講座8閱讀理解熱點(diǎn)題材解題“處方”詳細(xì)版課件

1、講座8 閱讀理解熱點(diǎn)題材 解題“處方” 類(lèi)別脈象處方廣告信息類(lèi)1. 內(nèi)容與生活息息相關(guān)，涉及招聘、海報(bào)或銷(xiāo)售等方面。2. 語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，文體簡(jiǎn)潔明快，信息內(nèi)容多，語(yǔ)言精練，鼓動(dòng)性強(qiáng)。3. 語(yǔ)篇材料有“三多”：一是人名地名術(shù)語(yǔ)多；二是生詞多；三是縮略詞、簡(jiǎn)短句和省略句多。4. 設(shè)題主要有兩類(lèi)：一是事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題；二是廣告目的題。1. 對(duì)于事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題，要先閱讀試題確定關(guān)鍵信息，然后采用定位法在語(yǔ)篇中找到相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行認(rèn)真甄別，從而確定答案。2. 對(duì)于廣告目的題，要格外留意諸如Encourage more people to buy/attend the; The advertisement aims a

2、t; Earn more money.等信息，一般情況下選這些選項(xiàng)正確率比較高。一、廣告信息類(lèi)【典例一 2010年全國(guó)I, A篇）AShakespeares Birthplace and Exhibition of Shakespeares World Welcome to the worldfamous house where William Shakespeare was born in l564 and where he grew up The property(房產(chǎn))remained in the ownership of Shakespeares family until 1806

3、.The House has welcomed visitors traveling from all over the world ,for over 250 years. Enter through the Visitors Centre and see the highlypraised exhibition Shakespeares World，a lively and full introduction to the life and work of Shakespeare Stand in the rooms where Shakespeare grew up Discover e

4、xamples of furniture and needlework from Shakespeares periodEnjoy the traditional(傳統(tǒng)的)English garden，planted with trees and flower mentioned in the poets works The Birthplace is within easy walking distance of all the car parks shown on the map；nearest is Windsor Street(3 minutes Walk) The House may

5、 present difficulties but the Visitors Centre，its exhibitionand the garden are accessible (可進(jìn)入的)to wheelchair users The Shakespeare Coffee House (opposite the Birthplace)56How much is the admission for a family of two grown-ups and two children？A9.80 . B12.00 C14.20 D16.40【解析】選B. 推理判斷題。本文是一則廣告，介紹英國(guó)文

6、豪莎士比亞的誕辰地，包括景點(diǎn)的開(kāi)放時(shí)間、景點(diǎn)的介紹等相關(guān)信息。從景點(diǎn)門(mén)票信息可知，一個(gè)成年人的門(mén)票是4.90.孩子的門(mén)票是每人 2.20， 因此2個(gè)成年人和2個(gè)孩子的門(mén)票應(yīng)該是 14.2，但是后面又說(shuō)家庭套票的價(jià)格是12.00， 包括2個(gè)成年人和最多3個(gè)孩子，由此推斷，本題應(yīng)該選B，其價(jià)格是12英鎊。二、科普環(huán)保類(lèi)類(lèi)別脈象處方科普環(huán)保類(lèi)1. 科技詞匯多，句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，理論性強(qiáng)，邏輯嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。2. 文章中詞匯的意義比較單一、穩(wěn)定、簡(jiǎn)明，不帶感情色彩，具有單一性和準(zhǔn)確性的特點(diǎn)。這類(lèi)文章通常不會(huì)出現(xiàn)文學(xué)英語(yǔ)中采用的排比、比喻、夸張等修辭手法，一詞多義的現(xiàn)象也不多見(jiàn)。3. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜，語(yǔ)法分析較困難。

7、為了描述一個(gè)客觀事物，嚴(yán)密地表達(dá)自己的思想，作者經(jīng)常會(huì)使用集多種語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象于一體的長(zhǎng)句。4. 常使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，尤其是一些慣用被動(dòng)句式。5. 命題特點(diǎn)科普類(lèi)閱讀的主要命題形式有事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題、詞義猜測(cè)題、推理判斷題以及主旨概括題等，其中推理判斷題居多。1.注意平時(shí)多讀科普知識(shí)類(lèi)文章，學(xué)習(xí)科普知識(shí)，積累常見(jiàn)的科普詞匯，從根本上提高科普英語(yǔ)的閱讀能力。2.要熟悉科普類(lèi)文章的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)?？破疹?lèi)文章一般由標(biāo)題(Headlines)，導(dǎo)語(yǔ)(Introductions)，背景( Background)，主體(Main body)和結(jié)尾(Ends)五部分構(gòu)成。3.在進(jìn)行推理判斷時(shí)，同學(xué)們一定要以閱讀材料所提供的科學(xué)事

8、實(shí)為依據(jù)，同時(shí)所得出的結(jié)論還應(yīng)符合基本的科普常識(shí)。【典例二】（2010山東，D） Batteries can power anything from small sensors to large systems. While scientists are finding ways to make them smaller but even more powerful, problems can arise when these batteries are much larger and heavier than the devices themselves. University of Mis

9、souri (MU) researchers are developing a nuclear energy source that is smaller, lighter and more efficient. “To provide enough power, we need certain methods with high energy density(密度)”，said Jae Kwon, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at MU. “The radioisotope(放射性同位素) batter

10、y can provide power density that is much higher than chemical batteries.” Kwon and his research team have been working on building a small nuclear battery, presently the size and thickness of a penny, intended to power various micro / nanoelectromechanical systems (M/NEMS). Although nuclear batterie

11、s can cause concerns, Kwon said they are safe. “People hear the word nuclear and think of something very dangerous,” he said, “However, nuclear power sources have already been safely powering a variety of devices, such as pace-makers, space satellites and underwater systems.” His new idea is not onl

12、y in the batterys size, but also in its semiconductor(半導(dǎo)體). Kwons battery uses a liquid semiconductor rather than a solid semiconductor. “The key part of using a radioactive battery is that when you harvest the energy, part of the radiation energy can damage the lattice structure(晶體結(jié)構(gòu)) of the solid

13、semiconductor,” Kwon said, “By using a liquid semiconductor, we believe we can minimize that problem.” Together with J. David Robertson, chemistry professor and associate director of the MU Research Reactor, Kwon is working to build and test the battery. In the future, they hope to increase the batt

14、erys power, shrink its size and try with various other materials. Kwon said that battery could be thinner than the thickness of human hair.75. The text is most probably a _.A. science news report B. book reviewC. newspaper ad D. science fiction story【解析】選A。推理判斷題。文章介紹一種新的科研成果，因此B（書(shū)評(píng)），C（報(bào)紙廣告），D（科幻小說(shuō)）均

15、不符合文意。只有A項(xiàng)正確。三、社會(huì)文化類(lèi)類(lèi)別脈象處方社會(huì)文化類(lèi)1、題材廣泛，內(nèi)容豐富，涉及風(fēng)土人情、史地常識(shí)及日常生活的諸多方面。2. 以東西方文化差異為選材重點(diǎn)。3. 文章體裁以議論文和記敘文為多。4. 設(shè)題既有細(xì)節(jié)，更有歸納推理類(lèi)試題。1. 豐富課外閱讀，擴(kuò)展文化背景知識(shí)，了解英美國(guó)家風(fēng)土人情。2. 及時(shí)捕捉社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)以及社會(huì)現(xiàn)象，了解當(dāng)今社會(huì)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)?！镜淅浚?010 重慶，C） It is hardly surprising that clothing manufacturers （生產(chǎn)商）follow certain uniform standards for various fe

16、atures（特征）of clothes. What seems strange , however, is that the standard adopted for women is the opposite of the one for men. Take a look at the way your clothes button. Mens clothes tend to button from the right, and womens form the left. Considering most of the words population-men and women-are

17、right-handed, the mens standard would appear to make more sense for women. So why do womens clothes button from the left? History really seems to matter here. Button first appeared only on the clothes of the rich in the 17th century, when rich women were dressed by servants. For the mostly right-han

18、ded servants, having womens shirts button from the left would be easier. On the other hang, having mens shirts button form the right made sense, too. Most men dressed themselves, and a sword drawn from the left with the right hang would be less likely to get caught in the shirt. Today women are seld

19、om dressed by servants, but buttoning form the left is still the standard for them. Is it interesting? Actually, a standard , once set, resists change. At a time when all womens shirts buttoned form the left, it would have been risky for any single manufacture to offer womens shirts that buttoned the