高考英語Module1《Europe》知識與要點外研必修3-精講版課件

1、話題Europe(歐洲)功能Describing location(描述地理位置)語法1.Passive voice：present and past forms(現(xiàn)在時和過去時的被動語態(tài))2Subject and verb agreement(主謂一致)重點詞匯及拓展1.across prep.橫過；穿過2face vt.面向；面對3mountain n山脈4project n計劃；項目；工程5civilisation n文明6ancient adj.古代的7opposite prep.在對面8geographical adj.地理的9.feature n特點10situate v使位于si

2、tuated adj.坐落(某處的)situation n位置；處境11locate v位于的location n位置12govern vt.統(tǒng)治，治理government n政府13continental adj.大陸的；大洲的content n大陸14agreement n協(xié)議，契約agree v同意disagreement(反義詞)n.不同意重點短語1.off the coast離海岸線不遠的海上2be famous for因而著名be known as作為而聞名3ever since 自此，自從一直4in terms of依據(jù)；依照，在方面5.have control over對加以控

3、制6little by little逐漸地；一點兒點地7be faced with 面臨8on the other hand另一方面重點句型1.France is Europes third largest country.法國是歐洲的第三大國2Italy is in the south of Europe.意大利在歐洲南部3.twice as big as the population of the United States.是美國人口的兩倍。1face nC臉；相貌；表面；C面容；表情；C(物質(zhì)的)表面；(建筑物的)正面vt.面臨(困難等)，面對歸納拓展(1)face to face面對

4、面(作狀語)facetoface面對面(作定語)in (the) face of面臨；在面前l(fā)ose ones face失去面子歸納拓展(2)face danger/difficulties面對危險/困難be faced with面臨，面對例句：I was faced with a new problem.A new problem faced me.我面臨著新的問題。France is Europes third largest country and faces the United Kingdom across the English channel.法國是歐洲第三大國，與英國隔海相望。

5、【鏈接訓(xùn)練】Lets fix a time _ a _ interview.Ato；facetoface Bfor；facetofaceCto；face to face Dfor；face to face【解析】句意為：讓我們確定一個面對面采訪的時間。facetoface作定語，而face to face(不用連字符)可作狀語?！按_定的時間”用fix a time for.?！敬鸢浮緽_ with such great difficulty，Jack felt at a loss _.AFacing；what to sayBFaced；what to sayCHaving faced；how

6、to tellDBeing faced；how to speak【解析】be faced with 為固定短語，主句主語Jack與face之間是被動關(guān)系，故該空應(yīng)填過去分詞形式，作原因狀語；不定式與what連用，在句中起名詞作用，充當(dāng)feel的賓語。【答案】B2range nC山脈，排；行；一系列；(變化等的)幅度；(知識等的)范圍；區(qū)域；射程 v排列；將排成行；(在一定范圍內(nèi))變動；變化歸納拓展(1)in/within range (of)在射程以內(nèi)；在范圍內(nèi)beyond/out of range在射程以外，在范圍外a wide range of interests興趣廣泛mountain

7、range 山脈(2)range from.to.在范圍內(nèi)變化range.in rows把排成列例句：The student has a wide range of interests.那個學(xué)生的興趣廣泛。The price of the house is well beyond our range.這所房子的價格遠遠超出了我們能承受的范圍。The prices of the cars range from $50,000 to $120,000.汽車的價格在5萬美元和12萬美元之間?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】Whats the cost of your shirts here，sir?It depends

8、 on which fashion you want to buy，and the prices _ from 100 dollars to 500 dollars.Aincrease Brange Crank Ddiffer【解析】答句句意為：這取決于你要什么款式的，價格從100至500美元各不相同/不等。range from.to.“在范圍內(nèi)變動”?！敬鸢浮緽3situated adj.坐落于(某處)的；位于(某處)的歸納拓展(1)be situated on/in/at.位于的，坐落在的；處于地位(境遇、狀態(tài))的be located at/in/on.位于的，處于位置注意：situate

9、d作形容詞用時，多用于描述人或事物，意思是“處于境況”。be badly/well situated境況困難/良好(2)situate vt.使位于，使處于，坐落于situation n形勢，境遇，情況；(建筑物等的)位置；立場，局勢例句：All the apartments are beautifully situated overlooking the beach.所有的公寓都環(huán)境優(yōu)美，俯瞰海濱。Ski Apache is located in southern New Mexico.阿帕契滑雪場位于新墨西哥州南部。Having six children and no income，I w

10、as badly situated.我有六個孩子卻沒有收入，生活十分困難。【鏈接訓(xùn)練】London is a most beautiful city in Britain，_the River Thames.Alocated in Blied onCsituated on Dstood in【解析】lie，stand意為“位于”時，用主動形式；locate，situate意為“位于”，用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)，be situated on.表示“位于河畔/岸邊”?！敬鸢浮緾4opposite prep.在的對面(后面跟與位置相關(guān)的名詞)adj.相反的，對面的adv.在對面；在對過n對立面；對立的人或物；反

11、義詞歸納拓展(1)be opposite to在對面；與相反just the opposite恰恰相反(2)opposition n反對；抵抗；反擊in opposition to反對(3)oppose vt.反對；使對立；抵抗be opposed to反對，對抗例句：The building is opposite to the bank.那棟建筑物在銀行的對面。Marthas not shy at alljust the opposite in fact.瑪莎一點兒都不靦腆，事實上正好相反。They are on strike in opposition to the lay off.他們

12、罷工以反對臨時解雇。We are bitterly opposed to the racial discrimination.我們強烈反對種族歧視?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】There is a KFC _ the bookstore.Cross the street and youll find it easily.Aon the contrary of Bopposite toCopposite from Din front of【解析】句意為：書店對面有家肯德基餐廳。穿過這條街你就能很容易地找到。be opposite to意為“在的對面”，符合題意。【答案】B5sign n記號，符號；跡象；征兆；痕

13、跡；姿勢 v簽(名)；做手勢；做記號；簽署(文件、協(xié)議書等)歸納拓展(1)sign language手勢語make/give a sign to對做手勢a sign of.的標志/跡象(2)sign in簽到sign out簽字離開sign sb. to do sth.打手勢讓某人做某事(3)signature n簽名put ones signature on/to the contract在合同上簽名例句：A red sky at sunset is a sign of good weather.日落時的晚霞是好天氣的征兆。The policeman signed the driver to

14、 stop.那警察做手勢讓那司機停下來。He signed his name on the painting which he had just finished.他在剛剛畫好的畫上簽上了名字?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】The president_the telecommunications reform bill into law yesterday.Awrote Bsigned Cput Dplaced【解析】句意為：總統(tǒng)昨天簽署電信改革法案使之成為法律。sign“簽署(文件、協(xié)議等)”，符合題意?！敬鸢浮緽6agreement n同意，一致；協(xié)定，協(xié)議歸納拓展(1)in agreement with符

15、合；同意；和一致make an agreement with與達成協(xié)議make/reach/come to/arrive at an agreement達成協(xié)議；取得一致意見(2)agree vi.&vt.同意，贊成的意見；與一致；承認，適合disagree vi.不一致，不適宜disagreement n意見不同；爭執(zhí)，不和，爭論例句：If our talks go on like this，we will never reach an agreement.倘若我們的談判照這樣進行下去的話，是永遠不會達成什么協(xié)議的。It was the Five Minds who kept to the

16、agreement that led to the end of the World War .由于“五巨頭”堅持履行了協(xié)議，才使二戰(zhàn)走向結(jié)束。His opinion is in agreement with mine.他的意見和我的一致?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】He appears honest，why do so few people believe in him?Because what he does is not always in_with what he says.Aagreement BconflictCtouch Drelation【解析】依據(jù)答句句意“因為他言行不一致”可知，in ag

17、reement with“與一致”符合題意。in conflict with“有爭執(zhí)，有分歧”；in touch with“與有聯(lián)系”；in relation with“與有關(guān)系”?！敬鸢浮緼1because of因為；由于歸納拓展(1)because of在句中一般用作狀語，可置于句首或句末。(2)owing to意為“由于，因為”，在句中通常用作狀語，可置于句首或句末。(3)due to意為“由于”，它引導(dǎo)的短語在句中一般用作表語或定語，但在很多場合，可與owing to通用，作狀語。(4)on account of意為“因緣故，由于”，它引導(dǎo)的短語在句中通常作狀語，可置于句首或句末。(5

18、)as a result of意為“由于的結(jié)果”，一般用作狀語。(6)thanks to是介詞短語，含有“幸虧、多虧、由于、因為”等意思。它引導(dǎo)的短語在句中用作狀語時，大多放在句首，但也可以置于句末。例句：The plane arrived late because of the snowstorm.飛機因暴風(fēng)雪晚點了。All flights into London Heathrow have been delayed due to/owing to/because of the thick fog.所有飛往倫敦希斯羅機場的航班均因大霧而延誤。Thanks to the publics gen

19、erosity，weve been able to build two new schools in the area.多虧公眾慷慨解囊，我們才得以在該地區(qū)建造了兩所新學(xué)校。The accident was largely due to human error.這起事故主要出自人為的過錯?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】He was late not only _ his illness but also _ he missed the train.Abecause；for Bbecause of；becauseCfor；because of Dbecause of；because of【解析】because o

20、f 后跟名詞或代詞，在句中作狀語；because 后跟從句，故應(yīng)選B。【答案】B2in terms of用字眼；從的觀點(角度)；從方面來說歸納拓展in the long/short term就長/短期而言keep/be on good/bad terms with sb.與某人交情好/不好be on equal terms關(guān)系平等例句：In terms of customers satisfaction，the policy can not be criticized.說到顧客的滿意情況，這個政策無可挑剔。 The companys prospects look good in the lo

21、ng term.公司的遠景看好。My sister and I are on good terms with each other.我和我姐姐之間的關(guān)系很好?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】 Do you approve of the idea that success can be measured _ money alone?Ain case of Bin terms ofCin the opinion of Din favor of【解析】in terms of含有“依據(jù)，從方面來說”等意思，表示根據(jù)某種情況來說，符合題意。in case of意為“以防萬一”；in favor of意為“支持，贊同”?！敬?/p>

22、案】BI feel sure that_qualification，ability and experience，you are abundantly suited to the position we have in mind.Aon account of Bin spite ofCby means of Din terms of【解析】考查介詞短語辨析。句意為：我覺得就資歷、能力、經(jīng)驗而言，你最適合我們設(shè)置的這個職位。on account ofbecause of“因為，由于”；in spite of“盡管”；by means of“以方式”；in terms of“就而言”，根據(jù)句意，選

23、D。【答案】D3on the other hand另一方面，反過來說歸納拓展at hand在手邊，在附近；即將到來，即將發(fā)生at first hand第一手地，直接地at second hand第二手的；間接的；舊的；用過的hand in hand手牽手，攜手；共同地in hand在手邊；進行中的；在掌握中on (the) one hand.；on the other (hand).一方面另一方面例句：Father and mother wanted to go for a ride.The children，on the other hand，wanted to stay home and

24、play with their friends.父母想騎車出去兜風(fēng)，另一方面，孩子們卻想在家與朋友一起玩。On the one hand theyd love to have kids，but on the other，they dont want to give up their freedom.一方面，他們想要孩子，但另一方面，他們又不想放棄自由自在的生活。She stayed there to experience village life at first hand.她留在那兒親身體驗鄉(xiāng)村生活?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】I dont want to buy the dictionary._， its

25、 too expensive；_I dont have enough money with me at present.ABecause；andBAt first；thenCOn one hand；on the other handDOn one hand；on other hand【解析】句意為：我不想買這本詞典，一方面，它太貴了，另一方面，我此刻沒有帶足夠的錢。on (the) one hand.，on the other (hand)“一方面，另一方面”，符合題意?！敬鸢浮緾1Their work has influenced other writers ever since.從那時起他

26、們的作品就一直影響著其他作家。ever since自從一直；從那時起，一直到現(xiàn)在歸納拓展ever since自此，自從。表示以過去某一時間為起點持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的某一動作或狀態(tài)，常與完成時連用。與完成時連用的常見短語或詞語有：by now到現(xiàn)在為止so far/up to now到目前為止in the last/past時間段在過去的內(nèi)by the end of到為止recently/already近來/已經(jīng)例句：Weve been friends ever since we met at school.我們自從在學(xué)校見面至今，一直是朋友。I havent seen my MP3 ever sinc

27、e.從那以后我再也沒見過我的MP3。We havent had any trouble so far.迄今為止我們沒碰上什么麻煩?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】_ when has the country been open to international trade?1978，I suppose.ASince BInCFrom DAfter【解析】since意為“自從”，常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用，表示動作從過去某個時候開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。根據(jù)特殊疑問句中的時態(tài)可判斷要用since，since when表示“從什么時候”。in意為“(表示時間)在之內(nèi)，在之后”；from用于表示時間，意為“從，自”；after表示

28、時間，意為“在以后”?！敬鸢浮緼Have you known Dr.Jackson for a long time?Yes，since she _ the Chinese Society.Ahas joined BjoinsChad joined Djoined【解析】根據(jù)句子語境，本對話的問題部分為一個現(xiàn)在完成時的主句。since引導(dǎo)的狀語從句回答的是從過去什么時候開始認識Dr.Jackson的，用一般過去時，故此處選D項。【答案】D2Italy is in the south of Europe on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea.意大利在歐洲的南端

29、，位于地中海沿岸。歸納拓展表示“某物在哪個方向”可用south/west/north/east等，構(gòu)成如下幾種表達方式：(1).is in the south of在的南部(在內(nèi)部).is on the south of在南邊(接壤).is to the south of在以南(在外部，不接壤)(2).is south of在南部(不指明在內(nèi)部還是在外部)(3)借助there構(gòu)成there be結(jié)構(gòu)。注意：把表示方位、地點的介詞或副詞短語放到句首，句子用倒裝語序。例句：In the south/west/north/east of the city is the house.South/Wes

30、t/North/East of the city is the house.那幢房子是在城市的南方(西方、北方、東方)。例句：Guangdong is in the south of China.廣東在中國的南部。Jiangsu is on the south of Shandong.江蘇在山東南面。Mexico is (on the) south of the USA.墨西哥位于美國的南面。There is a river in the north of our village.我們村莊北面有一條小河。East of our school lies a railway.我們學(xué)校東面有一條鐵路

31、?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】_ of the Pacific Ocean _ Canada.AThe east；lies BEast；liesCTo the east；does lie DOn the east；does lie【解析】考查倒裝。表示方位的east置于句首時，句子用倒裝語序。句意為：太平洋在加拿大的東邊?！敬鸢浮緽1現(xiàn)在時與過去時的被動語態(tài)(1)一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成形式：am/is/arep.p.(過去分詞)例句：Rice is grown in the south of the state.該州南部種水稻。(2)一般過去時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成形式：was/werep.p.(過去分詞)例句：T

32、he building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.上月他們在建一個新的汽車工廠這件事上達成一致協(xié)議。(3)被動語態(tài)的用法不知道或沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者時。例句：The bridge was built last year.這座橋是去年建造的。He was elected chairman.他被選為主席。當(dāng)更加強調(diào)動作的承受者時。此時動作的執(zhí)行者由by引導(dǎo)，置于謂語動詞之后，不需要時可以省略。例句：The tiger was killed by him.老虎被他殺死了。當(dāng)動作的執(zhí)行者不是人時，多用被動語態(tài)。例句：The wi

33、ndow was blown open by wind.窗戶被風(fēng)吹開了。表示客觀的說明，常用“It is過去分詞”句型。例句：It is said that Lucy has gone abroad.據(jù)說露茜已經(jīng)出國了?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】The number of deaths from traffic accidents will be reduced greatly if people _ to obey the rules.Apersuade Bwill persuadeCbe persuaded Dare persuaded【解析】考查一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)句子意思及結(jié)構(gòu)分析，應(yīng)該是說服

34、人們而不是人們說服他人，因此用被動語態(tài)；又本題屬于真實條件句，不是虛擬語氣，故排除C項，答案為D?！敬鸢浮緿It is said that the pen _，so I bought one yesterday.Awrites well Bwrites goodCis well written Dis good written【解析】考查動詞的主動語態(tài)表示被動含義。根據(jù)詞性可以判斷，write不是系動詞，不能與形容詞連用，故排除B、D項；選項C是對主語的評價，說明主語做得怎么樣，而選項A說明主語“鋼筆”的內(nèi)在性質(zhì)，根據(jù)句意可知選A?！敬鸢浮緼Officials say that few pat

35、ients _ with the virus owing to the effective prevention.Ainfected Bare infectedChave infected Dbe infected【解析】few patients與infect之間存在被動關(guān)系，所以要用被動語態(tài)，故選B。【答案】BThe flowers were so lovely that they _ in no time.Asold Bhad been soldCwere sold Dwould sell【解析】根據(jù)所提供的情景“The flowers were so lovely”，可判斷出要用一般過去

36、時，表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。再根據(jù)the flowers與sell之間的關(guān)系確定用被動語態(tài)，表示“很快就賣完了”，故選C?！敬鸢浮緾Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea，which _ the Pacific，and we met no storms.Awas called Bis calledChad been called Dhas been called【解析】雖然去航海發(fā)生在過去，但是，海的名稱不會隨時間變化，所以要用一般現(xiàn)在時，故選B?！敬鸢浮緽2主謂一致主謂一致是指主語和謂語必須保持人稱和數(shù)

37、的變化的一致，即句中謂語的變化形式要根據(jù)句子主語的人稱和數(shù)的形式?jīng)Q定。(1)有些集體名詞，如crowd，family，team，orchestra (管弦樂隊)，group，government，committee，class，school，union，firm，staff，public等，它們作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)語言內(nèi)容而定。如果它們作為一個集體單位時，動詞用單數(shù)形式，如就其中的各個成員來說，則謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例句：His family is going to move.他們家要搬家。His family are very well.他們家每個人都身體健康。(2)有些表示總稱意義的名

38、詞，形式上是單數(shù)，而意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如people，police，militia，cattle，poultry (家禽)等。例句：It was common that cattle were allowed to graze on the village.在鄉(xiāng)村放牛很常見。(3)單數(shù)主語、單個動詞不定式、動名詞短語以及句子作主語，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。復(fù)數(shù)主語，用and或both.and連接的動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語以及主語從句作主語，謂語動詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例句：Serving the people is my great happiness.為人民服務(wù)是我最大的幸福。

39、Both you and I are students.你和我都是學(xué)生。注意：(1)在what引導(dǎo)的主語從句中，如果表語是復(fù)數(shù)時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例句：What mother bought are some books.母親買的是一些書。(2)修飾語對主語的數(shù)沒有影響。例句：The performance of the first three clowns was very funny.前三個小丑的表演很滑稽。(3)and所連接的兩個詞如指同一主體時，謂語則用單數(shù)形式，否則，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。例句：A singer and dancer was present at the party toda

40、y.一位歌舞演員出席了今天的派對。A singer and a dancer were present at the party today.一位歌唱家和一位舞者出席了今天的派對。(4)有些代詞只能指單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，當(dāng)它們在句子中作主語時，盡管在意義上是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞仍要用單數(shù)形式。這類代詞有either，neither，each one，the other，another，somebody，someone，something，anyone，anything，anybody，everyone，everything，everybody，no one，nothing，nobody等。例句：Neith

41、er likes the friends of the other.兩人都不喜歡對方的朋友。Everything around us is matter.我們周圍的所有東西都是物質(zhì)。(5)none接不可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞為單數(shù)；接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時，謂語單復(fù)數(shù)均可。例句：None of us seem/seems worried.我們沒有一個人顯得憂慮。(6)兩個主語用or，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.，not.but.連接起來，謂語與靠近的主語的數(shù)一致。例句：You or I am wrong.你或者我是錯的。(7)在There be

42、.句型中，如果有兩個以上的并列主語，謂語往往與第一個主語一致。例句：There is a book and two pens on the desk.桌子上有一本書和兩支鋼筆。There are two pens and a book on the desk.桌子上有兩支鋼筆和一本書。(8)一個主語后面跟有with.，together with.，as well as.，like.，but.，except.引導(dǎo)的短語時，謂語不受這些短語的影響，仍與前面的主語一致。例句：John，together with his wife，was at the party.約翰和他的妻子出現(xiàn)在晚會上。Nothing but two tables was seen in the room.房間里除了兩張桌子什么都看不到。(9)由quantities of.或amounts of.名詞構(gòu)成的主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例句：Large quantities of foo