuō)話或心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞say, report, believe, suppose, think, understand, consider等的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)連用.eg: He is said to have written a new book about workers.3). 與表示希望，期望，意愿的動(dòng)詞

14、expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, think, want, wish的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)連用，表曾經(jīng)打算設(shè)想做卻沒做的事.eg: They expected to have gone to the match, but the tickets were all sold. They had expected to go to the match.2021/8/11 星期三14四, 不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài): 三態(tài) to do/ to be doing/ to have done一般式表示的動(dòng)作通常與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)或在其后發(fā)生eg: We saw him go to th

15、e shop.進(jìn)行式表示不定式的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行.eg: He pretended to be working hard.完成式表示不定式動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作/狀態(tài)前發(fā)生.Im glad to have seen your mother.eg: I happened to have read the book.2021/8/11 星期三15動(dòng)詞不定式To 的幾種常見的省略形式 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞歷來(lái)是高考中的重點(diǎn)，不定式結(jié)構(gòu)在考點(diǎn)中常占很大比重。其中TO的用法很復(fù)雜，現(xiàn)就TO在一些結(jié)構(gòu)中常被省略的情況作如下小結(jié)。 1感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中不需要帶to，即我們常說(shuō)的“一覺二聽三讓五看”：feel,list

16、en to 、hear ,let、make、have, see、watch、notice、observe、look at.He noticed Tom take a branch of flowers in his hand.他注意到湯姆手中拿著一束鮮花。The teacher has us write a composition every week.老師要我們每周寫一篇文章。 注：除let 外其他在變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)要加上to。The person was seen to enter the shop by us . 我們看見那個(gè)人進(jìn)了那家商店。2021/8/11 星期三16 2由 all，

17、what 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句或者主語(yǔ)被only, first, one, least 或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，而且從句中含有do時(shí)，其表語(yǔ)如果是動(dòng)詞不定式，則往往省去to。All I did was empty the bottle.我所做的是倒空這個(gè)瓶子。What I wanted to do was drive all night.我想做的是徹夜開車。 The only thing I could do was do it myself 。我惟一能做的是我自己解決。 3常用的結(jié)構(gòu)may well do，may as well do (還是好了)及but或except后接不定式時(shí)，如果它們前面有d

18、o便可省略to，其結(jié)構(gòu)為can not do but（do)，can not help but (do)不得不等句型，We might as well put up here for tonight.我們不妨今晚就在這兒過(guò)夜。 She can do nothing but/except sing.她除了唱歌什么也沒做。 There is nothing he could do but play all day long。他除了整天玩，別無(wú)它事可做。2021/8/11 星期三17 4不定式做help后的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可帶to也可不帶。Can I help（to） carry it for

19、you? 我可以幫你搬嗎？I helped him（to） mend the bike.我?guī)椭蘩碜孕熊嚒?5在had better，would rather，rather than之后省略to。Youd better not tell him the news .你最好不把這個(gè)消息告訴他。Rather than wait anyone, I decided to go home by taxi.我決定乘出租車回家而不愿等候任何人。2021/8/11 星期三18學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)要特別注意以下幾點(diǎn)：一、后接不定式的動(dòng)詞1.后接不定式做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞hope, agree, dare, decide

20、, determinebegin, start, refuse, prepare,offermanage,try, aim, forget, remember ，chooseseem, pretend, learn, love, hate等。 (可記：希望同意敢決定，開始拒絕備提供，設(shè)法瞄準(zhǔn)忘記選，似乎假裝學(xué)愛憎。) 2.后接不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞 permit,request,allow,command,tell,invite,cause,encouragewarn,adivse,persuadeforce,order,remind,teach等。 (可記首字母：practice wap for

21、t 實(shí)踐攻克堡壘。) 3.后接不定式既作賓語(yǔ)又可作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞 ask,beg,like,preter,help,promise,wish,want,expect等。 （可記：請(qǐng)求、愿、助、諾、希望。） 2021/8/11 星期三19二、不定式省略to的現(xiàn)象：1.在had better,would rather, why not,do nothing but,would ratherthan以及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后。如： Tom would rather play tennis than swim. I could do nothing but wait for you. 2.在see,hear,watc

22、h,notice,feel,observe,let,make,have等感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞后接不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，但當(dāng)這些動(dòng)詞為被動(dòng)時(shí)其后的不定式必須帶to.如： He saw two men enter the room. I was made to do it三、不定式的否定式否定不定式時(shí)，否定副詞not或never,seldom,hardly等要置于to前。如:She checked the names so as not to make mistakes. 2021/8/11 星期三20四、注意不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的用法 句中不定式需要有邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用for+名詞(或代詞賓語(yǔ))+不定式

23、，構(gòu)成不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。如： It is very important for us to learn English well. 但某些形容詞如kind, clever, foolish, wise, nice, generous, silly, stupid等，是表示不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或特征的，常用of引導(dǎo)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)。如： It was wise of him to do that. 五、不定式的主動(dòng)式與被動(dòng)式：句子的主語(yǔ)是不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)，不定式用主動(dòng)式。如： I need to buy a computer. 句子的主語(yǔ)是不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)，不定式用被動(dòng)式。如： The fri

24、dge needs to be repaired. 2021/8/11 星期三21六、區(qū)分不定式小品詞to和介詞to ：1.下列to為不定的小品詞，后接動(dòng)詞原形： be able to,be about to,have to,ought to,tooto,in order to,so as to,used to等。 You ought to follow your fathers advice. 2.下列to為介詞，后接名詞、代詞或V-ing形式： pay attention to,look forward to,be/get used to(習(xí)慣于),lead to,stick to,bel

25、ong to,devote oneself to等。如： Im looking forward to seeing you again. 七、不定式的位置及與所修飾詞之間的關(guān)系 1.不定式作定語(yǔ)放在被修飾詞之后。如： I want to have something to read. 2.不定式與被修飾詞之間有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以當(dāng)不定式的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞或不定式的動(dòng)詞與其所修飾的詞之間構(gòu)不成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，其后需加一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。如： I need a pen to write with. 2021/8/11 星期三22八、疑問(wèn)詞how,when,what,where,which以及wheth

26、er與不定式連用，在句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，其功能相當(dāng)于名詞性從句。如： Where to go has not been decided yet. （Where we shall go has not been decided yet.） 九、有些動(dòng)詞(stop,forget,remember,regret,like等)后接不定式或動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，意思差別很大。如： I must remember to post the letter.我必須記著要發(fā)信。(信還未寄出) I remember posting the letter.我記得發(fā)了信了。(信已寄出) I like swimming.(喜歡游

27、泳這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)) I like to swim this Friday.(喜歡在星期五去游泳這一具體動(dòng)作) 2021/8/11 星期三23The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier _ it more difficult. (MET99) A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make 2. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. (NMET2000) A. expected B.

28、 to expect C. to be expecting D. expects高考題匯集：2021/8/11 星期三243. Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer. (MET1998)to invent B. inventing C. to have invented C. having invented4. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home. (MET2003)much too heavy B. t

29、oo much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much2021/8/11 星期三255. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. (NMET95)A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to6. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening. (MET 97)to be taken B. to take C. being tak

30、en D. taking2021/8/11 星期三267.There are five pairs _,but Im at a loss which to buy.(1999上海高考)to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing8. _late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. (2001年北京春季高考) A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep 2021/8/11 星期三279. With a lot of d

31、ifficult problems _,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.(2002年上海春季高考)settled B. settling C.to settle D. being settled10. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role_in making the earth a better place to live. (2003上海春季高考)A.to have played B. to play C. to be pl

32、ayed D. to be playing2021/8/11 星期三2811. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state run companies are trying _their products more competitive. ( 2002上海春季高考)to make B. makingC. to have made D.having made12. The teacher asked us_so much noise. (2003北京春季高考)A.dont make B. not

33、 makeC. not making D. not to make2021/8/11 星期三294. Mary is always the first student to answer the teachers questions in class. A. rising B. to rise C. rose D. risen5. Mum ,why do you always ask me to eat an egg every day? - _enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.A. Get B. Getting C. To

34、get D. To be getting6.Would you be so kind us out? -With pleasure.A. helping B. in helping C. help D. as to help2021/8/11 星期三307. Wet umbrellas are not allowed into this hotel according to the rule.A. to be taken B. to take C. taken D. taking 8. Robert is said _ abroad, but I didnt know what country

35、 he studied in. A to have studied B to study C to be studying D to have been studying9. In Australia he made a lot of friends _a very practical knowledge of English. get B. getting C. to get D. got2021/8/11 星期三31EXERCISES1.You had better _ your hair cut.A. had B. have C to get D to have2 We _ put th

36、e meeting off for a week.A can as well B. will as well C. shall as well D . may as well3 He _ live in the country than in the city.A prefersB likes to C had betterD. would rather4 The boy told his father that he would rather _ an astronaut.A. becomeB. to become C becoming D became2021/8/11 星期三325 Pa

37、ul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard.A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 6 - I usually go there by train. - Why not _ by boat for a change?A. to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going7 He wants to do nothing but out. to go go going goes8 He wants to believe anythin

38、g but_ the medicine. A to take B take C take D takes2021/8/11 星期三339 Compared with women. men always prefer _ at home rather than _ so much time shopping . A to finish ,to spend B to finish ,spend C finish ,spend D finish ,to spend2021/8/11 星期三34鞏固性練習(xí) 1. She cant help _ the house because shes busy m

39、aking a cake. A. to clean B. cleaning C. to be cleaning D. being cleaned 2 While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. A. to persuade B. to be persuaded C .persuading D. being persuading 3 We agreed _ here, but so far she hasnt turned up yet. A. having m

40、et B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met 2021/8/11 星期三354 - You were brave enough to raise the objections at the meeting. - Well, now I regret _ that. A. to do B. to doing C. to have done D. having done5 Little Tom should love _ to the theatre this evening. A .to be taken B. to take C. being taken D.

41、 taking2021/8/11 星期三366 Ive got a terrible headache. I tried _ some medicine, but it didnt help. A. to take B. having taken C. taking D. to have taken 7 - Would you join us tonight ? - I _, but I have to prepare for tomorrows test. A . would love so B. would love to C. would love it D. would love 8

42、I would love _ to the party last night, but I had to finish extra hours to finish a report. A .to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 2021/8/11 星期三379 he let me repeat his instructions _ sure that I understood what was _ after he went away. A .to make, to be done B. making, doing C. to make,

43、to do D. making, to do 10 - You should have thanked her before you left. - I meant _, but when I was leaving, I couldnt find her anywhere. A . to do B. to C. doing D. doing so 11 In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ for another hour. A . waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting 2021/8/1

44、1 星期三3812 With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly- elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. steeling C. to settle D. being settled13. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _ everything. A. to tell B. to be told C .to be telling D. to have been told 2021/8/11 星期三3914.

45、To fetch water before breakfast seemed to be a rule _. A. to never break B. never to be broken C. never to have broken D. never to be breaking 15. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, but _ it more difficult. A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make 答案：1. A 2. D 3.

46、C 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. B 9. A 10. B 11. A 12. C 13. D 14. B 15. B 2021/8/11 星期三40練習(xí)：1. Sarah, hurry up. Im afraid you wouldnt have time to _ before the party. (NMET2004全國(guó)卷I)A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change2. My advisor encouraged _ a summer course to improve my writing

47、 skills. (NMET 2004 北京) A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take3. I dont know whether you happen _, but Im going to study in the USA this September. (NMET 2004 遼寧)A. to be heard B. to be hearing C. to hear D. to have heard4. The final examination is coming up soon. Its time for

48、 us to _ our studies. (NMET 2004 遼寧)A. get down to B. get outC. get back for D. get over2021/8/11 星期三415. The flu is believed _ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. (NMET 2004 上海)A. causing B. being caused C. to be caused D. to have caused6. The news repor

49、ters hurried to the airport, only _ the film stars had left. (NMET 2004 福建)A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told7. It seems that he has no pen _. (NMET 2003 北京 春)A. to write B. to write withC. writing D. writing with8. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role_ in m

50、aking the earth a better place to live. (NMET 2003 上海 春)A. to have played B. to play C. to be played D. to be playing2021/8/11 星期三429. The teacher asked us _ so much noise. (NMET 2003 北京)A. dont make B. not make C. not making D. not to make10. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.

51、(NMET 1996)A. to eat not B. eating notC. not to eat D. not eating11. We agree _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. (NMET 1995)A. having met B. meetingC. to meet D. to have met12. Hurry up, he is sure _ for us. (NMET 1995)A. to wait B. to be waitingC. waiting D. being waited2021/8/11 星期三4313. A

52、t the shopping-centre, he didnt know what _ and _ with an empty bag.A. to buy; leave B. to be bought; leftC. to buy; left D. was to buy; leave14. She made a candle _us light.A. give B. gave C. to give D. given15. Where should I send my form? The Personnel Office is the place _.A. for sending it B. to send it toC. to send D. to send it16. Its necessary _ some English grammar.A. for us students to learn B. for we students to learnC. of us students to learn D. for our students learning2021/8/11 星期三4417. _ kind to the enemy is _ cruel to the people.A. Be; be B. To be; to be C. To be;