閱讀理解之詞義猜測(cè)董小欽 完整版課件

1、慈利二中 董小欽閱讀理解之詞義猜測(cè)技巧一、閱讀理解考試大綱要求1、理解主旨和要義； 2、理解文中具體信息；3、根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義； 4、做出簡(jiǎn)單判斷和推理；5、理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)； 6、理解作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。二、閱讀理解命題分類1、主旨大意型2、事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型3、詞義猜測(cè)型4、推理判斷型Play a gameguess!green handIt was the first day for Jack to work. When he was working, the machine broke down because of his carelessness. Jack was afra

2、id of the blame of his boss. His colleague told him , “take it easy, you are a green hand.”新手Tom is a great man. Tom is treated as a big potato.a big potato大人物shanghaiTourists are shanghaied into buying expensive fakes(假貨）. Some guides told them that fakes are good. They are worth buying.誘騙johnTim d

3、rank too much water last night, so he went to visit john twice. 衛(wèi)生間猜詞技巧是一種很重要的應(yīng)試技巧。在諸多的英語(yǔ)測(cè)試中，幾乎都包含有判斷生詞或關(guān)鍵詞詞義的題目?？荚囍薪?jīng)常作為考點(diǎn)的詞匯包括以下幾種： 常用詞在特殊語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中的特殊意義； 專業(yè)化程度較高的詞； 生僻詞。常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)形式:1. The word “” in paragraph can be replaced by 2. The underlined word “” most probably means .3. By saying “”, the author means

4、 4. The expression “” is closest to 5. According to the passage, the phrase “” suggests 6. The underlined part “ ” (in Para ) means 1.The modern age of medicine began with the stethoscope, an instrument for listening to patients heartbeat and breathing.2.They are vertebrates, that is, animals that h

5、ave back-bones .3. He is a resolute man. Once he makes up his mind to do something, he wont give it up halfway. 脊椎動(dòng)物堅(jiān)決的聽(tīng)診器 猜詞技巧1定義釋義法 通過(guò) 來(lái)體現(xiàn)單詞的含義. 其表現(xiàn)形式為:用that is, in other words, or ,mean, be called, refer to,或連系動(dòng)詞to be等定義或重述形式來(lái)解釋生詞.歸納總結(jié)定義,詞組,同位語(yǔ),定語(yǔ)從句Though Toms face has been washed quite clean, hi

6、s neck still remains grubby.John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very thrifty.污穢的，骯臟的節(jié)約的 猜詞技巧2對(duì)比法 句中多半有 等信息詞. 另外,分號(hào)也可以表示轉(zhuǎn)折,對(duì)比的意義.歸納總結(jié) unlike, but, yet, while, on the contrary, on the other hand, instead of, rather thanthough, although, however, 1.Hes such

7、a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade.2.She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long.3.Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others. 精明的修剪獨(dú)斷專行的猜詞技巧3因果法歸納總結(jié)因果 文章借助關(guān)聯(lián)詞 so/suchthat, becaus

8、e, as, since, for, so, thus, as a result, therefore, lead to, cause, result in, result from, 等表達(dá) 關(guān)系.In some countries where there is very little rain, the farmers have to irrigate, or water their fields. All whales consist of two groups, those with teeth and those without, Dolphins belong to odontoc

9、eti, that is to say, they are toothed whales.灌溉有牙齒的猜詞技巧4根據(jù)同等關(guān)系猜詞義 一組詞在句中作同一成分,且他們的詞義屬于同一義域, 信號(hào)詞如:歸納總結(jié)orthat is ( to say )in other wordsCars must have certain safety devices such as seat belt, headlights, and good brakes（剎車）.On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, fo

10、r their eggs and meat.裝置家禽猜詞技巧5舉例法 以列舉的事例為線索猜測(cè)單詞的含義，信號(hào)詞如:歸納總結(jié) such as, like, for example/ instance, especially, include, consist of根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)英語(yǔ)中的構(gòu)詞法主要有三種：派生（Derivation）轉(zhuǎn)化（Conversion）合成（Compounding）派生：由一個(gè)詞根加上前綴或后綴構(gòu)成一個(gè)新的單詞，該法是猜測(cè)英語(yǔ)單詞的主要方法。中學(xué)英語(yǔ)中常見(jiàn)的前綴和后綴super-（超）， inter-（在之間）， mini-（微型的）， micro-（極微小的）， sub-

11、（分支的）， re-（再）, co-（共同）， post- (后)， pre-（前）， trans-（轉(zhuǎn)換）， under-（在之下）， mis-（誤；惡）， anti-（反；防), un-（不；非）， in-（不,非）， im-（不； 非）， dis-（不），non- （不）， -able（能的）, -less（不； 無(wú)） -hood（狀態(tài)；性質(zhì)；時(shí)期）， -ish（如的；有點(diǎn)兒的）,-scope（景）， -ship（身份；資格；權(quán)力；性質(zhì)）， -some（易于的）， -wards（向）， -proof（防的；不能穿透的）， 轉(zhuǎn)化：由某一詞性轉(zhuǎn)化成另一詞性，其意義也發(fā)生一定的變化。I was asked to minute the race.“minute”轉(zhuǎn)化成動(dòng)詞