高二英語必掌握知識點總結(jié)

1、 高二英語必掌握知識點總結(jié)高二英語必把握學(xué)問點總結(jié)1 一、不定式做主語： 1、不定式做主語一般表示詳細的某次動作。=動名詞doing 表示習(xí)慣的，常常的動作。 e.g: To finish the building in a month is difficult. To do such things is foolish. To see is to believe. (對等) 注: 1). 不定式作主語時,謂語用單數(shù) 2). 當主語較長，謂語較短時，常用it做形式主語，而將不定式放到謂語的后面。 it做形式主語，不定式放在謂語動詞之后常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)中： (1)It is/was +adj.+o

2、f sb. to do (2) It is +adj.+for sb.+to do It is easy / difficult / hard / foolish / unwise / right / wrong / unnecessary (3) it is +a +名詞+ to do. It is a pity / a pleasure / a pleasant thing / ones duty / an honor / a shame / a crime / no easy job to do It takes (sb.) some time / courage / patience

3、to do It requires courage / patience / hard work to do _留意: probable 和 possible 均可作表語，但possible可以用不定式作真實主語， 而probable不能用不定式作真實主語。 It is probable for him to come to the meeting.(錯) It is possible for him to come to the meeting. It is possible / probable that he will come to the meeting. 二、不定式做表語 主語是以

4、aim duty hope idea intention plan job suggestion wish purpose task 等為中心詞的名詞詞組 或以 what 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句表示，后面的不定式說明其內(nèi)容, 不定式作表語常表示將來或現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。 eg :My idea is to climb the mountain from the north. Your mistake was not to write that letter. What I would suggest is to start work at once. 三 、動詞不定式作賓語 以不定式結(jié)構(gòu)為賓語的動詞有

5、： ask, agree, care, choose, demand, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish等只能用動詞不定式作賓語 口訣(接不定式作賓語的動詞) 想要學(xué)習(xí) 早準備( want learn plan) 快預(yù)備 有盼望( prepare hope wish expect) 同意否 供選擇(agree offer choose) 打算了 已答應(yīng)(decide be determined promise) 盡

6、力去 著手做(manage undertake) 別拒絕 別假裝(refuse pretend) 失敗不是屬于你(fail) e.g.Tom refused to lend me his pen. We hope to get there before dark. The girl decided to do it herself. _留意:某些及物動詞可用-ing也可用動詞不定式作賓語但意義不同的有 stop go on remember forget regret try mean cant help be used to 高二英語必把握學(xué)問點總結(jié)2 1.倒裝句的定義：英語最基本的詞序是主

7、語在謂語動詞的前面。 假如把謂語動詞放在主語前面，就叫做倒裝。 2. 倒裝句的構(gòu)成 a) 完全倒裝 將（句子）的主語和謂語完全顛倒過來，稱之為完全倒裝。 Are you from here? 你是本地人嗎? Now comes the chance. 機會來了。 b) 部分倒裝 只將助動詞、系動詞或情態(tài)動詞移至主語之前，謂語的其他部分仍保留在主語的后面，稱之為部分倒裝。例如： Has he come? 他來了嗎? Seldom have we felt as comfortable as here. 我們難得像在這里這么舒適。 Only in this way can we do the wo

8、rk better. 只有這樣我們才能把工作做得更好。 3. 倒裝的緣由 a) 句子語法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要。例如： Did you attend the meeting? 你參與會議了嗎? Long live peace! 和平萬歲! b) 一些句型的固定用法。例如： Such were his last words. 他最終的話就是這樣。 c)強調(diào)的需要。倒裝以后，句子更加流暢生動。例如： Never before have we seen such a sight. 以前我們從來沒有見過這樣的情景。 Before us lay a lot of difficulties. 在我們前面有許多困難。

9、Often did we warn them not to do so. 我們曾多次警告他們不要這樣做。 4. 倒裝句的基本用法 a) 構(gòu)成疑問句(除對主語或主語之定語提問的特別疑問句外)： When are we going to drink to your happiness? 我們什么時候喝你們的喜酒? Have you seen the film? 你看了那部_嗎? b) 在以here, there, now, then, in, away, up down等副詞開頭的句子中: Away went the crowd one by one. 人們一個一個地離去。 Here comes

10、our teacher! 我們的老師來了! c) 副詞only+狀語放在句首時: Only then did he realize his mistakes . 只有在那時他才熟悉到自己的錯誤。 Only in this way can you learn maths well . 只有用這種（方法）你才能學(xué)好數(shù)學(xué)。 d) 含有否定意義的副詞或連詞(如little, hardly, never, rarely, no soonerthan等)放在句首時: Little did I think that he could be back alive. 我沒有想到他竟能活著回來。 Not unti

11、l New Years Day shall I give you a gift. 我要到（元旦）那天才能給你禮物。 Hardly had the train arrived at the station when we ran towards the sleeping car looking for our guests. 火車剛一進站，我們就跑到臥車那兒去找我們的客人。 e) 副詞so或 neither(nor)在句首: He is interested in pop-songs, and so am I.他對流行歌曲感愛好，我也如此。 He hasnt been to the countr

12、yside, neither does he want to go there.他沒有去過農(nóng)村，他也不想去那里。 f) 在方式狀語thus開頭的句子中及程度狀語so放句首: Thus ended his life. 這樣結(jié)束了他的生命。 So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him . 他講話的聲音那樣大，連隔壁屋子里的人都聽得見。 2. so作“也”講時，引導(dǎo)的句子用倒裝語序，例如： He went to the film last night. So did I. 他昨天晚上去看_了，我也去了

13、。 如不作“也”講而只起連詞作用，表示一種結(jié)果的意思，句子就要用正常語序。例如： His mother told him to go to the film. So he did. 他母親叫他去看_，他就去了。 “He is a tall thin man.” “So he is.” “他又高又瘦?！?“的確如此。” 3. 某些讓步狀語從句往往把表語提到主語前面或放在句首，以構(gòu)成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： No matter how interesting the book is，he doesnt like to read it.不管這本書多好玩，他都不想看。 However hard a solid

14、 may be，we can change its shape. 不管一個固體有多硬，我們都可以轉(zhuǎn)變其外形。 Young as he is, he knows a lot. 雖然他年輕，卻知道許多東西。 4. 在虛擬語氣中，假如非真實條件句省略if，須將主句中的were, had和should等助動詞和主語顛倒形成部分倒裝。例如： Were he younger (= If he were younger), he would learn skating. 假如他年輕一些，他就會去學(xué)溜冰。 Should they forget (= If they should forget) to brin

15、g a map with them, they would get lost in the woods 假如他們遺忘帶一張地圖的話，他們就會在深林里迷路。 Had they realized (= If they had realized) how important the task was, they wouldnt have refused to accept it. 假如他們熟悉到這個任務(wù)是多么重要的話，他們就不致于拒絕接受這項任務(wù)。 高二英語必把握學(xué)問點總結(jié)3 1.非謂語動詞的構(gòu)成和語法功能及用法對比。 2.非謂語動詞的完成式、被動式的用法和特點。 3.非謂語動詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)及否定形式

16、。 4.不定式與動名詞，動名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞，現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞，分詞作狀語與獨立結(jié)構(gòu)等用法對比。 5.不定式和動名詞在及物動詞后作賓語的區(qū)分是考查的（熱點）。 6.過去分詞作定語，不定式和分詞作賓語補足語的用法。 7.不定式標志to和介詞to的用法推斷等。 8.帶to與不帶to的不定式的用法及區(qū)分。 考點一、考查謂語動詞與非謂語動詞的識別 英語句子至少應(yīng)當包括主語與謂語兩部分, 而多數(shù)狀況下謂語都由動詞來充當。假如對句子成分劃分不清，把謂語動詞與非謂語動詞混淆, 做題效果可想而知。要克服這一毛病，關(guān)鍵在于正確推斷、識別動詞在句中是否充當謂語。如： 1. The children (play) _

17、 the violin over there will go on the stage next week. 依據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，我們可以看出這是一個簡潔句。主語是The children，謂語部分是will go on the stage，動詞play明顯在句中不作謂語，應(yīng)用非謂語動詞形式。依據(jù)play與它的規(guī)律主語children之間的主動關(guān)系以及拉小提琴動作正在進行，可以推斷用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語修飾children，意為“正在那邊拉小提琴的小孩”，因而正確答案為playing。 考點二、考查作狀語的非謂語動詞的辨析 作狀語的非謂語動詞主要考查其各種形式的辨析，即是選擇動詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分

18、詞作狀語, 不同的狀語對非謂語動詞的要求不同。 動詞不定式主要作目的、結(jié)果和緣由狀語;現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞主要作時間、緣由、條件、讓步、方式和伴隨狀語，兩者不同之處在于：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，現(xiàn)在分詞的動作就是句子主語的動作,即它的規(guī)律主語就是句子的主語，它們之間的關(guān)系是主動關(guān)系，而過去分詞作狀語時，雖然它的規(guī)律主語也是句子的主語，但過去分詞表示的動作是句子主語承受的動作，它們之間的關(guān)系是被動關(guān)系。請看下面例題： 1._tired of Toms all-talk-no-action attitude, Julia decided to do the job all by herself. A) T

19、o get B) To have got C) Getting D) Have got 一般來說，在句子中沒有連接詞的狀況下, 逗號是無力連接兩個句子的。據(jù)此，首先可以確定 這是一個簡潔句，非謂語動詞（短語）放在句首作狀語。依據(jù)非謂語動詞短語get tired of與其規(guī)律主語Julia之間的主動關(guān)系，以及謂語動詞與非謂語動詞所表示的動作幾乎同時發(fā)生，沒有明顯的先后挨次，可以斷定應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞一般式作緣由狀語,即“由于厭倦了Tom只說不做的工作態(tài)度”，故正確答案為C。 考點三、考查非謂語動詞規(guī)律主語的辨別 非謂語動詞雖然在句中不作謂語，但仍舊有自己規(guī)律上的主語。歷年各種考試的重點在于正確辨別非謂

20、語動詞的規(guī)律主語是什么，兩者之間是主動關(guān)系還是被動關(guān)系，特殊是非謂語動詞作狀語的時候。我們知道，當非謂語動詞放在句首作狀語的時候，一般來說，它的規(guī)律主語就是句子的主語，那么，當它的規(guī)律主語不是句子的主語時，又會消失什么現(xiàn)象呢?請看下面例題： 1. The last bus (go)_, we had to walk home. 2. Weather (permit)_, the spaceship will be launched tomorrow evening. 這兩個非謂語動詞短語的規(guī)律主語都不是句子的主語，而是分別有它自己的規(guī)律主語，即“是 末班車開走了，而不是我們走了”,“是天氣允許

21、,而不是飛船允許”，這種現(xiàn)象或結(jié)構(gòu)就是獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。依據(jù)非謂語動詞與其規(guī)律主語的主動關(guān)系,正確答案分別為having gone和permitting。 高二英語必把握學(xué)問點總結(jié)3 Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. Well-known for their expertise, his parents company . Confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air. Exhausted, I slid i

22、nto the bed and fell fast asleep. 過去分詞作狀語：過去分詞作狀語時，說明動作發(fā)生的背景或狀況，其等同于一個狀語從句。vt 過去分詞作狀語時與主句主語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，表示被動和完成，vi 過去分詞表示狀態(tài)或動作的完成。 Heated , water changes into steam . The professor came in, followed by a group of young people . 1 作緣由狀語，等于as / since / because 引導(dǎo)從句 Moved by what she said ,we couldnt help cr

23、ying . = ( As we are moved by what she said 2 作時間狀語，等于when 引導(dǎo)時間從句，假如分詞表示的動作與謂語的動作同時發(fā)生，可在分詞前加when/ while / until 等使時間意義更明確。 When heated , water can be changed into steam . Seen from the hill ,the park looks very beautiful .= ( When the park is seen from the hill 3 作條件狀語等于 if / whether 引導(dǎo)從句 Given more

24、 attention , the cabbages could have grown better .= ( If they have been given more attention . Compared with you , we still have a long way to go = ( If we are compared with you 4 作方式或伴隨狀語 The actress came in , followed by her fans . She sat by the window , lost in thought . 5 作讓步狀語 Much tired ,he

25、still kept on working .=(Although he was tired ,) he . 6 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)： 當分詞的規(guī)律主語不是主句主語時，分詞可以有自己獨立的規(guī)律主語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。常用來表示伴隨狀況。 The boy rushed into the classroom , his face covered with sweat . All things considered ,your article is of great value than hers . Rewrite with proper conjunctions Example : Unite

26、d we stand, divided we fall. If we are united, we will stand, but if we are divided,we will fall. 1 Asked what had happened, he told us about it. When he was asked what had happened, 2 Well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures. Because he was well known for his

27、expert advice, 3 Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better. If we were given more time, 4 Once translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers. Once it was translated into Chinese, 5 Deeply interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor. Because she was deeply interested in medicine, 6 Left alone at home, Sam did not feel afraid at all. Although he was left alone at home, 現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作狀語 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，與其規(guī)律主語之間是主動關(guān)系，;而過去分詞與其規(guī)律主語之間則表示被動