四級翻譯中的中國特色詞匯課件

1、四級翻譯中的中國特色詞匯一、中國朝代的那些事兒中華文明 Chinese civilization文明搖籃 cradle of civilization華夏祖先 the Chinese ancestors秦始皇帝 First Emperor, Emperor Chin皇太后 Empress Dowager四級翻譯中的中國特色詞匯漢高祖劉邦 founder of the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD)成吉思汗 Genghis Khan ; Temujin夏朝 Xia Dynasty明清兩代 (of) Ming and Qing dynasties朝廷使者 royal court

2、 envoy四級翻譯中的中國特色詞匯二、中國那些易錯的地名四川 Sichuan, Szechwan, Szechuan陝西 Shaanxi 這兩個地名是經(jīng)常弄錯的呦，而且寫法也不同于拼音哦，請注意！四級翻譯中的中國特色詞匯三、四大發(fā)明的英文說法四大發(fā)明 the four great inventions of ancient China火藥 gunpowder印刷術(shù) printing造紙術(shù) paper-making指南針 the compass四級翻譯中的中國特色詞匯五、漢語的那些秘密漢字 Chinese character單音節(jié) single syllable漢語四聲調(diào) the four t

3、ones of Chinese characters陽平 level tone陰平 rising tone上聲 falling-rising tone去聲 falling tone五言絕句 five-character quatrain七言律詩 seven-character octave八股文 eight-part essay; stereotyped writing四級翻譯中的中國特色詞匯2、五經(jīng)The Five Classics春秋 the Spring and Autumn Annals詩經(jīng) The Books of Songs; The Book of Odes易經(jīng)（周易） I Ch

4、ing; The Book of Changes禮記 The Book of Rites尚書 （書經(jīng)）The Books of History四級翻譯中的中國特色詞匯七、假期霸屏的那些中國四大名著三國演義 Three Kingdoms西游記 Journey to the West; Pilgrimage to the West水滸傳 Heroes of the Marshes; Tales of the Water Margin紅樓夢 Dream of the Red Mansions四級翻譯中的中國特色詞匯九、近現(xiàn)代大師的佳作圍城 Fortress Besieged阿Q正傳 The True

5、 Story of Ah Q吾國吾民 My Country and My People京華煙云 Moment in Peking駱駝祥子 Rickshaw/James茶館 Teahouse邊城 The Border Town傾城之戀Love in a Fallen City十八春 （傾城之戀）Eighteen Springs四級翻譯中的中國特色詞匯十、中華文化遺產(chǎn)拾珠重要文化遺產(chǎn) major cultural heritage優(yōu)秀民間藝術(shù) outstanding folk arts文物 cultural relics中國畫 traditional Chinese painting書法 call

6、igraphy水墨畫 Chinese brush painting; ink and wash painting工筆 traditional Chinese realistic painting中國結(jié) Chinese knot旗袍 Cheongsam中山裝 Chinese tunic suit唐裝 traditional Chinese garments (clothing)， Tang suit四級翻譯中的中國特色詞匯十一、藝術(shù)相關(guān)詞匯怎么說文人 men of letters雅士 refined scholars表演藝術(shù) performing art現(xiàn)代流行藝術(shù) popular art, p

7、op art純藝術(shù) high art高雅藝術(shù) refined art電影藝術(shù) cinematographic art戲劇藝術(shù) theatrical art才子佳人 gifted scholars and beautiful ladies四級翻譯中的中國特色詞匯十二、國粹里的那些“術(shù)語”花臉 painted role歌舞喜劇 musical滑稽場面, 搞笑小噱頭 shtick滑稽短劇 skit京劇人物臉譜 Peking Opera Mask四級翻譯中的中國特色詞匯十三、中國的那些戲劇文化皮影戲 shadow play; leather-silhouette show說書 story-tellin

8、g疊羅漢 make a human pyramid折子戲 opera highlights踩高蹺 stilt walk啞劇 pantomime; mime啞劇演員 pantomimist戲劇小品 skit四級翻譯中的中國特色詞匯十四、那些中國特有的絕技&瑰寶習武健身 practice martial art for fitness氣功 qigong, deep breathing exercises篆刻 seal cutting upriteous工藝, 手藝 workmanship / craftsmanship卷軸 scroll蠟染 batik四級翻譯中的中國特色詞匯十四、那些中國特有的絕

9、技&瑰寶泥人 clay figure漆畫 lacquer painting唐三彩 Trio-colored glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty景泰藍 cloisonn文房四寶 The four stationery treasures of the Chinese study - a writing brush, an ink stick, an ink stone and paper四級翻譯中的中國特色詞匯十五、中國傳統(tǒng)文化民間傳說 folklores寓言 fable傳說 legend神話 mythology古為今用,洋為中用 make the past s

10、erve the present and the foreign serve china賦詩 inscribe a poem對對聯(lián) matching an antithetical couplet四級翻譯中的中國特色詞匯十六、中國天干地支等陽歷 solar calendar公歷 Gregorian calendar陰歷 lunar calendar天干 heavenly stem地支 earthly branch閏年 leap year二十四節(jié)氣 the twenty-four solar terms四級翻譯中的中國特色詞匯十七、中國年&那些傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日十二生肖 the twelve Chines

11、e zodiac signs本命年 ones year of birth considered in relation to the 12 Terrestrial Branches傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日 traditional holidays春節(jié) the Spring Festival元宵節(jié) the Lantern Festival (15th day of the first lunar month)四級翻譯中的中國特色詞匯十七、中國年&那些傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日清明節(jié) the Pure Brightness Festival / the Tomb-sweeping Day (April the 5th)端午節(jié) th

12、e Dragon Boat Festival (5th of the fifth lunar month)中秋節(jié) the Moon Festival / the Mid-Autumn Day (15th of the eight lunar month)重陽節(jié) the Double Ninth Day / the Aged DayIn the eyes of the western, the basic food closest to China is rice. Rice has long occupied so significant a position in the diet of C

13、hinese that there is a proverb “ Even a clever housewife cannot cook a meal without rice”. Rice is grown mostly in southern China where people usually take rice as their staple food, while it cannot be planted in northern China where the climate is either too cold or too dry for rice to grow. As a r

14、esult, the main crop in the north is wheat. In China, flour is sometimes the main ingredient for bread but more often used to make buns and noodles。第一句，簡單句;第二句如此以至于結(jié)構(gòu)“so. that注意so的用法，直接接adj. 或adv。第三句南北對比，可以用while或whereas連接，最后一句也是對比句，主語people是比較泛的大主語，考慮改寫為被動句。點評：1.詞匯點評：本篇翻譯中國特有的詞匯考查較多，比如大米和水稻（rice）、小

15、麥（wheat）、面粉（flour）、饅頭（steamed bread）、面條（noodles）。2.諺語考察：這是今年最難的一句話，因為上下文限制，最恰當?shù)姆g必須翻出rice，這就意味著不能意譯，但是“巧婦”的處理需要稍加解釋（clever housewife）。3.語法考查：最高級、無主句、對比關(guān)系（兩處）等考察也是年年必考，同學們備考時這些語法點要多加練習。參考范文1China is one of the oldest cultures in the world, from which much that constructs the foundation of the modern

16、world is derived. China is witnessing the fastest development of its economy and experiencing a new industrial revolution. Also, China has started the ambitious program for exploring the outer space, including to complete a space station by 2020. Currently, being one of the largest exporters in the

17、world, China is attracting massive foreign investment. Simultaneously, it has invested billions of dollars overseas. In 2011, China surpassed Japan as the worlds second-largest economy。參考范文2China is one of the worlds most ancient civilizations. Many elements that founded the modern world originated

18、in China. China has the worlds fastest growing economy and is undergoing a new industrial revolution. China has also launched its ambitious space exploration plan, including building a space station by 2020. Now, China is one of the largest exporters in the world and is attracting a large number of

19、foreign investment. Meanwhile, it has invested billions of dollars overseas. In 2011, China surpassed Japan and became the world second largest economy。 據(jù)報道，今年在中國快遞服務(wù)將遞送120億件包裹，這將使中國可能超越美國成為世界上最大的快遞市場。大多數(shù)包裹里裝著網(wǎng)上訂購的物品。中國給教育百萬在線;零售以及其競爭力的價格，銷售商品的機會。僅在11月11日，中國消費者就從國內(nèi)最大的購物平臺購買了90億美元的商品，中國有這樣不少的特殊購物日。因此

20、快遞業(yè)在中國擴展就不足為奇了。參考范文1According to reports, this year in China express delivery service will deliver 12000000000 packages, which will make China surpassed the United States as the worlds largest express market. Most of the items contained in the parcel were ordered online. China has given millions onl

21、ine to education; retail and its competitive prices, opportunities for selling goods. In November 11th alone, Chinese consumers bought $9000000000 from the largest shopping platform in China, with a lot of special shopping days for China. So the express industry in China is not surprising expansion.

22、參考范文2 It is reported that Chinas express courier service will deliver about 12 billion packages this year. China could overtake the United States as the worlds largest express market. Most packages are for items ordered online. China provides opportunities to millions of online retailers to sell goo

23、ds at very competitive prices. Only on November 11th, Chinese consumers bought $9 billion worth of goods from the nations largest shopping platform. There are many such special shopping days in China. Therefore, the expansion of express industry is not surprising at all.點評：詞匯考查：今年這篇四級考察社會熱點快遞和網(wǎng)購，相關(guān)的

24、熱點詞匯有courier service，delivery，packages，online shopping，express industry等。2.數(shù)字考察：數(shù)字翻譯的考察從2014年12月份開始成為必考重點之一，特別是million和billion這兩個數(shù)量級別的考察。3.句法考察：被動語態(tài)（據(jù)報道），最高級（最大的快遞市場、最大的購物平臺），因果關(guān)系等（因此）等。 環(huán)境保護是中國的一項基本國策。防治環(huán)境污染和生態(tài)破壞以及合理開發(fā)利用自然資源關(guān)系到國家的全局利益和長遠發(fā)展。中華人民共和國憲法（the Constitution of the Peoples Republic of China

25、）規(guī)定：“國家保護和改善生活環(huán)境和生態(tài)環(huán)境，防治污染和其他公害?！薄皣冶Ｕ献匀毁Y源的合理利用，保護珍貴的動物和植物。禁止任何組織或者個人用任何手段侵占或者破壞自然資源?！?Environmental protection is one of Chinas basic state policy. The prevention and control of environmental pollution and ecological destruction, together with the rational exploitation and utilization of natural re

26、sources, is of vital importance to the countrys overall interests and long-term development. As the Constitution of the Peoples Republic of China stipulates, the state protects and improves the living environment and the ecological environment. It prevents and controls pollution, as well as other pu

27、blic hazards. The constitution also makes it clear that the state ensures the rational use of natural resources and protects rare animals and plants. Appropriation or damage of natural resources by any organization or individual by whatever means is prohibited.中國的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)社區(qū)是全世界發(fā)展最快的。2010年，中國約有4.2億網(wǎng)民( net

28、izen )，且人數(shù)還在迅速增長?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)的日漸流行帶來了重大的社會變化。中國網(wǎng)民往往不同于美國網(wǎng)民。美國網(wǎng)民更多的是受實際需要的驅(qū)使，用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)為工具發(fā)電子郵件、買賣商品、規(guī)劃旅程或付款。中國網(wǎng)民更多是出于社交原因使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，因而更廣泛地使用QQ、聊天室等。本次四級翻譯要求我們總共翻譯三段共6句話，從詞法的角度看，相對較容易，沒有出現(xiàn)相對偏難的知識點，重點考查了下面這些功能性表達。1. 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)社區(qū)：Internet community2. 日漸流行：increasingly popular/prevalent; Increasing popularity3. 受實際需要的驅(qū)使：be driven

29、 by practical needs4. 重大社會變革：major social change; significant social change5. 不同于：be different from; differ from. ; other than;6. 規(guī)劃旅程：plan the journey; 付款：pay for the bill; cover the cost7. 出于：for the purpose of.; out of .8. 社交：social contact; social intercourse The internet community in China is d

30、eveloping at the fastest speed around the world. China has about 420 million netizens in 2010, and the number is still growing quickly. The increasing popularity of internet has produced the major social change. And netizens in China are often different from that of America. American netizens are mo

31、re driven by practical needs, using the internet to send e-mails, buy and sell goods, plan the journey or pay for the bill. However, Chinese netizens are using internet for the purpose of social contact. Consequently, they are more widely using the QQ and chat-rooms and so on.大熊貓是一種溫順的動物，長著獨特的黑白皮毛。因

32、其數(shù)量極少，大熊貓已被列為瀕危物種。大熊貓對于世界自然基金會有著特殊意義。自1961年該基金會成立以來，大熊貓就一直是它的徽標。大熊貓是熊科中最稀有的成員，主要生活在中國西南部的森林里。目前，世界上大約有1000只大熊貓。這些以竹為食的動物正面臨許多威脅。因此，確保大熊貓的生存比以往更重要。 The giant panda is a docile animal with unique black and white fur.Because of their small number, giant pandas have been listed as an endangered species.

33、 The giant pandas are of special significance for WWF (World Wildlife Fund). Since the establishment in 1961, the fund has been using the giant panda as its logo. The giant panda is the rarest member of the bear family. They mainly live in the forests of southwestern China. Currently, there are abou

34、t 1,000 giant pandas in the world. The bamboo-eating animals are facing many threats. Therefore, to ensure the survival of the giant panda is more important than ever.閱讀的選詞填空30個高頻詞1. competition n. 競爭，比賽2. exception n. 例外，除外3. issue n. 問題 / v. 發(fā)行，發(fā)布4. phenomenon n. 現(xiàn)象，事件5. recession n. 經(jīng)濟衰退，不景氣6. re

35、source n. 資源，物力7. result n. 結(jié)果 / v. 產(chǎn)生8. survey n. / v. 調(diào)查9. variety n. 多樣，種類10. worth n. 財富，價值 / adj. 值得的閱讀的選詞填空30個高頻詞11. adapt v. 適應(yīng)12. analyze v. 分析13. cause n. 原因，理由 / v. 成為的原因，導致14. determine v. 決定，確定15. invest v. 投資，花費16. involve v. 包含，牽涉17. maintain v. 保持，保養(yǎng)18. range v. 把分類，范圍從（與from連用）19. re

36、duce v. 減少，縮小20. specialize v. 專門從事，專攻（與in連用）閱讀的選詞填空30個高頻詞21. available adj. 可獲得的，有空的22. average adj. 平常的，平均的 / n. 平均水平23. domestic adj. 家庭的，國內(nèi)的24. excessive adj. 過度的，極度的25. particular adj. 特別的，詳細的26. suitable adj. 合適的，適當?shù)?7. total adj. 總計的（金額等） / n. 總計，總數(shù)28. especially adv. 尤其地29. really adv. 真，真正3

37、0. increasingly adv. 越來越多地中國有句說法:不去長城看一看或沒有品嘗北京烤鴨(Beijing Roast Duck)都不算來過北京。如果你想更多地了解中國菜系、文化和習俗，北京烤鴨作為著名的、擁有悠久歷史的美食是絕佳的選擇。供應(yīng)烤鴨的兩大最著名的餐廳是便宜坊 (Bianyifang Roast Duck Restaurant)和全聚德。這兩家餐廳都有100多年的歷史了。 品嘗烤鴨的真正方式是這樣的:首先拿起一片小薄餅，抹上甜面醬(sweet bean sauce),加點蔥段，再加幾片鴨肉，最后將餅卷起來，咬上一口。你會為這種美味而感到驚奇的。詞句點撥1.中國有句說法:可譯

38、為According to a Chinese saying或There is a saying in China。2.不算來過北京:可理解為“游玩北京不完整”，故可譯為novisit to Beijing is complete。3.絕佳的選擇:可譯為an excellent choice。4.卷起來:可譯為roll-up。5.咬上一口:譯為take a bite。 According to a Chinese saying, no visit to Beijing is complete if you miss seeing the Great Wall or dining on Beij

39、ing Roast Duck. As a famous and delicious food with a very long history, Beijing Roast Duck is an excellent choice if you want to know more about Chinese cuisine, culture and customs. The two most famous restaurants that serve Beijing Roast Duck are Bianyifang Roast Duck Restaurant and Quanjude Roas

40、t Duck Restaurant. . Both have a history of over one hundred years. The way to really enjoy the Roast Duck is as follows: first take one piece of the small, thin pancakes provided, spread it with sweet bean sauce, add small slices of spring onions and then some pieces of duck. Finally roll up the pa

41、ncake and take a bite. You will be surprised by the terrific taste!請將下面這段話翻譯成英文： 那些保持適應(yīng)性情緒控制狀態(tài)的人，把逆境看作是暫時性的，相信困難應(yīng)該會過去的。在一項危機中，他們很好地調(diào)整自己，堅信控制來源于激勵的行動而非控制反應(yīng)。他們不會受到緊張或痛苦情緒的驚嚇;他們采取有效的應(yīng)對策略，例如取得親朋的支持和自我的述說。研究表明那些擁有高情商的人處理創(chuàng)傷性(traumatic)事件時很少會有負面心理問題。 Those who maintain an adaptive state of emotional contro

42、l regard adversity as temporary and have the belief that “This shall pass.” In a crisis, they well adjust themselves and firmly believe that the control comes from inspired action rather than controlling reaction. They are not terrified by intense or painful emotions; they employ effective coping st

43、rategies, such as obtaining support from relatives and friends, and self-talk. The study indicates that individuals with a high emotional intelligence handle traumatic events with rare negative psychological problems. 在中國，贈送禮物應(yīng)考慮具體情況和場合。禮物常用紅色或其他喜慶的顏色(festive color)來包裝，但白色或黑色不適宜用于此。當你將禮物遞出去時，收禮者(rec

44、ipient)可能會禮貌謝絕。在情況下試著將禮物再-次送出去。通常收禮者在客人離開之后才打開禮物。此外，送禮還有些禁忌(taboo)如給夫妻送傘就不合適，因為中文里“傘”與“散”同音。 In China, we should consider the specific situation and occasion when presenting gifts. The gifts are usually packaged in red or other festive colors. But white and black and not suitable in the packaging. W

45、hen you offer the gift, the recipient may refuse it politely. In this case, you could try to offer the present once again. Usually, the recipient wont open the gift until the guest leaves. In addition, there are some taboos in giving gifts. For example, it is inappropriate to present an umbrella as

46、a gift to a couplebecause the word “umbrella” has the same pronunciation with another word separate in Chinese. 功夫茶(Gongfu tea)不是一種茶葉或茶的名字，而是一種沖泡的手藝。人們叫它功夫茶，足因為這種泡茶方式十分講究：它的操作過程需要一定的技術(shù)，以及泡茶和品茶的知識和技能。功夫茶起源于宋朝，在廣東的潮州府(今潮汕地區(qū))一帶最為盛行，后來在全國各地流行。功夫茶以濃度(concentration)高著稱。制作功夫茶主要使用的茶葉足烏龍茶(Oolongtea),因為它能滿足功夫

47、茶色、香、味的要求。 Gongfu tea is not one kind of tea or the name of tea, but a skill of making tea. People call it Gongfu tea for the reason of its exquisite process. The operational procedures require certain techniques, knowledge and skill of brewing and tasting tea. Gongfu tea originated in the Song Dyna

48、sty and prevailed mostly in Chaozhou Guangdong Province(Now: Chaoshan Area). It later became popular around the nation. Gongfu tea is famous for its high concentration. Oolong tea is mainly used in making the Gongfu tea because it can meet the requirements of color, flavor and taste of the Gongfu te

49、a.“剩女(leftover women)”這個詞被用來指那些在二十八九歲，甚至更大年齡仍未結(jié)婚的女性。有些人認為“剩女”是需要認真對待的社會力量,而另一些人則主張這個詞應(yīng)被視為褒義詞，意思是“成功女性”。據(jù)2010年的中國婚姻調(diào)查 (Chinese National Marriage Survey)報道，90%的男人認為女人應(yīng)該在27歲之前結(jié)婚。在中國，大部分“剩女”都是受過良好教育的中產(chǎn)階級。跟以前幾代人相比，如今的女性更加自由，更能夠獨立生活?！癓eftover women”is a term that refers to women who remain unmarried in th

50、eir late twenties and beyond.Some people regard leftover women as a social force to be reckoned with”,while others have argued that the term should be taken as a positive term to mean“successful women”.In a 2010 Chinese National Marriage Survey,it was reported that 9 out of 10 men believe that women

51、 should be married before they are 27 years old.In China leftover women are mostly well-educated middle class.Women today are more free and able to live independently in comparison to previous generations.自上世紀90年代后期起，七夕節(jié)(the Double Seventh Festival )開始被稱為“中國的情人節(jié)”。這個節(jié)日可以追溯到漢朝，當時對戀人、女孩都是個特殊的日子。 這天，女孩會

52、舉行儀式，向織女(Zhinu )乞求智慧、技藝和美滿婚姻，所以七夕節(jié)還被稱為“乞巧節(jié)(the Begging for Skills Festival)”。如今，一些傳統(tǒng)習俗已經(jīng)弱化。人們現(xiàn)在把七夕節(jié)當作浪漫的情人節(jié)來慶祝，尤其是在年輕人中間。 The Double Seventh Festival has been called Chinese Valentines Day since the late 1990s. The festival can be traced back to the Han Dynasty. It was then a special day not only for lovers, but also for girls. Girls would hold a ceremony to beg Zhinu for wisdom, skills and a satisfying marriage. So it is also called “the Begging for Skills Festiv