Unit8AGreenWorld知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理-牛津譯林版八年級(jí)英語下冊(cè)

1、8B U8 A Green WorldAre you serious?serious形容詞，意為“認(rèn)真的，嚴(yán)肅的”。在句中作定語或表語。I want to have a serious talk with you.The old man looks very serious.【拓展】be serious about sb. / sth.對(duì)某人/某事是認(rèn)真的You should be serious about your work.be serious about doing sth.對(duì)做某事當(dāng)真Is he serious about wanting to be a doctor?serious

2、ly副詞，意為“認(rèn)真地，嚴(yán)肅地，嚴(yán)重地”。那個(gè)女孩病情嚴(yán)重。我們必須馬上送她去醫(yī)院。The girl is seriously ill. We must send her to hospital at once.We can save energy by turning off the lights when we leave a room.（1）句中的save用作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“節(jié)約”。Please save water every day.【拓展】save其他含義：save用作及物動(dòng)詞，還可意為“儲(chǔ)蓄，儲(chǔ)存杰克為了買電腦存了很多錢。Jack saves a lot of money to

3、buy a computer.save用作及物動(dòng)詞，還可意為“救，救助，save ones life意為“挽救某人的生命”。那位著名的醫(yī)生救了那個(gè)男孩的命。The famous doctor saved the boys life.turn off意為“關(guān)上（電器等）”。反義短語為turn on翻開（電器等）Please turn off/on the radio.【拓展】turn off與turn on都是“動(dòng)詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的短語，當(dāng)此類短語動(dòng)詞接名詞作賓語時(shí)，名 詞置于短語動(dòng)詞后面或動(dòng)詞與副詞之間都可以；假設(shè)接代詞作賓語時(shí)，代詞必須置于動(dòng)詞與副 詞之間且要用賓格形式。如：Turn on t

4、he computer. = Turn the computer on.Turn them off, please.turn up （把音量）調(diào)大，調(diào)高turn down （把音量）調(diào)小，調(diào)低take turns輪流turn into變成；使變成turn around 轉(zhuǎn)過身【辨析】turn off與closeturn off關(guān)上（電燈、自來水、煤氣、無線電等）反義短語為turn onclose（把門、窗、箱子、盒子等）關(guān)上反義詞為openWhat should we do to live a green life, class?短語：livea.life意為“過著（樣）的生活My grand

5、parents lived a poor life in the past.The children are now living a comfortable life.this causes serious air pollution.句子中的cause用作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“導(dǎo)致；造成、其后可直接用造成的結(jié)果或發(fā)生的事情 作賓語，也可接雙賓語。Does smoking cause cancer?他給父母惹了很多麻煩。He caused his parents a lot of trouble. = He caused a lot of trouble for his parents.【拓展】c

6、ause用作及物動(dòng)詞，還可意為“使，迫使”，其后通常接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。Who caused her to cry?The good news caused her to be happy.cause用作可數(shù)名詞，意為“原因；起因酒后駕車是交通事故最常見的起因之一。Driving after drinking is one of the most common causes of traffic accidents.cause用作不可數(shù)名詞，意為“理由；緣故”。飯菜好極了，我沒有理由抱怨。The food was excellentI had no cause for complaint

7、.In Switzerland, things like glass, plastic and paper are separated into different groups and then recycled.(1)句中的separate用作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“分開，隔開；separate. .into意為“把分成”，其被動(dòng)形式為be separated into,意為“被分成”。Lets separate them into six groups.【拓展】separatefrom意為”把和分開；把與別離Please separate the white shirts from the bl

8、ack ones.recycle及物動(dòng)詞，意為“回收利用，循環(huán)利用“。我們應(yīng)該盡力把所有廢紙回收再利用。We should try to recycle all our waste paper.注意：recycle的名詞形式是recycling,意為“回收利用，循環(huán)利用如：我們將所有的塑料回收利用。We take all our plastic for recycling.Some of the clothes are sold in charity shops, some are given to the poor, and others are sent to factories for

9、recycling.some., some., and others意為一些，一些，還有一些公園里有很多人，一些人在散步，一些人在談話，還有一些人在閱讀。There are many people in the park. Some are walking, some are talking, and others are reading.For example, we are not allowed to cut down trees. Otherwise, we will be punished.allow及物動(dòng)詞，意為“允許，準(zhǔn)許: 常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)中：allow sb. to do st

10、h.允許某人做某事；allow sb. not to do sth.允許某人不做某事The teacher allowed him to go into the classroom.allow doing sth.允許做某事We dont allow smoking in public.be allowed to do sth.被允許做某事Youre not allowed to eat anything in the library.cut down意為“砍倒(樹木)去年路邊的許多大樹被砍倒了。Many big trees along the road were cut down last

11、year.【拓展】cut down還可意為“縮減,減少”。你必須把文章縮減到200詞左右。You have to cut down your article to about 200 words.otherwise副詞，意為“否那么；不然”，相當(dāng)于or (否那么)或if not.Well go earlier. Otherwise, we may not catch the early bus.We depend on its rich resources to live, so it is important for us to protect it wisely.depend on意為“依

12、靠；取決于；視而定Z其后跟名詞、代詞或從句。萬物生長(zhǎng)靠太陽。All living things depend on the sun for their growth.你的將來取決于你現(xiàn)在的行動(dòng)。Your future will depend on your current action.wisely副詞，意為“明智地，充滿智慧地:其形容詞形式為wise,意為“明智的，充滿 智慧的”。You should spend your free time wisely.She made a wise decision at last.These new types of energy cost very

13、 little and will never run out.短語：run out意為“用完；耗盡”。Our food ran out soon.【辨析】run out與run out of這兩個(gè)短語都有“用完”的意思，但用法不同。run out其主語通常是時(shí)間、金錢、食物等 無生命的名詞，后面不能跟賓語Water will run out some day if we dont save it.run out of表示主動(dòng)含義，主語一般為人，后 面必須跟賓語，意為“把.用完”Peter ran out of his money yesterday.Remember that everyone

14、 can do something to make a difference!difference可數(shù)名詞，意為“差異，差異，其形容詞形式為different,意為“不同的；有 差異的。短語：be different from意為“與不同”，其副詞形式為differently.My pen is different from yours.make a difference (to sb. / sth.)意為“(對(duì)某人/某事)有影響,起作用Does the bad news make a difference to your work?treat something used so that i

15、t can be used againused此處為形容詞,意為“用過的;二手的“。I want to buy a used car at a cheap price.(2)so that意為“以便，為了“，常引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，該從句的謂語動(dòng)詞常和can, may, should 等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用。我父親想給我買一輛自行車以便我能夠很快到達(dá)學(xué)校。My father wants to buy me a bicycle so that I can get to school quickly.【拓展】sothat意為”如此以至于”,引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。I am so tired that I cant

16、walk any further.What do they do to keep their country clean?-keep + sth. / sb. +形容詞”意為“使某物/某人處于某種狀態(tài)”，形容詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。Coats can keep you warm.【拓展】keep用作連系動(dòng)詞，意為“保持。后接形容詞作表語。We must keep healthy.keep作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意為“保持，繼續(xù)”。She kept talking for two hours.That sounds like a good idea.sound like意為“聽起來像、后可接名詞、代詞或從句作賓語

17、。陽光公園聽起來像個(gè)不錯(cuò)的地方。Sunshine Park sounds like a great place.聽起來好像你正玩得高興.You sound like you are having a good time.【拓展】在英語中，類似sound這樣的感官動(dòng)詞，如look, feel, smell, taste等詞后均可接介 詞like,然后再接賓語。The boy looks like a student.As well as people, animals are harmed by pollution.短語：as well as意為“也，還有，而且“。He has got a ca

18、r as well as a motorbike.【拓展】as well as用來表示同級(jí)比擬,意為“和一樣好Tom plays the piano as well as you.注意：as well as連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞采用就遠(yuǎn)原那么。The teacher, as well as the students, has a good time at the party.AH of us will have a chance to think about the world around us.have a chance to do sth. = have a chance

19、of doing sth.意為“有機(jī)會(huì)做某事I had a chance to Beijing last year.think about意為“考慮；思考 其后跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語。I will think about it.Use both sides of the paper句中的both用作形容詞，意為“兩個(gè)都。后可直接跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞。Both girls are from England.Recycle empty bottles句中的empty用作形容詞，意為“空的”，其反義詞為full,用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)意為“把倒空工 The buses are almost empty.Here

20、are the results of the survey.Here are.表示“這兒有 ；這兒是 ”；此句是一個(gè)倒裝句,here在此作表語。其中here 后的be動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要根據(jù)be后名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)確定;假設(shè)是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞, be動(dòng)詞用is；假設(shè)是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞用are.此用法類似于there be句型。Here is a letter for you.【拓展】如果主語是代詞，句子不用倒裝語序。Here he conies.如果主語是名詞，那么句子要用完全倒裝語序。Here comes the bus.but few students take their own

21、bags to the supermarket.few在此為形容詞，意為“很少的；幾乎沒有的。常修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。Im new in the city, so I have few friends here.【辨析】few, a few, little 與 a little意義/功能修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)修飾不可數(shù)名詞表示否認(rèn)（幾乎沒有）fewlittle表示肯定（有些，有幾個(gè)）a fewa littleThere are few eggs in the fridge, so I must buy some.There are a few eggs in the fridge, so I needn

22、t buy any.Theres little rice in the bowl.I can only speak a little French.Air pollution is harmful to our health.harmful形容詞,意為“有害的”,它的反義詞是harmless,意為“無害的”。I think this kind of plastic is harmful.be harmful to 意為“對(duì)有害”，相當(dāng)于 do harm to.Smoking is harmful to your health. = Smoking does harm to your healt

23、h.Trees also help keep soil in place during storms.短語：in place此處意為“在正確位置”。She is used to putting everything in place.【拓展】in the place在那個(gè)地方我回來的時(shí)候，他還站在那個(gè)地方。When I came back, he was still standing in the place.in ones place = in place of 代替杰克生病了，所以我代替他去開會(huì)。Jack was ill, so I went to have the meeting in

24、his place/in place of him.take the place of 代替He used the fork to take the place of chopsticks.Coal, oil and natural gas are not only useful for families, but have a wider use for factories.not only.but (also)意為不但.而且。其中also可省略，可連接句子的主語、謂 語、賓語、表語等成分，它連接主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與鄰近的主語保持一致。He can play not only the piano but also the violin.Not only I but also Tom enjoys watching TV.She was not only a writer but also an actress.【拓展】not only后接句子放在句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，not only所在的句子要用倒裝語序。太陽不僅給我們光，還給我們熱。Not only does the sun give us light but also it gives us heat.They will be formed over thousands or even millions of