《動詞的時態(tài)》課件

1、動詞的時態(tài)PPT課件動詞的時態(tài)PPT課件定義 時態(tài)是一種動詞形式，表達(dá)某種時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的事情。時態(tài)與時間有密切聯(lián)系。 英語中時間被劃分為現(xiàn)在、過去、將來和過去將來。 動詞表現(xiàn)的形態(tài)可分為一般、進(jìn)行、完成和完成進(jìn)行四種。2a定義 時態(tài)是一種動詞形式，表達(dá)某種時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的事情。時態(tài)與 按照以上所講的四種時間和四種形態(tài)，英語擁有16種時態(tài)，分別是第一組：一般現(xiàn)在時，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時；第二組：一般過去時，過去進(jìn)行時，過去完成時，過去完成進(jìn)行時；第三組：一般將來時，將來進(jìn)行時，將來完成時，將來完成進(jìn)行時；第四組：一般過去將來時，過去將來進(jìn)行時，過去將來完成時和過去將來完成進(jìn)行時。其中

2、紅色標(biāo)記的這六種時態(tài)較少用。3a 按照以上所講的四種時間和四種形態(tài)，英語擁有16種時態(tài)，分一般現(xiàn)在時1. 表示一般真理、習(xí)慣性或重復(fù)性行為或狀態(tài)，例如：The earth moves around the sun.She gets up early every day.2. 表示狀態(tài)或狀況，例如：This coffee tastes good.I understand what you mean.My cat likes milk.4a一般現(xiàn)在時1. 表示一般真理、習(xí)慣性或重復(fù)性行為或狀態(tài)，例如3. 用語作家或作品言語，尤指say 和tell 之類的詞，例如：Shakespeare says,

3、 “All the worlds a stage.” The poem expresses the poets love of nature. 4. 用于時間和條件狀語從句中代替將來時，表示將來的動作，例如：We will not go outing if it rains tomorrow.5a3. 用語作家或作品言語，尤指say 和tell 之類的詞，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時1. 表示此刻此階段正在進(jìn)行的動作，例如： Im studying French this term. She is writing a letter now. She started a few minutes ago. 說明：常

4、用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的時間狀語和詞組有now, for the time being, for the present等。6a現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時1. 表示此刻此階段正在進(jìn)行的動作，例如：8a2. 表示將來發(fā)生的動作，一般只適用于go, come, arrive, stay, leave, start等表示移動的動詞，例如： I am going to read. He is coming to see you this evening.3. 與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài),例如： You are always changing your

5、 mind.7a2. 表示將來發(fā)生的動作，一般只適用于go, come, a一般現(xiàn)在時與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的用法區(qū)別一般現(xiàn)在時表示“無時性”（timeless）、“事實性”（factual）、“一般性”（general）、“習(xí)俗性”（customary）、和“習(xí)慣性”（habitual）;現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示：“真實性”（true）、“臨時性”（temporary）、“進(jìn)行性” （progressive）和“明確性”（definite）.8a一般現(xiàn)在時與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的用法區(qū)別一般現(xiàn)在時表示“無時性”（t現(xiàn)在完成時1. 表示一個始于過去但現(xiàn)在已完成的動作或狀態(tài)，例如： I have studied Englis

6、h for 15 years. I have finished my homework.說明：常用于現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語或詞組有just, so far, up to now, since等。9a現(xiàn)在完成時1. 表示一個始于過去但現(xiàn)在已完成的動作或狀態(tài)，例2. 表示過去重復(fù)發(fā)生并且將來也可能重復(fù)的動作或狀態(tài)，例如： We have eaten in that restaurant many times. Since I came to Guangzhou, I have lived in this room.10a2. 表示過去重復(fù)發(fā)生并且將來也可能重復(fù)的動作或狀態(tài)，例如： 3.用于現(xiàn)在完成時

7、的句型 1）It/This/That is the first / second time. that結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時。It is the first time that I have visited the city.It was the third time that the boy had been late.2）This is the that結(jié)構(gòu)，that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時.This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing.11a 3

8、.用于現(xiàn)在完成時的句型 13a現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時 表示始于過去的動作和狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，這個動作或狀態(tài)可能已經(jīng)結(jié)束，可能仍在進(jìn)行，例如： I have been studying English for ten years.十年來我一直在學(xué)英語。 We have been having fine weather for the past few days.過去幾天天氣一直很好。說明：動作是否終止或進(jìn)行要視上下文而定。 12a現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時 表示始于過去的動作和狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，Exercises1. The sun _(rise) in the east and _(set) in the w

9、est.2. We _(not finish) the book so far.3. Most good medicines _(taste) bitter.4. I _(study) English for five years. I think I need still continue to study it.5. You can make the tea now. The water _(boil).6. I _(do) nothing for the time being.risessetshavent finishedtasteshave been studyingis boili

10、ngam doing13aExercises1. The sun _(ris7. At last youre here. She _for you for half an hour. You see how happy she is now. A. waited B. has waited C. is waiting D. has been waiting8. She is tired of working as a secretary. She _of finding another job now. A. thinks B. is thinking C. will think D. has

11、 thought9. I _ to the hospital for three months. A. did not go B. havent been C. hadnt been D. would not goDBB14a7. At last youre here. She _10. When you _your supper, Ill show you my books. A. finish B. will finish C. have finished D. will have finished11. Life _ all the time. A. changes B. has cha

12、nged C. is changing D. will change12. -Do you know our town at all? -No, this is the first time I _ here.A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming ACB15a10. When you _your supper, 13. What will he do when he _ school? A. leaves B. has left C. will have left D. had left 14. Watch your language. You do

13、nt know what you _ about. A. talk B. are talking C. have been talking D. will talk15. Go out and get some fresh air! You _ here reading all morning. A. have sat B. will have been sitting C. are sitting D. have been sitting ABD16a13. What will he do when he _key1.rises, sets 2. havent finished 3. tas

14、tes 4. have been studying 5. is boiling 6. am doing 7. D 8. B 9. B 10. A 11. C12. B 13. A 14. B 15. D 17akey1.rises, sets 2. havent一般過去時1.表示過去具體時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作。例如： I studied French when I was at college. Chaucer lived in the Middle Ages.說明：常用于一般過去時的時間狀語都是確切時間。例如：yesterday, last night ,.ago, in 1949(1948.)和

15、when 引起的從句等。2.表示一系列的過去動作，側(cè)重動作的前后順序。例如： I got up this morning at seven oclock, dressed, ate breakfast, and went to work.18a一般過去時1.表示過去具體時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作。例如：20a3.表示現(xiàn)在不真實的條件。例如： I wish I had a lot of money. If you had enough money, would you buy it?4.表示過去經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作。例如： When I was at Middle School, I often worke

16、d late till deep night.說明：過去時這種用法可參考情態(tài)動詞would和 used to的用法。19a3.表示現(xiàn)在不真實的條件。例如：21a5.在條件、時間狀語從句中表示將來的動作，例如： He said he would let me know if he heard any news about her.比較： He said, “I will let you know if I hear any news about her.”(直接引語中的hear是一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來情況。)20a5.在條件、時間狀語從句中表示將來的動作，例如：22a一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的用法區(qū)別

17、 這兩種時態(tài)均表示過去的動作?，F(xiàn)在完成時側(cè)重過去動作與現(xiàn)在之間的延續(xù)這一概念。側(cè)重過去動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果和影響。例如： We have cleaned the classroom. 我們已打掃了教室（結(jié)果是：教室清潔。） 一般過去時表示動作是過去某時發(fā)生的，不側(cè)重與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。例如： The American Civil War broke out in 186121a一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的用法區(qū)別 這兩種時態(tài)均表示過去的動.再比較兩個句子： I have lost my grammar book. I lost my grammar book yesterday.(第一句暗示：書仍未找到

18、，無法看書。 第二句強(qiáng)調(diào)昨天丟了書，今天是否已找到，沒側(cè)重說明。）22a.24a過去進(jìn)行時1.表示過去一動作發(fā)生時另一動作也在發(fā)生。例如： He was driving when the accident occurred. While I was staying in Guangzhou , I visited Zhongshan University. I was doing my homework at nine oclock yesterday evening.說明:when ,while 及其他表明過去時間的詞常用于此時態(tài)。 23a過去進(jìn)行時1.表示過去一動作發(fā)生時另一動作也在發(fā)生。

19、25a2. 強(qiáng)調(diào)時間的延續(xù)性，表示過去兩動作同時發(fā)生。例如： While I was hesitating, time was passing by. She did not care what people were saying about her.3. 表示過去將來的動作，只限于go, come, start, stay, leave等詞，例如： I wanted to knows when he was leaving for London. He replied that he was coming at once.24a2. 強(qiáng)調(diào)時間的延續(xù)性，表示過去兩動作同時發(fā)生。例如：26a過

20、去進(jìn)行時與一般過去時的用法區(qū)別過去進(jìn)行時表示過去某刻或某段時間正在進(jìn)行的動作，側(cè)重表現(xiàn)動作在進(jìn)展過程中。一般過去時表示過去發(fā)生過某一動作這種單純事實。比較下列句子： We built a new dormitory building last term.上學(xué)期我們蓋了一棟新宿舍樓。（動作已終止，宿舍樓已經(jīng)蓋成。） We were building a new classroom building last term. 上學(xué)期我們在蓋一棟新教學(xué)樓。（上學(xué)期我們一直在蓋，但是否結(jié)束不得而知。）25a過去進(jìn)行時與一般過去時的用法區(qū)別過去進(jìn)行時表示過去某刻或某段過去完成時1. 表示過去一動作在另一動作

21、前或某一時間前已經(jīng)完成，例如： She thought she had locked the door. By the end of last month, we had learned five lessons.說明：在能明顯表示前后時間的句子里，一般過去時可代替過去完成時，例如： After he finished the book, he returned it to the library. She left before I arrived.26a過去完成時1. 表示過去一動作在另一動作前或某一時間前已經(jīng)完2. 表示一個過去不真實的條件，例如： If he had studied h

22、ard last term, he would have passed the examination. I wish I had gone to the party last night.3. 用于把直接引語里的一般過去時或現(xiàn)在完成時變成間接引語的過去完成時，例如： He said, “I have never heard of such a thing.”可以變成：He said he had never heard of such a thing.27a2. 表示一個過去不真實的條件，例如：29a過去完成進(jìn)行時 表示始于過去的動作或狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到過去某個時間，例如： They had b

23、een playing football for five hours until it rained heavily. 28a過去完成進(jìn)行時 表示始于過去的動作或狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到過去某個Exercises:When I was in China, I _(learn) to drink tea.2. He _(lose) a book yesterday.3. I wish I _(have) a million dollars.4.While he _(think) of how to escape, the policemen _ (approach) his house.5.We _(l

24、eave) by the time he comes.6.By the end of 1993, I _(live) in Beijing for eight years.learnedlosthadwas thinkingwere approachingwill have lefthad lived29aExercises:When I was in China,7. If I _ a woman, I ll do all the housework. A. am B. was C. were D. would be 8. Id rather you _ call tomorrow even

25、ing. I shall be entertaining some guests. A. wont B. didnt C. shant D. will9. “When I got there, she had gone. ” “So you _her?” A. havent seen B. hadnt seen C. didnt see D. were not seeing CBC30a7. If I _ a woman, I ll do a10. By the time the doctor arrived, she _. A. has already died B. was died C.

26、 had already died D. died11. When he got home, he found that his wife _ someone in a low voice. A. was phoning B. had phoned C. phoned D. has phoned12. I left as soon as the meeting _. A. had ended B. has ended C. would have ended D. should endCAA31a10. By the time the doctor arr13. When he retired

27、last year he _ our President for twenty years. A. was B. had been C. has been D. used to be 14. His examination results last term were better than I _. A. expected B. would expect C. should expect D. had expected 15. In 1981, I _ in Beijing. A. have lived B. had lived C. lived D. have been living BD

28、C32a13. When he retired last year key1. learned 2. lost 3. had 4. was thinking, were approaching 5. will have left 6. had lived7. C 8. B 9. C 10. C 11. A 12. A 13. B 14. D 15. C 33akey1. learned 2. lost 3. ha一般將來時1.表示打算或期待做的將來動作，例如：He will write the letter soon.2. 表示打算做或可能要發(fā)生的事，用“be going to”結(jié)構(gòu)，例如：W

29、e are going to visit Japan.Its going to snow.3. 表示即將發(fā)生的動作，用“be about to”結(jié)構(gòu)，例如：We are about to leave when he came.34a一般將來時1.表示打算或期待做的將來動作，例如：36a4.表示安排好或計劃好要做的動作，用“be to”結(jié)構(gòu)，例如：They are to go to Shanghai tonight.We are to meet at the gate after supper.5. go, come, leave, start等詞表示即將發(fā)生的動作時，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時即可，例如：T

30、hey are leaving for New York.35a4.表示安排好或計劃好要做的動作，用“be to”結(jié)構(gòu)，例如將來進(jìn)行時1.表示將來某一時間正在進(jìn)行的動作，例如：I will be having a class at 9 oclock tomorrow.I ll be waiting for you at noon.2.表示即將發(fā)生或按計劃要發(fā)生的動作，例如：We shall be having a meeting on Thursday afternoon.CCTV will be presenting a series of wonderful programs on the

31、 eve of the National Day.36a將來進(jìn)行時1.表示將來某一時間正在進(jìn)行的動作，例如：38a將來完成時表示在將來某一時間之前完成的動作，例如：We will have left before the mail arrives.By the end of next month, we will have finished the task.37a將來完成時表示在將來某一時間之前完成的動作，例如：39aExercises:1. I _ (attend) a meeting this time tomorrow.2. By the end of next month, thes

32、e four universities _ (become) one.3. He _ (leave) for Shanghai tomorrow.4. Everything _(be) all right if you do as he tells you.will/shall be attendingwill have becomewill leave / is leaving / is to leavewill be38aExercises:1. I _5. He says he knows someone who _ the job. A. shall do B. will have done C. will do D. shall have done6. Can you know what you _ at this time next year? A. are doing B. will do C. will be doing D. do 7. We must hurry, otherwise the meeting _ when we get there. A. will begin B. is begi