成考英語動詞專題市公開課金獎市賽課一等獎?wù)n件

1、動詞使用方法第1頁英語語法詞性詳解二動詞二、動詞分類(1)(3)(2)一、動詞定義三、動詞時態(tài)四、非謂語動詞五、被動語態(tài)1.普通現(xiàn)在時2.普通過去時3.普通未來時4.現(xiàn)在進行時5.過去進行時6.現(xiàn)在完成時7.過去完成時8.過去未來時六、動詞基本形式第2頁一。動詞定義動詞是用來表示主語做什么，是什么，或怎么樣詞。eg: The boy runs fast. The boy is a student .第3頁系動詞助動詞情態(tài)動詞行為動詞實義動詞后面要接形容詞用于疑問句和否定句中后面接動詞原形時態(tài)和被動語態(tài)二、按詞義和句中作用，動詞能夠分為四類第4頁類別特點意義舉例實義動詞 (vt. vi.)及物動

2、詞跟賓語須跟賓語一起才能表示完整意思I have a book.不及物動詞不能直接接賓語能獨立作謂語She always comes late.系動詞(link-v)跟表語不能獨立做謂語，跟表語組成完整意思I am a student.助動詞(aux. v.)跟動詞原形或分詞（無詞匯意義）不能獨立做謂語，跟主要動詞組成謂語，表示疑問，否定及各種時態(tài)He doesnt speak Chinese.I am watching TV.情態(tài)動詞 (mod. v.) 跟動詞原形（有自己詞匯意思）不能獨立做謂語。表示說話人語氣、情態(tài)，無人稱和數(shù)改變We can do it by ourselves.Tha

3、t would be better.返回動 詞第5頁系動詞助動詞情態(tài)動詞一好像、二保持、三改變、五感官后面接形容詞作表語be; have/has done; 情態(tài)動詞; do/does/did 助動詞用于疑問句和否定句中有哪些；弄明白各個情態(tài)動詞意思；Must提問否定回答neednt/dont have to; 表猜測情態(tài)動詞第6頁連系動詞：一好像，二保持，三改變，五感官seem; keep/remain; turn/become/get; taste/ smell/ look/ feel/ sound1. The medicine _ very bitter.feels B. tastes

4、C. looks D. sounds2. The cotton feels _ and it sells _.well; good B. soft; well C. softly; well D. comfortably; good3. We must keep the door _ when we leave the classroom.A. close B. open C. closed D. opened4. Your idea _ fantastic.is sounded B. is sounding C. sound D. sounds5. I think the cabbage t

5、astes _.good B. well C. nicely D. badly第7頁1. 系動詞沒有被動語態(tài)，普通用現(xiàn)在時或過去時系動詞考點 2. 系動詞后面普通接形容詞作表語。 3. 系動詞含義要切記，能與行為動詞區(qū)分。run; keep; smell; sell; make; do; listen; look at;hear; sound; eat; taste; touch; think; feel ; remainlook; become; 第8頁1. She looks _. A. happy B. to be happy C. happily D. that she is happ

6、y2. The children all looked _ at the broken model plane and felt quite _. A. sad, sad B. sadly, sadly C. sad, sadly D. sadly, sad3. This math problem is _ and I can do it _. A. easy, easily B. easily, easily C. easy, easy D. easily, easy4. 這蛋糕聞起來很香。5. 她答案似乎正確。6. 那聽起來是個好主意。 The cake smells very delic

7、ious.Her answer seems right.That sounds a good idea.第9頁助動詞用途Do you know Toms address? Are you from Australia?Have you cancelled the meeting? What can you do? They will go to the concert, wont you? She doesnt accept your help, does she? They dont go to see the dentist. I cant work out this problem. M

8、ary would not tell him the news. My parents are not good at drawing.1、在疑問句中，把助動詞放置主語前2、在否定中，否定詞not要放置助動詞后第10頁助動詞都有哪些詞能夠充當？be (is; am; are; was; were)情態(tài)動詞（can; could; will; would; must; may; shall）現(xiàn)在完成 have/has+ done中have和has假如需要助動詞，不過句中沒有以上詞，怎么辦？The man usually takes a shower after watching TV. My m

9、other completed the project last year. They take an active part in school activities.變疑問句或否定句咋辦？可借助動詞：do ; does; did第11頁They often go to the beach on the weekends. My classmates can learn English by themselves. The crayon is my cousins. The conference has lasted for two hours. The workers have compl

10、eted the work. The cake will taste better with some butter. Pandas like eating bamboo. We must obey the rules at school. They have never been to Shanghai, _ they. Mary finished her homework last night, _ she?第12頁情態(tài)動詞考點must 必須; can/could會、能夠；may/might可能shall/should應(yīng)該；will/would 將會 ； need需要有哪些？第13頁考什么

11、？You _ return the book now. You can keep it next week if you like. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not2. Johnny, you _play with the knife, you _hurt yourself. A. wont.cant B. mustnt.may C. shouldnt, must D. cant.shouldnt3. Man _die without water. A. will B. can C. need D. shall4. -Must I finish t

12、his novel this morning ?-No, you_. A. mustnt B. might not C. dont have to D. cant5. -May I stop my car here?-No, you_. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. dont have to能夠區(qū)分各情態(tài)動詞意思第14頁考什么？5. -Must we clean the house now? -No, you _. A. neednt B. may not C. mustnt D. cant6. She _not come this afternoon. I a

13、m not sure. A. might B. can C. must D. shall7. I saw Mary in the library yesterday.-It _ be her. She is still abroad.A. mustnt B. cant C. may not D. wont 8. The book _ be Toms, because his name is on it. A. can B. must C. could D. will9. Can you guess whose book it _ be? A. must B. should C. can D.

14、need一些情態(tài)動詞提問回答表猜測情態(tài)動詞要弄明白第15頁二、短語動詞組成方式舉例動詞+介詞Look at, look after動詞+副詞Give up, put into動詞+副詞+介詞Catch up with, look down upon動詞+名詞+介詞Take care of, pay attention to Be+形容詞+介詞Be proud of, be afraid of 復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)Make up ones mind：由一些動詞和其它詞組成短語，表示一個完整意思。其組成方式以下返回第16頁三、按動詞形式能夠分為謂語動詞和非謂語動詞形 式意 義舉 例人稱與主語在人稱一致I am

15、 reading now. 第一人稱數(shù)與主語在數(shù)上一致He writes well. 第三人稱單數(shù)時態(tài)表示動作發(fā)生時間He wrote a letter to me last month. 過去時態(tài)語態(tài)主語是動作發(fā)生者或者承受者We study English.主動The road was filled with rubbish. 被動語氣說話人表示事實、要求、愿望等He has flown to America. 事實I wish I could fly to the moon some day. 愿望1、謂語動詞(以下)2、非謂語動詞返回第17頁2、非謂語動詞形式意義用途舉例不定式起形容詞

16、和名詞作用可作主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語It takes me 20 minutes to go to school動名詞起名詞作用作主語和賓語She likes reading.分詞現(xiàn)在分詞起形容詞、副詞作用，表主動作表語、定語、狀語、賓語補足語The cup is broken過去分詞起形容詞、副詞作用，表被動The steam is seen rising from the wet clothes.第18頁動詞時態(tài)第19頁1.普通現(xiàn)在時（1）表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習慣性動作或狀態(tài)（2）表示主語現(xiàn)在性格、特征、能力（3）表示客觀事實或普遍使用方法（4）用于狀語從句代替普通未來時eg.Weofte

17、nwritetoeachother. 我們時常相互通信。 常與always，usually，often，sometimes，everyday，onceaweek，yearly每年，monthly每個月， 等時間狀語或頻率副詞連用。 eg.He works hard.他努力工作eg.The sun rises in the east. Light goes faster than soundeg.You will succeed if you try .I will tell him about it as soon as I see him next Monday. 常與連詞：when , a

18、s soon as , before , after , until , if 假如，等引導(dǎo)時間狀語或條件狀語從句練習返回第20頁2.普通過去時(1).表示過去某一時間點發(fā)生動作或所處狀態(tài). e.g. He arrived in Hangzhou an hour ago. Where were you just now?(2).表示過去某一時間里重復(fù)出現(xiàn)動作或狀態(tài). e.g. Their children often went hungry in the old days. During his middle school years, he played football nearly ev

19、ery day.(3).表示主語過去特征或性格等. e.g. At that time she spoke very good English. (4).普通過去時往往和明確過去時間狀語連用.如:yesterday, last night, two days (months, weeks) ago, in 1996, at that time 等,也常和when, if等引導(dǎo)狀語從句連用. e.g. Did you play volleyball yesterday afternoon? My father, when he was a child, worked 15 hours for t

20、he landlord a day.(5).普通過去時可與today, this week, this month等時間狀語連用. e.g. I saw him today. He came late three times this week.練習返回第21頁普通過去時練習1. I saw him this morning.（改為否定句、疑問句并做回答）2. He came late three times this week.（同上）3. Jim came late three times this week.(分別對a,b,c,d提問) a b c d4. AI_(be) 12 last

21、 year. B_(be)the doctor in the hospital last night? No, he_(be not). C. What _he_(do) yesterday? He_(draw)some pictures in the park.5.A. _ _a sweater on the desk just now.B. There are some children in the aquarium now. (用 yesterday替換 now) _ _some children in the aquarium yesterday.C. There were some

22、 buildings here in the past. (改為普通疑問句) _ _ _ buildings here in the past?返回第22頁3.普通未來時a.will / shall +動詞原形(備：在口語中，shall和will?？s寫成ll，緊接在主語之后。其否定式shall not和will not簡略式分別為shant和wont)(1)組成b. be going to + 動詞原形c. be + 動詞-ing形式（動詞-ing形式通常是表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移動詞，如arrive, come, go, leave, move, start, stay, get等）d.be + 動詞不

23、定式 （例：You are to be back before 10:00 p.m. 你必須在早晨10點前回來。表示按計劃或正式安排將發(fā)生事 ）(2)使用方法表示將要發(fā)生動作或存在狀態(tài)。表示將要重復(fù)發(fā)生動作 (3)慣用結(jié)構(gòu)用于祈使句 + and + 陳術(shù)句中。Eg.Work hard and you will succeed. 與表示時間或條件狀語從句連用。If you ask him, he will help you. 用于I expect, Im sure, I think, I wonder + 賓語從句中。 I dont think the test will be very dif

24、ficult.返回練習第23頁4.現(xiàn)在進行時(1)意義：a.表示說話此刻正在進行動作。 常與now,the moment等連用。(2)組成：主語+be+現(xiàn)在分詞(v.+ing)練習返回例:Listen! Mary is singing an English song in the classroom. b.表示現(xiàn)在時間段中正在進行動作。 例:They are planting trees on the hill these days.c.表示一個重復(fù)動作，帶有“厭惡”、“贊嘆”等感情色彩。 例:My brother is always leaving things about. 注:現(xiàn)在進行時

25、往往與always連用，給現(xiàn)在動作披上一層感情色彩。第24頁現(xiàn)在進行時練習1. What are you _(do) now? I _(eat) bread.2.Its nine oclock. My father_(work) in the office. 3. Look, the boy_(put) the rubbish into the bin.4._he_(clean) the classroom? No, he isnt. He_(play).5.Where is Mak? He_(run) on the grass. 6. Listen, who_(sing) in the mu

26、sic room? Oh, Mary_(sing) there.7.The birds are singing in the tree.(就劃線部分提問).8.The children are playing games near the house.(就劃線部分提問)9.The Young Pioneers are helping the old woman.(改成普通疑問句) 返回第25頁5.過去進行時(1)意義：（2）組成：主語+was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞1表示過去某一時刻正在進行動作。如：What were you doing when I phoned you last night?

27、 2表示過去某段時間正在進行動作。 如：They were building a dam last winter. 去年冬天他們在建一個大壩。 3用于come, go, leave, start, arrive等表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移動詞，以表示過去將要發(fā)生動作。如： They wanted to know when we were leaving for Shanghai. 返回練習第26頁6.現(xiàn)在完成時（1）意義：現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成動作對現(xiàn)在造成影響或結(jié)果,也可表示過去已經(jīng)開始,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在動作或狀態(tài)。（2）結(jié)構(gòu)：助動詞have/has + 動詞過去分詞（3）四大標志詞： * 以al

28、ready, just和yet為標志：表示到現(xiàn)在為止動作或狀態(tài)已經(jīng)、剛才或還沒有發(fā)生 * 以ever和never為標志：表示到現(xiàn)在為止動作或狀態(tài)曾經(jīng)或從來沒有發(fā)生過 * 以動作發(fā)生次數(shù)為標志：He says he has been to the USA three times. * 以so far為標志：表示到當前為止動作或狀態(tài)已經(jīng)發(fā)生（4）注：a.*“終止”、“延續(xù)”要轉(zhuǎn)換常見有:come-be, go out -be out, leave-be away (from), begin-be on, buy-have, borrow-keep , join-be a member / 介詞短語

29、, die-be dead, become-be, open(v.)-be open(adj.) 等。 b. * 時間“點”、“段”須分清 for+時間段 since+過去某一時刻返回練習第27頁現(xiàn)在完成時練習A)選取have, has填空:1.I _ told him the news.2.She _ come back from school.3.You _ won the game.B)按要求改寫以下各句:4.They have bought a computer.(改成否定句)5.He has lost his book.(先改成普通疑問句,再作必定是否定回答)C) 單項選擇6. -W

30、here have you _, Kate?-Ive _ to the bank.A. gone, goneB. been, beenC. gone, beenD. been, gone7. Her grandfather _ for two years. A. diedB. has diedC. has been deadD. has been died8. Its six weeks _ I met you last.A. whenB. sinceC. beforeD. for9. Tom and Jack _ West Hill Farm already.A. have gotB. ha

31、ve gone toC. have been toD. have reached返回第28頁7.過去完成時(1)概念:過去完成時表示在過去某一時刻或某一動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生動作或情況，即：過去過去。如: When we got there, the football match had already started. 當我們趕到時，足球比賽已經(jīng)開始了。(2)組成:必定句：主語+had+過去分詞+其它 否定句：主語+had not+過去分詞+其它 疑問句：Had+主語+過去分詞+其它(3)使用方法: A.表示在過去某一時間之前已完成動作，表示對這一過去時間造成結(jié)果或影響。慣用以下幾個方式： (1)

32、 用by，before等組成介詞短語。 eg:Linda had learnt 10 English songs by the end of last month. (2) 用when, before, after等引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。 eg:The train had started before we got to the station. B. 過去完成時還能夠表示過去某一時間以前發(fā)生開始動作連續(xù)到這一過去時間。常與for, since引導(dǎo)表示一段時間短語或從句連用。 eg:I had worked in a hospital for three years before I came h

33、ere.返回練習第29頁8.過去未來時（1）意義：表示以過去某時來看將要發(fā)生動作或存在狀態(tài),慣用在賓語從句中.（2）組成：主語+would/should+動詞原形 主語+was/were+going to +動詞原形 例:I didnt know if she would come. I wasnt sure whether he would do it . I didnt know if she was going to come. Wang Lei said that she was going to visit her uncle next Sunday.返回練習第30頁1. We of

34、ten_(play) in the playgound.2. He _(get) up at six oclock.3. _you _(brush) your teeth every morning.4. What(do) he usually (do) after school?5. Danny (study) English,Chinese,Maths,Science and Art at school.6. Mike sometimes _(go) to the park with his sister.7. At eight at night, she _(watch) TV with

35、 his parents.8. _ Mike_(read) English every day?9. How many lessons_your classmate_(have) on Monday?10. What time_his mother_(do) the housework?返回普通現(xiàn)在時練習（1）下一頁第31頁普通現(xiàn)在時練習（2）9. My dog runs fast. （改為否定句、普通疑問句） 10. Mike has two letters for him. （改為否定句、普通疑問句） 11. I usually play football on Friday aftern

36、oon.（改為否定句、普通疑問句并對劃線部分提問）12. Su Yang usually washes some clothes on Saturday.（同上）13. Mingming usually waters the flowers every day （同上）14. Tom does his homework at home. （同上）返回上一頁第32頁英語動詞五種基本形式及改變規(guī)則1 英語動詞有五種基本形式。它們是動詞原形、第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在時（簡稱單三）、過去式、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。這五種形式和助動詞一起組成英語各種時態(tài)和語態(tài)等。原形第三人稱單數(shù)過去式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞workwor

37、ksworkedworkedworkingwritewriteswrotewrittenwritinghavehashadhadhavingdodoesdiddonedoing例：1、單三形式改變規(guī)則（1）普通動詞在詞尾加- s, 在清輔音后讀 /s / ,在濁輔音或元音后讀 / z / ;在t后讀/ ts /, 在d后讀 / dz /。比如：help helps ，swim swims （2）以字母s, x, ch , sh 結(jié)尾動詞加- es, 讀/ iz/ , 在d后讀/ dz/.以o結(jié)尾動詞也加es，讀/ z /。比如：guess guesses，teach teaches，go go

38、es（3）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾動詞，先變y為i，再加-es，讀/ z /。比如：fly flies carry carries 注： be is have has 下一頁返回第33頁2. 動詞- ing形式組成：（1） 普通在動詞末尾加-ing. 比如:go going，ask asking（2）以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾動詞,先去掉e,再加-ing. 比如:write writing，close closing，take taking（3）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾動詞，假如末尾只有一個輔音字母，應(yīng)先雙寫這一字母，再加-ing. 比如：get getting，sit sitting，put putting，ru

39、n running，begin beginning 3. 規(guī)則動詞過去式組成（1）普通在動詞原形末尾加-ed.結(jié)尾是e 動詞直接加-d.比如:look looked，play played，live lived，hope hoped（2）末尾只有一個輔音字母重讀閉音節(jié)詞，先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加-ed. 比如：stop stopped，plan planned，trip tripped （3）結(jié)尾是“輔音字母+y”動詞，先變“y”為“i”再加-ed. 比如:study studied，carry carried 下一頁返回上一頁2第34頁（4）詞尾-ed讀音i. 在濁輔音和元音后面讀為/ d

40、/ .比如:called，moved ii 在濁輔音后面讀為/ t / . 比如：finished ,helped iii 在/ t / , / d /音后面讀為/ id / . 比如：wanted ,shouted(5)不規(guī)則動詞過去式 常見不規(guī)則動詞過去式有:am/is was,are were,go went,have had,do did,get got,come came,say said,see sawput put,eat ate,take took等 詳見書本后附錄并熟記！補： There be 結(jié)構(gòu)“There is /are +某物 / 某人 +某地 / 某時”這么一個句型

41、.句子中is /are 和后面所跟名詞在數(shù)方面必須一致。（1）必定句There is (Theres) a train in the picture.（2）否定句There is not (isnt) a picture on the wall .There are not (arent) any birds in the tree .（3）疑問句和簡略答語Is there a girl under the tree? Yes ,there is . /No ,there is not(isnt). Are there any glasses on the table ? Yes, there

42、 are. / No, there are not （arent）How many days are there in a week?There are seven.返回上一頁3第35頁過去時練習(1)1. -Where is Jim?-He _ to the shop. Hell be back in an hour. A. goes B. go C. has gone D. will go2. I dont think I _ you in that dress before. A. have seen B. was seeing C. saw D. see3. Im sorry youv

43、e missed the train. It _10 minutes ago. A. left B. has left C. had left D. has been left4. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball?- _ you _ your homework yet?A. Do; finish B. Are; finishing C. Did; finish D. Have; finished5. -I dont know if his uncle_.-I think he_if it doesnt rain.A. will come; come

44、s B. will come; will comeC. comes; will come D. comes; comes6. -Excuse me, look at the sign: NO PHOTOS!-Sorry, I_it.A. dont see B. didnt see C. havent seen D. wont see下一頁第36頁7. I think you were in a hurry. You_your sweater inside out.A. had worn B. Wore C. were wearing D. are wearing8. The traffic i

45、n our city is already bad and it_even worse.A. gets B. got C. has got D. is getting9. -Has Jack finished his homework yet?-I have no idea. He_ it this morning.A. was doing B. had been doing C. has done D. did10. -Sorry, I forget to post the letter for you. -Never mind, _ it myself tonight. A. Im goi

46、ng to post B. Ive decided to post C. Ill post D. Id rather postKey: 1-5 CAADB6-10 BDDAC 過去時練習(2)下一頁第37頁Practice(1) 1. His father _ ( took , was taking ) a walk in the street when I met him . 2. The glass _ (dropped , was dropping ) to the ground and broke into pieces . 3. Jack told me he _ ( came ,

47、would come ) back next month. 4. Kate _ (cleaned , was cleaning ) the windows the day before yesterday . 5. I knew she _ ( was going , had been ) to Shanghai twice . 6. Who _ ( sang , was singing ) at ten last night ? 7. I _ (talked , was talking ) with Mrs. Green at this time yesterday . 8. The two

48、 students _ ( fought , was fighting ) when the teacher walked into the room . 下一頁第38頁Practice(2)用動詞適當形式完成句子。 1. I _ (get )two postcards from her last week . 2. They _ not _ ( stay ) there long because it was late . 3. Who _ (live ) in that room last week ? 4. Yesterday I _ ( see ) him in the street

49、. 5. _ ( be ) he a driver three years ago ? 6. He said he _ ( go ) to New York next month . 7. I _ ( do )my homework when my mother came back . 8. The students _ ( be )not in the classroom at that time . 9. _ he _ ( play )basketball with his son yesterday afternoon? 10. I _ ( wash ) my sport shoes j

50、ust then . 下一頁第39頁 依據(jù)漢字意思，用以下英文提醒詞語造句。 1. 該是學習數(shù)學時間了。 study maths 2. 這棵樹和那棵樹一樣高。 this tree , is , tall , that one 3. 靠我一個人來移動這么床對我來說是很困難。 difficult , me , move , bed 4. 這張床如此重以至于我移不動它。 the bed , is , heavy , I cant move , it 5. 昨天洗運動鞋花了我半小時時間。 me , half an hour , wash , my sport shoes , yesterday 1.

51、Its time to study maths. 2. This tree is as tall as that one . 3. It is difficult for me to move the bed by myself. 4. The bed is so heavy that I cant move it . 5. It took me half an hour to wash my sport shoes yesterday . Practice(3)返回第40頁普通未來時練習(1)( ) 1. There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A. wi

52、ll be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be( ) 2. Charlie _ here next month. A. isnt working B. doesnt working C. isnt going to working D. wont work( ) 3. He _ very busy this week, he _ free next week. A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be( ) 4. There

53、_ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening. A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be( ) 5. _ you _ free tomorrow? No. I _ free the day after tomorrow. A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be下一頁返回第41頁普通未來時練習(2)( ) 6. M

54、other _ me a nice present on my next birthday. A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. give( ) 7. Shall I buy a cup of tea for you? _. （不，不要。） A. No, you wont. B. No, you arent. C. No, please dont. D. No, please.( ) 8. Where is the morning paper? I _ if for you at once. A. get B. am getting C. to get

55、 D. will get( ) 9. _ a concert next Saturday? A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are( ) 10. If they come, we _ a meeting. A. have B. will have C. had D. would have下一頁返回第42頁普通未來時練習(3)( ) 11. He _ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday. A. gives B. gave C. will give D. is goi

56、ng to giving( ) 12. He _ to us as soon as he gets there. A. writes B. has written C. will write D. wrote( ) 13. He _ in three days. A. coming back B. came back C. will come back D. is going to coming back( ) 14. If it _ tomorrow, well go roller-skating. A. isnt rain B. wont rain C. doesnt rain D. doesnt fine( ) 15. Will his parents go to see the Terra Cotta Warriors tomorrow? No, _ （不去）. A. they willnt. B. they wont. C