詞匯團(tuán)1120學(xué)習(xí)匯總文本周五初級閱讀

1、周五初級閱讀：導(dǎo)語：文章介紹了光污染對于動物和人類的影響，呼吁家從文章中可以學(xué)到不少環(huán)保的知識。的行為。文章不難，大If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars, we would go in darkness happily, the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal (夜間活動的) species on this planet. Instea d, we are diurnal creatur

2、es, with eyes adapted to living in the suns light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us dont think of ou rselves as diurnal beings. Yet its the only way to explain what weve doneto the night: weve engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.The benefits of this kind of

3、engineering come with consequen-called light pollution - whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study. Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design, which allows artificial light to shine outward and upwardo the sky. III-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night

4、and compley changes the light levels - and light rhythms - to which many forms of life, including, ourselves, have adapted. Wherever human light spillso the natural world, some aspector life is affected.In most cities the sky looks as g behind a vacanze (霾)n so used to this orange hazethough it has

5、been emptied of stars, leavin t mirrors our fear of the dark. Weve growt the originalof an unlit night, - don Earth, is wholly beyoark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadownd our experience, beyond memory almost.Weve lit up the night as if it were an unoccupiedcountry, when nothing could be fu

6、rther from the truth. Among mammals alone, the number of nocturnal species is astonishing. Light is aerful biological force, and on many species it acts as a magnet (磁鐵). The effect is soerfult scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being “captured” by searchlights onland or by the light from ga

7、s flares on marine oil platforms. Migrating at night, birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings.living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levelst areas much as a million times rightern normal, throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joincluding most other cr

8、eatures, we do need darkness. Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare, to ourernal clockwork, as light itself.Living in a glare of our making, we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritagethe light of the stars and the rhythms of dayand night. In a very real sense

9、light pollution causes us to lose sight of o ur true place in the universe, to fet the scale of our being, which is best measured against the dimens of a deep night with the MilkyWaythe edge of our galaxy arching overhead.1.A.B.C.D.According to the passage, human being .prefer to livehe darknessare

10、used to living in the day light were curious about the midnight worldhad to stay at home with the light of the moon2.A.B.C.D.What does “it”(Paragraph 1) most probably refer to?The night. The moon The skyThe planet3.A.B.C.D.The writer mentions birds andto .provide exles of animal protectionshow how l

11、ight pollution affects animals compare the living habits of both speciesexplain why the number of certain species has declined4.A.B.C.D.It is impd in the last paragrapht .light pollution dose harm to the eyesight of animalslight pollution has destroyed some of the world heritages human beings cannot

12、 go to the outer spacehuman beings should reflect on theirition in the universe5.A.B.What might be the best title for the passage?Thelight.The Orange Haze.C. The Disappearing Night.D. The Rhythms of Nature.【必背詞匯1. darkness】darkness 指的是“”，darkness 還含有“陰郁；模糊；無知”的意思。例如：Att instant the museum was pgedo

13、total darkness. 就在那時(shí)，博物館陷入了一片漆黑。又如：The baby was filled with alarm at the darkness and the noise. 在和嘈雜中，嬰兒飽受驚嚇。2. artifil在本文中 artifil 表示“人造的”，artifil, false, synthetic, man-made 這些形容詞均有人造的，非自然的之意。artifil：指模仿天然材料由人工制造的東西，側(cè)重真?zhèn)螌Ρ?。false：指因缺失而補(bǔ)上的替代物，有時(shí)也指的。synthetic：synthetic 與 artifil 近義，但前者強(qiáng)調(diào)通過化學(xué)作用或化學(xué)處理把

14、幾種物質(zhì)成與原材料截然不同的新產(chǎn)品。man-made：指完全用人工制造，不含仿造和真?zhèn)螌Ρ鹊囊馕丁＠纾篴nic food is unadulterated food produced without artifil chemicals or pesticides. 有機(jī)食品是未使用人工化學(xué)制劑和殺蟲劑的純凈食品。再如：Our range of herbal teas contain no preservatives, colourings or artifil flavourings.這一系列的藥草茶不含防腐劑、色素以及人工調(diào)味品。3. hazehaze 在本文中它表示名詞“霾”，haze

15、作動詞時(shí)表示“籠罩在薄霧中；使變朦朧；戲弄”。例如：His mind was a haze of fear and confu.由于害怕和困惑，他當(dāng)時(shí)處于一種混沌狀態(tài)。再例如：an sd at him througha haze of smoke anding coffee. 丹透過煙霧和咖啡的熱氣朝他笑了笑。4. magnet在文中，magnet 在這里表示“磁鐵”，也表示“有的人或物”。例如：In the 1990sthe area became a magnet for new investment. 這個(gè)地區(qū)在 20 世紀(jì) 90 年代成了新的投資熱點(diǎn)。又如：He picked all

16、the pins up with a magnet. 他用磁鐵撿起了所有的大頭針。5. essentialessential 在文中表示“必不可少的”，indispensable, essential, ne這些形容詞均有必不可少的，必需的之意。 indispensable：語氣強(qiáng)，側(cè)重指絕對必要性或不可缺少性。sary, requisiteessential：指對事物本身性質(zhì)具有決定性的重要性，暗含不可缺少，否則便無法存在。nesary：最常用詞，側(cè)重由客觀少。requisite：正式用詞，特指為實(shí)現(xiàn)某一目的或得到某種結(jié)果而應(yīng)有的需要，有時(shí)可與 nec essary 換用。例如：Jordan

17、 promised to trim the city budget without cutting essential serv決定的某種需要，強(qiáng)調(diào)不可避免，但并非絕不可缺i.承諾在不減少基本服務(wù)的前提下，縮減市政。再如：Party membershipwas an essential prerequisite of a suc可少的先決條件。sful career. 成為黨員是事業(yè)有成必不【與】1. B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第三行“with eves adapted to living in the suns light”眼睛適應(yīng)了于。的光線，可以知道，其中 adapted to 和 us

18、ed to 同義，意為2. A 猜題意。對于這種指代的題目，往往是最接近他的一個(gè)，根據(jù)這種原則，不能得是 night 夜晚，最后一句話的句意是：但是這是唯一的方法去解釋出對于夜晚做了什么，設(shè)計(jì)了光，讓光充滿星空。3. B 寫作目的題。根據(jù)第二段第一句話“the benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequener human light spills這項(xiàng)工程帶來好處的同事也帶來了壞處”和最后一句“wherevo the nature world some aspect of life is affected.”此句意為無論在什么地方，生活都會受到一些影響，故選 B，說明光污染影響的動物。4. D 推理題，最后一段的意思是一個(gè)刺眼的世界已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)離了進(jìn)