【文檔資料】【精品課件】 精品課件-高考任務(wù)型閱讀解題技巧

1、Types of task-based reading任務(wù)型閱讀 綜合能力考查題通過閱讀短文，填寫表格中相應(yīng)內(nèi)容考察學(xué)生: 獲取信息能力 加工處理信息能力、 綜合概括信息能力 表達信息能力根據(jù)圖表的呈現(xiàn)形式1表格狀 Table2. 樹狀圖表Tree-shaped3蛛網(wǎng)狀圖表Spider-shaped表格狀TableIn (71) _He was born to a single mother.6 weeks oldHe (72) _ as a baby by Rex an Auleva Thomas.At the age of fiveThomas spent years on the roa

2、d as Rex traveled around (73) _.In 1944Thomas started working at (74) _ in Knoxville, Tenn.15 years oldHe (75) _ on his own.In 1954Thomas (76) _ Lorraine.In (77) _He met with Harland Sanders.In 1968He became a (78) _.In (79) _Thomas started the first Wendys Old Fashioned Hamburgers，in Columbus.In 19

3、93, graduated from Coconut Great High School in Florida. The Dave you saw on TV was the real Dave, said his friend Pat Williams. He wasnt a great actor or a great speaker. He was just Joe Everybody. And in 2001, Thomas (80) _.樹狀圖表Tree-shapedStressful teenagersThe causes of tress Ways to deal with st

4、ressLiving in a competitive worldEnough sleepPhysical exerciseTime managingPhysical exercisePhysical exercisePhysical exercise蛛網(wǎng)狀圖表Spider-shapedThe causes of tress Ways to deal with stressLiving in a competitive worldEnough sleepPhysical exerciseTime managingPhysical exercise1.先表后文，預(yù)測文意 “先表后文是指先讀表格，

5、了解表格的內(nèi)容和要求，再根據(jù)表格的要求快速閱讀短文，這樣便使閱讀帶有較強的目的性和針對性，從而有助于保證所獲取的信息的準(zhǔn)確性，同時也節(jié)省了閱讀的時間，提高了正確做題的速度。 答題步驟答題步驟2.尋找出處，對號入座 每個空格的所填內(nèi)容一般可以從給定的材料中找到出處或依據(jù)。根據(jù)試題在表格中的順序確定有效信息句在文章中的大致位置，抓住圖表各欄目中所給出的信息詞，到文中段落里畫出含有這些信息詞的相應(yīng)詞句，并標(biāo)上題號7685，為下一步答題打下根底。 認(rèn)真閱讀材料，要對所劃出詞句進行整理、分類、加工、延伸，過濾出自己所需的有用信息。注意相關(guān)信息的細(xì)節(jié)問題，注意這些細(xì)節(jié)的共性或規(guī)律，同時結(jié)合表格尤其是表格的

6、表頭的要求，過濾出自己所需的信息。 答題步驟3. 整合信息，分析歸納 原文詞；即在文章中直接找到歸納詞主要出現(xiàn)在表格的表頭、行標(biāo)題或欄標(biāo)題中轉(zhuǎn)換詞主要是詞性轉(zhuǎn)換同、反義詞主要是同義轉(zhuǎn)換或加否認(rèn)詞的反義轉(zhuǎn)換釋義詞即能解釋原文中的詞，詞組、或句子意思的詞。答題步驟4判斷用詞，準(zhǔn)確表達大小寫？表達形式在語法上是否與同橫縱欄目一致？橫縱欄目內(nèi)的表達信息是否一致？單詞有無拼寫錯誤？尤其檢查是否正確運用了名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式；動詞-ing或-ed形式；形容詞及副詞的比較等級形式等。答題步驟5. 通觀全文，復(fù)讀檢查表原因： reason (for), cause (of)；表目的： purpose, aim, g

7、oal；表種類： kind, type, category, style (風(fēng)格)；表方式、方法： means, way, method，solution, approach；表建議： advice, suggestion, recommendation, tip；表態(tài)度、觀點： attitude, idea, opinion；表用途、功能： use, usage, function；表意義，重要性，價值： significance, importance; value常見的歸納概括詞 表意義：重要性，價值： significance, importance, value表成?。?succes

8、s，failure表變化：趨勢： change, trend, tendency, 表增加： rise, increase, decrease; 表事件： incident, event； 表內(nèi)容、工程： content, item；表描述： description, appearance, look, shape, color, size, length, width, distance, height, ；常見的歸納概括詞表定義： definition；表主題： topic, theme, subject；表特點，特征： feature, characteristic, character

9、(性格)；表來源，歷史： history, source, origin；表影響，結(jié)果： effect, influence, result, consequence；表措施，行動： measure, action, activity, behavior；表益處，不利： benefit, advantage, disadvantage；表步驟： step, procedure, process；常見的歸納概括詞表便利或不便： convenience；inconvenience表缺點： shortcoming，drawback表概括，總結(jié)： summary, conclusion；表評論、評價：

10、 comment, remark, assessment；表問題： problem, question, issue；表要求、需求： demand, need, requirement；表介紹，信息： introduction， information；常見的歸納概括詞表時間，年代： date, time, ；表年齡，性別： age ，sex；表地位,階層： status ，class (political,economic,social)表職位，狀況，條件： position，situation, condition表家庭，婚姻： family，marriage； 表教育，背景 ： educ

11、ation， background 表經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)驗： experience 常見的歸納概括詞表學(xué)位，資格： degree， qualification表職業(yè)： work, job, occupation, profession；表成就，奉獻： achievement， contribution表關(guān)系： relation, relationship；表信仰： belief；表情緒 感覺： feeling, emotion, motivation(動機)；表反響： response, reaction常見的歸納概括詞表人口： population；表天氣，氣候： weather, climate；表

12、方位： location, position；表資源： resource；表物質(zhì)，材料： substance, material；表經(jīng)濟，產(chǎn)業(yè), 農(nóng)業(yè)： economy， industry，agriculture； 表科技： science， technology表交通、運輸： traffic, transportation；常見的歸納概括詞 表比例，百分比： rate , percentage；表質(zhì)量，數(shù)量： quality, quantity, amount,number；表異、同： difference, similarity; 表設(shè)備： equipment(不可數(shù)), facility

13、(可數(shù))；表現(xiàn)象，跡象，病癥： phenomenon，sign, symptom；表災(zāi)難，事故： disaster, accident, threat；表預(yù)防： prevention, precaution；表治療： treatment, cure；表程度： degree；常見的歸納概括詞 1標(biāo)題歸納題 1.根據(jù)“文章主旨句大多出現(xiàn)在三個位置：文章首段，一段末或二段首，文章末段的特點，可有意識地從上述三個位置找到文章主題句，再加以準(zhǔn)確概括，確定語篇標(biāo)題。 2.文中出現(xiàn)的高頻率詞或詞組，往往就是標(biāo)題。判定歸納概括詞的方法 Much of our good health depends on th

14、e cooperation between substances. When they work together, chemical reactions take place smoothly. Body systems are kept in balance. Some of the most important helpers in the job of good health are the substances we call vitamins. Vitamin A is needed to produce a light-sensitive substance in the eye

15、s. Vitamin B-one is also called thiamine.硫胺(維生素B1) It changes starchy(淀粉)foods into energy. Vitamin B-twelve is needed so folic (葉酸)acid can do its work. Vitamin C is necessary for strong bones and teeth, and for healthy blood vessels(.管)判定歸納概括詞的方法Example 1 Title _76_ Vitamins 2段落歸納題 段落歸納概括題常位于表格的左欄

16、，能最大限度覆蓋相應(yīng)行、列或單元格的全部信息，常為名詞、名詞詞組或動(名)詞詞組。判定歸納概括詞的方法判定歸納概括詞的方法Example 276_ 77_ Sources78_ caused by lack of itVitamin AHelping prevent poor sight at nightFish liver oil, yellow part of eggs, darkly colored fruits and vegetablesInability to seeat nightVitamin B-1Helping the79_ systemGrains, beans ,nut

17、s, meat and fish good for the 81_work of the heart and nervous system 80_and slow growthVitamin B-12Helping get red blood cells 82_83_ foods like eggs, meat, fish and milk products anemiaVitamin C A 84_for strong bones and teeth and healthy blood vesselsCitrus fruits, tomatoes and uncooked vegetable

18、sNot 85_ Functions KindsProblems 2段落歸納題判定歸納概括詞的方法注意: 有時所填寫的概括詞不能照抄主題句中的關(guān)鍵詞，而需根據(jù)表達的需要改變關(guān)鍵詞的詞形或詞性，甚至是另換一詞。 Volunteering does much good to a volunteer. For example, volunteering offers you chance to develop ability, skill and personal strengths. As part of a volunteer group, you get firsthand exposure

19、to use and learn communication and teamwork dynamics. _ ofvolunteering Offer you chance to develop ability, skill and personal strengths. Make you use and learn communication and teamwork dynamics判定歸納概括詞的方法Example 2Advantages(Benefits)3.根據(jù)文中信息詞判定概括詞根據(jù)how判斷用ways, tips, methods，solutions, etc.；根據(jù)why,

20、because, result in, lead to, be caused by等判斷用reasons, causes；根據(jù)in short, all in all判斷用summary；根據(jù)refer to, be, be called判斷用definition；根據(jù)therefore, thus, so, as a result判斷用result, conclusion；根據(jù)find, discover判斷用findings。判定歸納概括詞的方法1轉(zhuǎn)換詞性 需要填寫的詞不能照抄。即能從文中找到信息句，并轉(zhuǎn)換原詞的詞性后再填入空格。 例如： 動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞， 名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為動詞或形容詞， 名詞或

21、形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換為動詞等。判定轉(zhuǎn)換詞的方法Example Vitamin B-twelve is needed so folic (葉酸)acid can do its work. Together, they help produce red blood cells. Without them, a person suffers from anemia(貧血). Vitamin B-twelve is found naturally in foods such as eggs, meat, fish and milk products. Vitamin C is necessary for str

22、ong bones and teeth, and for healthy blood vessels(.管) It also helps wounds heal quickly. The body stores very little vitamin C. So we must get it every day in foods such as citrus(柑橘類的)fruits, tomatoes and uncooked cabbage.判定轉(zhuǎn)換詞的方法Vitamin B-12Helping get red blood cells 82_83_ foods like eggs, meat

23、, fish and milk productsanemiaVitamin CA 84_ for strong bones and teeth and healthy blood vesselsCitrus fruits, tomatoes and uncooked vegetablesNot mentioned producednaturalnecessity判定轉(zhuǎn)換詞的方法2名詞所有格 “s和 of所有格及其他表達式之間的轉(zhuǎn)換 1).Their fathers word is the law . They have to listen to their _.father 2)The opi

24、nions of most scientists are quite different from those of the parents . Most _ opinions are quite different from those of the parents . scientists在考慮轉(zhuǎn)換詞時，可以把作后置定語的名詞、形容詞、分詞作前置定語等。3后置定語、補語等轉(zhuǎn)化為前置定語判定轉(zhuǎn)換詞的方法2.They are trying to make living conditions better.1.One likely development will be a gradual ch

25、ange in the family unit.They are trying to make _ living conditions.betterA gradual family unit_will be one likely development .change3.Some oils remaining in the crushed seeds can be got by putting more heavy rocks on them. Some_ oil in the seeds can be got by putting more heavy rocks on them.remai

26、ning4.將定語從句改為非謂語動詞形式作后置定語判定轉(zhuǎn)換詞的方法1.The reporter is both the primary and the secondary source.But the photographer who works with him/her is still a pramary source.The reporter is both the primary and the secondary source.But the photographer _with him/her is still a pramary source.working2.69% of th

27、e people who are involved in the survey are strongly in favor of the holiday proposal. 69% of the people_ in the survey are strongly in favor of the holiday proposal. involved Visit your doctor at regular times to find about the progress of your allergies instead of having strict diets every day.判定轉(zhuǎn)

28、換詞的方法5.修飾名詞的形容詞與修飾動詞的副詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換 See doctors_ to find about the progress of your allergies instead of having diets_- every day.allergy英音：ldi 】過敏癥regularly strictly6.句子成分和句子意義的轉(zhuǎn)換判定轉(zhuǎn)換詞的方法分析句子成分，注意主被動句子中主語和賓語的轉(zhuǎn)換以及句子意思的轉(zhuǎn)化，1).You are requested to be present at the club meeting on Friday.Your _ is requested a

29、t the club meeting on Friday. presence 2). The suggestion is that you should keep all these rules in mind._ all these rules in mind is suggested.keeping7.句子結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換判定轉(zhuǎn)換詞的方法 1Without a sound body, one cannot achieve anything。Nothing can be achieved _one doesnt have a sound boody.if分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，注意簡單句，并列句和復(fù)合句之間

30、的轉(zhuǎn)換，確定正確的關(guān)聯(lián)詞。 2)There are signs telling you not to smoke, but people ignore them. _there are signs telling you not to smoke,yet people ignore them.Although判定同義詞，反義詞的方法1. It is often cheaper to buy goods through the Internet. The goods on the Internet are not so_.expensive掌握常用同義詞和反義詞，必備的構(gòu)詞法知識和習(xí)慣搭配，還有

31、注意加否認(rèn)詞的反義轉(zhuǎn)換。2.This phenomenon has led to a big problem which couldnt be solved in a short period. This phenomenon has _ in a big problem which couldnt be solved in a short period.resulted3.It is impossible for you to finish the task without the teachers guidance.There is no _ that you can finish the

32、 task without the teachers guidance.possibility 1.He finally managed to find an apartment near his office.判定釋義詞的方法從文中找到信息句,結(jié)合表中空格前后的表達方式，用一個恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~解釋原文信息句中的詞，詞組或句子。 He finally_ in finding an apartment near his office.succeeded2.The changes have something to do with events that took place over ten years

33、 ago.The changes _to events that took place over ten years ago.relate3.Tell us what you are called,where you live and what you do.State your _,_._nameaddressoccupation總 結(jié)1簡潔性原那么： 根據(jù)試題的要求，填入一個最恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~，因此必須對所獲取的信息進行濃縮、改寫，用最恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~簡潔地表達重要信息。一方面要學(xué)會抓關(guān)鍵詞，另一方面要學(xué)會用不同的表達方式，如詞性轉(zhuǎn)換、句子結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換和不同的詞表達同一個概念。答題原則2.語法形式一致性原那

34、么： 可以參照前后左右所給出的其他信息的表達形式從而確定需要表達的形式。但要注意橫縱欄目內(nèi)的表達形式在語法上要一致，挖掘出其表達形式的共性，例如，要么都是形容詞短語，要么都是名詞短語，要么都是動詞的ing或-ed形式等。答題原則3概括針對性原那么： 解題時要注意以下幾點： 1概括性。要研究本行、列的全部內(nèi)容，選詞要最大限度覆蓋本行、列的全部信息的主要內(nèi)容。 2針對性。所填的詞不能太大或太小。 3醒目性。所填的詞應(yīng)具有吸引力。答題原則4.忠于原文原那么： 答案不唯一，但要忠于原文，即如果能夠在原文中找到相關(guān)信息表達要點，那么就不宜采用其他同義或近義詞來表達該信息詞。答題原則5.正確性原那么 正確

35、表達是任務(wù)型閱讀的根本要求。在閱讀材料中找出相關(guān)信息后，必須仔細(xì)研究，做出正確的表達。要防止時態(tài)、語態(tài)、人稱、單復(fù)數(shù)形式的錯誤，更不能出現(xiàn)拼寫、大小寫等低級錯誤。 答題原則Practice使用原詞New research says 35 percent of child deaths worldwide are caused by hunger. The research comes from poor to middle-income countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Title: a new researchTheme _ is ch

36、ildrens biggest killer. Hunger 變形轉(zhuǎn)換：詞匯變形1 There are some very good things about open education. This way of teaching allows the students to develop their own interests in many subjects. Open education allows students to be responsible for their own education. Open education is a way of teaching whic

37、h allows students to learn what they are _ in . interested變形轉(zhuǎn)換：詞匯變形2 The Occupation Handbook is a good resource. Regularly updated, the Handbook is available as a book and on-line. Not only is information provided about the United States as a whole, but readers can easily search for information abou

38、t their particular state. . Title: Occupation handbookThe information is updated in a _ manner.regular變形轉(zhuǎn)換：詞匯變形3 As they fish, cheer for every fish they catch. Make a really big deal out of it. Take pictures. And if its possible, take some home to clean. Let the child help you clean with a table kni

39、fe, so he cant get hurt. Title: teach a kid to fishTake some home and let the child help to clean with a table knife to avoid _ hurt. getting變形轉(zhuǎn)換：詞匯變形4 Many people need guidance in choosing a career (職業(yè)). Fortunately, there is much information on the Web about job opportunities. With all the informa

40、tion available, its not surprising that people can feel confused. So if youre ready to start your first job or change careers, where do you begin? Title:finding information on the web for the information There is a lot of job information on-line, but too much of it may sometimes be _. confusing變形狀換：

41、句意轉(zhuǎn)換1 Open education allows the students to develop their own interests in many subjects. Open education allows students to be responsible for their own education. Some students do badly in traditional classrooms. The open classroom may allow them to enjoy learning. Some students will be happier in

42、an open education school. They will not have to worry about grades or rules. Open education enables students to realize they are learning for _, not for others. In open classrooms, many students dont need to be _of grades or rules.afraidthemselves變形轉(zhuǎn)換：句意轉(zhuǎn)換2 In conclusion, modern people appear to be

43、more self-centered than those in the past due to strong outside pressure. However, we should encourage people to know the importance of being caring and generous and build a mutually beneficial relationship with others. Fierce competition and great pressure on modern people may _ to the changes.lead

44、/ contribute常用高頻詞匯概括總結(jié)特點：概括性 針對性 邏輯性 常用高頻詞匯總結(jié)1_The programme is intended to prevent accidental injuries adeaths. Because six out of every 10 accidental deaths happen to Chinese children who are playing, Shanghai Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical (SJJP), a US-based pharmaceutical giant, is working on

45、a Safe Kids Program to prevent injuries and deaths. Title: Safe kids programPurpose/Intention常用高頻詞匯概括1意圖與目的： purpose(s) intention aim(s) goal(s) target(s) 常用高頻詞匯總結(jié)2_Gases from burnig coal, oil, and wood with industrial pollution. Most scientists are now certain that global warming is taking place. G

46、ases such as carbon dioxide produced by burning of coal, oil, wood, together with industrial pollution, are creating a warm blanket around the earth. This blanket is trapping heat in the atmosphere and so raising the temperature of the earth. Title: Global warming Cause常用高頻詞匯概括2因果、結(jié)論： 原因： cause(s) / reason(s) 結(jié)果/結(jié)論： result(s) / consequence(s) conclusion(s) /effect(s) 常用高頻詞匯總結(jié)3Cathy Moultons _ For five days a week, people with diabetes should do at least 30 minutes physical activity. Cathy Moulton from Diabetes UK suggests that people with diabetes do a minimum of 30 minutes of appropriate