2022年近5年高考全國卷真題語法專項-定語從句(詳解與真題)

1、20225項-定語從句詳解與真題語法填空和短文改錯；其次閱讀理解和完型填空中長難句的分析等1考點聚焦位置：定語從句置于被修飾詞之后例如：HeisthemanwhostudiesinUSA.本句中涉及到三個概念：theman：被定語從句飾的詞稱為先行詞先行詞一般是名詞和不定代詞，如:some-any-everyno-boy, -thing 行詞，人稱代詞也同樣可作先行詞。who:起連接的作用引導(dǎo)詞分兩類：關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞：when;where;whystudiesinUSA.：引導(dǎo)詞之后的句子。2考點精講關(guān)系代詞 : who;whichthatwhomwhosewho;which;th

2、at;whomwho:指代先行詞是人(可做從句的主語或賓語) SheisthegirlwhoIteachinChina.(從句缺賓語)ThatisthemanwhoteachesusEnglish.(從句缺主語)which:指代先行詞是物做從句的主語或賓語ThatisthebookwhichIwant.(從句缺賓語)Thereisabirdwhichstandsinthebuilding.(從句缺主語)that: 指代先行詞是人或物做從句的主語或賓語 Sheisthegirlwho/thatIteachinChina.(從句缺賓語)Thereisabirdwhich/thatstandsint

3、hebuilding.(從句缺主語)whom;指代先行詞是人，但只用于從句是缺賓語的狀況。Sheisthegirlwho/whomIteachinChina.(從句缺賓語)的)whose:指代從句中缺定語的狀況表示所屬關(guān)系Thatisthebuildingwhosewindowsbrokelastnight.(本句中的 windowsthebuildingbuildings)狀況即從句是個完整句)詞+which)Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichIcametoBeijing.(該從句是一個thedayon 來做狀語的成分即IcametoBeijingontheda

4、y)whereplace;house;school;也可以是模糊的詞如：point;stage;work;situation+which)bornIwasbornwhereinwhich)why:指代先行詞是表緣由的詞即：reasonfor+which)Thatisthereasonwhy/forwhichhewaslateforschool.3非限制性定語從句在非限制性定語從句的前面往往有逗號隔開。Thehouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasalovelygarden.HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupset

5、sme.Istillremembertheday,whenIcametoBeijing.4總結(jié)定語從句三步法：找出先行詞推斷從句是不是完整句:完整句考慮關(guān)系副詞：when;wherewhy選擇適宜的關(guān)系詞留意：what;that；ThehousethatIboughtlastyearhasalovelygarden.(錯誤) ThehousewhichIboughtlastyearhasalovelygarden.先行詞做從句的賓語時，可省引導(dǎo)詞ThatisthebookwhichIwant.ThatisthebookIwant.that 而不用which先行詞被形容詞最高級 序數(shù)詞 數(shù)詞幾種

6、詞修飾或被 only、any、few、little、no、all、oneof、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代詞時。先行詞中既有人又有物時。Hewaslookingpleasantlyattechildrenandparcelsthatfilledhisbus.4先行詞在主句中作表語關(guān)系詞在從句中作表語時。Thevillageisnolongertheonethatwas5yearsago.5whichWhicharethebooksthatyouboughtforme?whichthat在非限制性定語從句中在關(guān)系詞前有介詞時that當(dāng)關(guān)系詞離先行詞較遠時

7、52022 2022語法填空Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiverarepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinesepaintings.2022 1解析:本句中的從句是缺主語的，所以考慮關(guān)系代詞，通過推斷先行詞是mountainsdksfeith。ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,Iwasthefi

8、rstWesternTVreporter.(20221)2080the1980swhenSome people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, lived fromroughly551to479B.C.,influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks.20223551479，影響了ChinesescholarConfuciuswho。Likeanythingitispossibletohavetoomuchofbothisnotgoodforthehealth.20221which。ButSarahhas

9、takenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.20223Sarahwho。Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2022showedamerefiveto10minutesdayofrunningreducedekftedysml12022510studythatwhich。The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2022whe

10、n thegovernmentstartedasoil-testingprogramgives specific fertilizerrecommendationstofarmersand2022fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.20222programthatwhich。Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.(20222)sheopenedshopwhich。Weweref

11、irstgreetedwiththebarkingbyapackofdogs，seventobeexact.They were well trained by their masters had great experience with caringfortheseanimals.20223hadgreatexperiencetheirmasterswho。短文改錯Intheirsparetimetheyareinterestedinplantingvegetablesintheirgardenthatisontherooftopoftheirhouse.20222thatisontherooftopoftheirhouse.前有個逗號，所以thatwhichAround me in the picture are the things they were very important in mylifeatthattimecarmagazinesandmusicalinstruments.20223解析：在照片中，我的四周是那時我生命中格外重要的東西：車刊和樂器。theywereveryimportantthethingstheywhichthat。Theyalsohadasmallpondwhich