基于模糊控制的直流電機(jī)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)

1、參考文獻(xiàn)1 韋巍. 智能控制技術(shù), 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，20072 黃衛(wèi)華. 模糊控制系統(tǒng)及應(yīng)用，電子工業(yè)出版社，19963 馮冬青. 模糊智能控制，化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社，19984 湯兵勇 路林吉 王文杰.模糊控制理論與應(yīng)用技術(shù), 清華大學(xué)出版社，20065 吳曉莉 林哲輝. MATLAB輔助模糊控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì), 西安電子科技大學(xué)出版社，20086 李華編 MCS一51系列單片機(jī)實(shí)用接口技術(shù) 北京航空航天大學(xué)出版社1993年8月7 林立 張俊亮. 電片機(jī)原理及應(yīng)用, 電子工業(yè)出版社,20138 張毅剛. 新編MCS-51單片機(jī)應(yīng)用設(shè)計(jì), 哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)出版，20039 李群芳 張士軍 黃建. 單片微型計(jì)

2、算機(jī)與接口技術(shù), 電子工業(yè)出版社,2010致 謝本論文的設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中不僅得到了老師的精心指導(dǎo)，還得到了各位專(zhuān)業(yè)老師的授業(yè)解惑與悉心教導(dǎo)，感謝各位老師的指導(dǎo)與幫助。在過(guò)去的大學(xué)四年學(xué)習(xí)中，各位老師不僅兢兢業(yè)業(yè)的教導(dǎo)我們學(xué)習(xí)，還對(duì)我們生活關(guān)懷備至，讓學(xué)生們深深感動(dòng)。在此，我要再次感謝在我學(xué)習(xí)中給予指導(dǎo)與幫助的各位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)老師，也要感謝與我共同學(xué)習(xí)，共同進(jìn)步的同學(xué)們。最后,對(duì)各位老師審閱我的論文深表感謝,并渴望給予批評(píng)指正。附錄A 外文文獻(xiàn)及其譯文Fuzzy LogicThetermfuzzywasfirstusedbyDr.LotfiZadehintheengineeringjournal,Procee

3、dingsoftheIRE,aleadingengineeringjournal,in1962.Dr.Zadehbecame,in1963,theChairmanoftheElectricalEngineeringdepartmentoftheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeley.Thatisaboutashighasyoucangointheelectricalengineeringfield.Dr.Zadehthoughtsarenottobetakenlightly.Fuzzylogicisnotthewaveofthefuture.Itisnow!There

4、arealreadyhundredsofmillionsofdollarsofsuccessful,fuzzylogicbasedcommercialproducts,everythingfromself-focusingcamerastowashingmachinesthatadjustthemselvesaccordingtohowdirtytheclothesare,automobileenginecontrols,anti-lockbrakingsystems,colorfilmdevelopingsystems,subwaycontrolsystemsandcomputerprogr

5、amstradingsuccessfullyinthefinancialmarkets.Notethatwhenyougosearchingforfuzzy-logicapplicationsintheUnitedStates,itisdifficulttoimpossibletofindacontrolsystemacknowledgedasbasedonfuzzylogic.JustimaginetheimpactonsalesifGeneralMotorsannouncedtheiranti-lockbrakingwasaccomplished with fuzzy logic! The

6、 general public is not ready for such an announcement.Objectives of the following chapters include: 1)To introduce to individuals in the fields of business, industry, science, invention and day-to-day living the power and benefits available to them through the fuzzy logic method and to help them und

7、erstand how fuzzy logic works. 2)To provide a fuzzy logic how-to-do-it guide, in terms everyone can understand, so everyone can put fuzzy logic to work doing something useful for them.Suppose you are driving down a typical, two way, 6 lane street in a large city, one mile between signal lights. The

8、speed limit is posted at 45 Mph. It is usually optimum and safest to drive with the traffic, which will usually be going about 48 Mph. How do you define with specific, precise instructions driving with the traffic? It is difficult. But, it is the kind of thing humans do every day and do well. There

9、will be some drivers weaving in and out and going more than 48 Mph and a few drivers driving exactly the posted 45 Mph. But, most drivers will be driving 48 Mph. They do this by exercising fuzzy logic - receiving a large number of fuzzy inputs, somehow evaluating all the inputs in their human brains

10、 and summarizing, weighting and averaging all these inputs to yield an optimum output decision. Inputs being evaluated may include several images and considerations such as: How many cars are in front. How fast are they driving. Any old clunkers going real slow. Do the police ever set up radar surve

11、illance on this stretch of road. How much leeway do the police allow over the 45 Mph limit. What do you see in the rear view mirror. Even with all this, and more, to think about, those who are driving with the traffic will all be going along together at the same speed.The same ability you have to dr

12、ive down a modern city street was used by our ancestors to successfully organize and carry out chases to drive wooly mammoths into pits, to obtain food, clothing and bone tools.Human beings have the ability to take in and evaluate all sorts of information from the physical world they are in contact

13、with and to mentally analyze, average and summarize all this input data into an optimum course of action. All living things do this, but humans do it more and do it better and have become the dominant species of the planet.If you think about it, much of the information you take in is not very precis

14、ely defined, such as the speed of a vehicle coming up from behind. We call this fuzzy input. However, some of your input is reasonably precise and non-fuzzy such as the speedometer reading. Your processing of all this information is not very precisely definable. We call this fuzzy processing. Fuzzy

15、logic theorists would call it using fuzzy algorithms (algorithm is another word for procedure or program, as in a computer program). Fuzzy logic is the way the human brain works, and we can mimic this in machines so they will perform somewhat like humans (not to be confused with Artificial Intellige

16、nce, where the goal is for machines to perform EXACTLY like humans). Fuzzy logic control and analysis systems may be electro-mechanical in nature, or concerned only with data, for example economic data, in all cases guided by If-Then rules stated in human language.The fuzzy logic analysis and contro

17、l method is, therefore1)Receiving of one, or a large number, of measurement or other assessment of conditions existing in some system we wish to analyze or control. 2)Processing all these inputs according to human based, fuzzy If-Then rules, which can be expressed in plain language words, in combina

18、tion with traditional non-fuzzy processing. 3)Averaging and weighting the resulting outputs from all the individual rules into one single output decision or signal which decides what to do or tells a controlled system what to do. The output signal eventually arrived at is a precise appearing defuzzi

19、fied, crisp value.Measured, non-fuzzy data is the primary input for the fuzzy logic method. Examples: temperature measured by a temperature transducer, motor speed, economic data, financial markets data, etc. It would not be usual in an electro-mechanical control system or a financial or economic an

20、alysis system, but humans with their fuzzy perceptions could also provide input. There could be a human in-the-loop. In the fuzzy logic literature, you will see the term fuzzy set.Summarizing Information - Human processing of information is not based on two-valued, off-on, either-or logic. It is bas

21、ed on fuzzy perceptions, fuzzy truths, fuzzy inferences, etc., all resulting in an averaged, summarized, normalized output, which is given by the human a precise number or decision value which he or she verbalizes, writes down or acts on. It is the goal of fuzzy logic control systems to also do this

22、.Fuzzy Variable - Words like red, blue, etc., are fuzzy and can have many shades and tints. They are just human opinions, not based on precise measurement in angstroms. These words are fuzzy variables.Speed is a fuzzy variable. Accelerator setting is a fuzzy variable. Examples of linguistic variable

23、s are: somewhat fast speed, very high speed, real slow speed, excessively high accelerator setting, accelerator setting about right, etc. A fuzzy variable becomes a linguistic variable when we modify it with descriptive words, such as somewhat fast, very high, real slow, etc. The main function of li

24、nguistic variables is to provide a means of working with the complex systems mentioned above as being too complex to handle by conventional mathematics and engineering formulas. Linguistic variables appear in control systems with feedback loop control and can be related to each other with conditiona

25、l, if-then statements. Example: If the speed is too fast, then back off on the high accelerator setting. 模糊邏輯模糊這個(gè)詞最早出現(xiàn)在扎德博士于1962年在一個(gè)工程學(xué)權(quán)威刊物上發(fā)表論文中。1963年，扎德博士成為加州大學(xué)伯克利分校電氣工程學(xué)院院長(zhǎng)。那就意味著達(dá)到了電氣工程領(lǐng)域的頂尖。扎德博士認(rèn)為模糊控制是那時(shí)的熱點(diǎn)，不是以后的熱點(diǎn)，更不應(yīng)該受到輕視。目前已經(jīng)有了成千上萬(wàn)基于模糊邏輯的產(chǎn)品，從聚焦照相機(jī)到可以根據(jù)衣服臟度自我控制洗滌方式的洗衣機(jī)等。如果你在美國(guó)，你會(huì)很容易找到基于模糊的系統(tǒng)。想

26、一想，當(dāng)通用汽車(chē)告訴大眾，她生產(chǎn)的汽車(chē)其反剎車(chē)是根據(jù)模糊邏輯而造成的時(shí)候，那會(huì)對(duì)其銷(xiāo)售造成多么大的影響。 以下的章節(jié)包括： 1)介紹處于商業(yè)等各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的人們他們?nèi)绻麖哪：壿嬔葑兌鴣?lái)的利益中得到好處，以及幫助大家理解模糊邏輯是怎么工作的。 2)提供模糊邏輯是怎么工作的一種指導(dǎo)，只有人們知道了這一點(diǎn)，才能運(yùn)用它用于做一些對(duì)自己有利的事情。假設(shè)你開(kāi)著車(chē)行駛在傳統(tǒng)的雙向道，6個(gè)車(chē)道的公路上，交通燈之間距離是1公里。車(chē)速限制在45M之內(nèi)，而最好的速度應(yīng)該在48M。你如何定義“遵守交通規(guī)則”呢？很難！但是，這卻是人類(lèi)經(jīng)常要做并且做的很好的事情。將會(huì)有一些車(chē)手的車(chē)速總是在48M前后，也有一些人的車(chē)速總是定在45M。實(shí)際上，大部分的人會(huì)將車(chē)速控制在48M，他們用的就是模糊推理。在交通中還存在著一系列此類(lèi)的案例。 你在城鎮(zhèn)中駕駛車(chē)輛的這個(gè)