閱讀猜詞技巧 完整版課件

1、單項選擇填空 閱讀理解技巧指導(dǎo)高考閱讀理解詞義句意猜測題 近幾年的高考閱讀理解題越來越重視對考生猜詞悟義能力的考查，一般有二至三個小題是直接考查詞義、句意猜測。這也充分體現(xiàn)了教學(xué)大綱和考試大綱的要求，旨在考查考生根據(jù)上下文推測生詞短語的能力，突出考查語境的分析和把握能力；高考閱讀理解中的猜測詞義、句意題通常是對生詞、短語、指示代詞和句子進行猜測。 二、解題技巧 一)根據(jù)上下文情景進行猜測 猜測任何詞義都離不開上下文的語境，當(dāng)短文中 出現(xiàn)一個需要猜測其意義的詞或短語時，可借助上下文語境進行合乎邏輯的推測. eg: If he thinks he can invite me out, he is

2、all wet. I dont like to be with him. A. drunk B. sweating C. happy D. mistaken 根據(jù)I dont like to be with him我們感受到說話人的語氣。我不愿意跟他在一起，那么，他要邀請我出去是不可能的他就大錯特錯了。因此答案D。1. A deaf and dump guy went into a hardware store to ask for some nails. 2. The climate of the west coast is the most moderate in Canada, summ

3、ers are cool and fairly dry and winters are mild, cloudy and wet. Even in mid-winter, the temperature is usually above freezing. 3. All the houses in the city collapsed during the earthquake.4. For people who live within a stones throw from the office to be late to work is unforgivable. 5. The confl

4、agration was so fierce that with just a few second one could see towering flames where the house had stood and the smoke which filled the sky could be seen for miles and miles. 答案:（1）五金店（2）溫和的（3）坍塌（4）一步之遙（5）大火災(zāi)6. (2004年全國卷I,B篇,62)“College students are lazy, but they also want to help” says Universit

5、y of Pennsylvania graduate Dana Hork. So she made it easy, placing cups in rooms where students could leave their spare coins, and handing out cups to first-year students to keep in their rooms. Her Change for Change”effort has collected $ 40,000 for charities(慈善機構(gòu)),which were decided upon by studen

6、ts.62. The underlined word Change”in the second paragraph means_. A. Idea B. Decision C. Cups D. Coins7. (2004年福建卷，C篇，64) She is ashamed and embarrassed but doesnt really have any explanation why she did this, Miss Duff said. She didnt intend to steal when she went into the store. She is at a loss t

7、o explain it. She is otherwise a very respectable and intelligent young lady. She went to her doctor and asked for advice because she wants to know if there is anything in particular that caused her to do this.64. What does the underlined sentence “ she is at a loss to explain it” mean?A. In her opi

8、nion it was a loss to the clothes shops where she stole things.B. She doesnt have any idea why she has the desire to steal from shops.C. She thinks it is a loss for her to explain why she stole things from shops.D. Personally she feels ashamed and embarrassed for her shoplifting actions.二)根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系

9、進行猜測 文章中的代詞one，it , that，he，him，或them等可以指上文提到的人物，其中it 和that還可以指一件事。有時代詞指代的對象相隔較遠，要認真查找;也有時需要對前面提到的內(nèi)容進行總結(jié)，才能得出代詞所指代的事。8. (04年卷，C篇，65) The president has started using look-alikes during some public appearances. Dave is offered a chance to serve his country by becoming one. However, things go wrong. Th

10、e President becomes very ill and Dave ends up acting as the President forever.65. The underlined word one in the 3rd paragraph refers to_ A. the President B. the director C. an actor D. a lookalike9. (2004年天津卷，B篇，62)I was at a national youth camp on the Gold Coast and Shane had come along to talk to

11、 us and watch us train, Schipper explained. It seemed as if we had long been good friends. I don t know why. We just started talking and it went from there. 62. The underlined word it in the fifth paragraph probably refers to_. A. the Olympics B. the youth camp C. the friendship D. the Australian te

12、am long been good friends.(三)根據(jù)因果關(guān)系進行猜測 在上下文中，根據(jù)原因可以預(yù)測結(jié)果，根據(jù)結(jié)果也可以找出原因。 10. (2004年遼寧卷，A篇，58) To break down the wall of silence, parents should create chances to understand what their children want to say, and try to find ways to talk and write to them.58. Which of the following best explains the wall

13、of silence in the last paragraph?Teenagers talk a lot with their friends. B. Teenagers do not want to understand their parents.C. Teenagers do not talk much with their parents. D. Teenagers talk little about their own lives. their children want to say, and try to find ways to talk and write to them.

14、11. (2004年廣東卷，C篇，65)When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently, researchers found that the colors turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective. 65. The underlined part the colors turned the customers off (in Para. 3) means that the colors_.A. attracted

15、 the customers strongly. B. had weak effects on the customers.C. tricked the customers into shopping . D. caused the customers to lose interest.the product look weak and ineffective.(四)根據(jù)同義關(guān)系進行猜測 當(dāng)詞或短語之間有并列邊詞and或or時，其連接的兩項內(nèi)容在含義上是接近的或遞進的，由此確定同等關(guān)系中的某個生詞所屬的義域，由此可推知其大致意思. 12. (2004年重慶卷，C篇，66) And if you

16、ve gathered your friends around you to rebuild a happy family atmosphere , you may fear that saying no will bring back the kind of conflict you grew up with - or destroy the nice atmosphere you now enjoy.66. The Underlined word conflict in the second letter means _dependent life B. fierce fight C. b

17、ad manners D. painful feeling13. The doctor tried to save the patient but in vain. 根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折詞but, 我們可以推斷出病人沒有救活， 失敗了。in vain意思是：徒勞。14. Jane was talking to others while Elizabeth remained reticent. 15. Most of us agreed; however, Gary dissented. 16. He is homely, not at all as handsome as his brother. 17.

18、 I made numerous mistakes in my homework, but Bill made only a few. 18. Peter is childish and trusting, quite unlike his brother Tom, who is quite sophisticated. 答案：（14）沉默（15）不同意（16）不英俊 （17）很多（18）老于世故(五)根據(jù)同位關(guān)系進行猜測 閱讀中出現(xiàn)的難詞有時后面緊跟一個同位語，對前面的詞進行解釋，這時可利用同位關(guān)系對前面或后面的詞義或句意進行猜測。 19. (2004年上海卷，C篇，82) Without

19、examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to them - a form of favoritism will replace equality.82. The word favoritism in paragraph 3 is used to describe the phenomenon that_. bright children also need certificates go get satisfying job

20、s.B. Children from well-respected schools tend to have good jobs.C. Poor children with certificates are favored in job markets.D. Children attending ordinary schools achieve great success.(六)根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系進行猜測根據(jù)上下句的連接詞，如but，however，otherwise等就可以看前后在意義上的差別，從而依據(jù)某一句的含義，來確定另一句的含義。另外，分號也可以表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對比或不相干的意義. 20.

21、(NMET2002,E篇,74)A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle, it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 8 months. 74. What does the underlined word “hassle” probably mean? A. a party designed by specialists. B. a plan requiring careful thought

22、. C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble. D. a demand made by guests.（七）根據(jù)常識、經(jīng)驗猜生詞 21. My parents went out and bought a new TVThat afternoon my father put an antenna on the roof so that we could watch the pictures on TV clearly 我們可以判斷出“antenna”是電視機的“天線”。 22. The old man put on his spectacles a

23、nd began to read. 我們可以猜出“spectacles的意思是眼鏡“. 23. The door was so low that I hit my head on the lintel. 我們可猜出“l(fā)intel” 是“門上方的門框。 * Birds fly with their wings, and they pick up their foods, and then eat them with their beaks and they use their claws for tearing, seizing, pulling or holding objects.* The

24、 driver tried to avert the accident by bringing the car to a sudden stop. 根據(jù)已知部分tearing, seizing, pulling or holding objects和生活常識可知 claws意為“爪子”。 結(jié)合生活常識司機突然剎車就知avert意為 avoid。其目的就是為了避免車禍。 (八) 根據(jù)解釋 24. This includes poultry for main course（e.g. chicken, turkey, duck, goose）salad, bread and vegetables, and features of variety o