二動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)課件

1、二、動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)As has been pointed out, a sentence/ clause whose predicator(predicate verb) is active is called an “active sentence”, and a sentence/ clause whose predicator (predicate verb) is passive is called a “passive sentence”. The subject in the active sentence is the agent or doer of an action, and

2、in the passive the recipient of the action.各個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)形式大致可歸納如下：1一般時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)完成時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在amis givenareamis being givenarehas been givenhave過去was given werewas being givenwere had been given 將來shall be given willX X X (shall have been given)( will過去將來should be given wouldX X X(should have been given)( would21) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)

3、態(tài)主要在下面幾種情況下用：a 我們不知道或沒有必要說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)(這時(shí)都不帶由by引起的短語(yǔ))：Such books are written for children. 這種書是為兒童寫的。When will the road be opened to traffic? 這條路什么時(shí)候通車？We havent been told about it. 沒有人通知我們這件事。 b 動(dòng)作承受者是談話的中心(這時(shí)可帶有by引起的短語(yǔ))： The store is run by the trade union. 這家店是工會(huì)辦的。3The song was composed by a studen

4、t. 這首歌曲是一個(gè)學(xué)生譜寫的。The lathe was designed by ourselves. 這個(gè)車床是我們自己設(shè)計(jì)的。c出于禮貌措辭圓通等方面的考慮不愿說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)：You are requested to give a performance. 請(qǐng)你給我們表演一個(gè)節(jié)目。It is generally considered not advisable to act that way. 這樣做一般認(rèn)為是不妥當(dāng)?shù)摹ou are cordially invited to a party to be given at the Teacherss Club at 3 p.m. N

5、ov. 23. 謹(jǐn)定于11月23日下午3時(shí)在教師俱樂部舉行晚會(huì)，敬請(qǐng)光臨。（）4a) verb + preposition, eg: look after, look into, talk about: The children are well looked after.This matter is being looked into.Other possibilities were talked about at the meeting.b) verb + adverb , eg: set up, put off, bring about:When was the hospital set

6、 up?The sport meet is to be put off.A new outburst of revolutionary enthusiasm will soon be brought about.6c) verb + adverb + preposition, eg: do away with, face up to, put up with:That sort of thing should be done away with.Theres no running away from the facts; they just have to be faced up to.Suc

7、h a state of things cannot be put up with.B) passive voice of “verb + noun + preposition” The “verb + noun + preposition” combination may have two passive possibilities. The first of these is to treat the combination as a single transitive verb,eg:73) Active constructions expressing passive meanings

8、There are verbs that can be either transitive or intransitive and which can be active in form but passive in meaning. The following two points may be noted. The first of these, which occurs chiefly in the present progressive(如do,owe, cook, bind, print 等動(dòng)詞。這類結(jié)構(gòu)是早期英語(yǔ)遺留下來的用法， 常見于日常用語(yǔ)以及某些行業(yè)的專門術(shù)語(yǔ)中), eg:9

9、The house is building.The book is printing.The dinner is cooking.Verbs used in this way can also be made passive. compare:The house is being built.The book is being printed.The dinner is being cooked.The second type occurring frequently in the simple present is only found when the subject is represe

10、nted as having certain inherent qualities which promote, hamper, 10or prevent the realization of the idea expressed by the predicate verb, eg:Brownings plays wont act. 布朗寧戲劇不宜上演。Tomatoes bruise easily. 西紅柿很容易碰傷。This belt wont buckle. 這根腰帶扣不上。My voice doesnt carry well. 我的聲音傳不遠(yuǎn)。Enamel wares clean eas

11、ily. 搪瓷器皿容易弄干凈。This box doesnt close properly. 這廂子關(guān)不攏。These apples cook well. 這些蘋果適于烹煮。This metal cuts easily. 這種金屬容易切削。Nylon dries quickly. 尼龍織物干得快。The pipe doesnt draw well. 這煙斗不大暢通。11This material doesnt dye well. 這料子染不好。It eats well. 這東西吃起來味道好。Damp wood will not fire. 潮濕的木頭燒不著。This wheat grinds

12、well. 這種麥子很好磨。The brake does not grip properly. 剎車不靈。This car handles well. 這輛車好駕駛。Damp clothes iron easily. 濕衣容易燙平。Will this meat keep till tomorrow? 這肉能放到明天嗎？The flat lets for 500 dollars a month. 這套公寓房月租金500美元。The match lights easily. 這火柴容易劃著。The door wont lock. 這門鎖不上。The cow milks well. 這頭母牛出奶率高

13、。These books pack easily. 這些書容易包裝。12These potatoes peel easily. 這些土豆容易銷皮。Ripe apples pick easily. 熟了的蘋果容易采摘。This poem reds well. 這首詩(shī)讀來順口。His voice records well. 他的聲音錄下來很好聽。That play screens badly. 那個(gè)劇本不適于拍電影。His new novel sells well. 他的新小說銷路好。The window wont shut. 這窗關(guān)不上。Some kinds of wood splits eas

14、ily. 有些木材容易劈開。Some kinds of food soon spoil. 有些食品容易變質(zhì)。This linen cloth stains easily. 這種麻布容易弄臟。This paper tears easily. 這種紙幣一撕就破。This cloth washes well. 這部很耐洗。This material wont wear. 這種材料不耐久。The drawer wont open. 抽屜開不開。13以上這些句子一般都不能轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)句，如果變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句，句子的意義就改變了。compare：His novels dont sell. 他的小說銷路不佳。His

15、 novels are not sold. 他的小說沒有賣掉。The middle house wont let. 中間的房子租不出去。The middle house will not be let. 中間的房子不會(huì)出租。She does not photograph well. 她不上照。She has not been photographed well. 她的相沒有照好。（）14A）不定式的被動(dòng)態(tài)當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，這個(gè)不定式要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：I hope to be nominated.It is impossible for lost time to be mad

16、e up.To fetch water before breakfast seemed to them a rule never to be broken.Note: get-型被動(dòng)態(tài)(get-passive)也可以不定式的形式出現(xiàn)。例如：It was nasty for Mary to be / to get hurt.(瑪麗受到傷害這件事令人很不愉快。)It was good for Joans mother to be / to get looked after so kindly.16B）-ing 分詞的被動(dòng)態(tài)當(dāng)-ing 分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，就要用-ing 分詞的被動(dòng)態(tài)。例

17、如：The workers were proud of their products being praised highly by the buying public.I object to being kept waiting. Having been invited to speak, Ill start making preparations tomorrow.Note:當(dāng)代有人稱代詞作為自己主語(yǔ)的-ing 分詞被動(dòng)態(tài)在主句中作賓語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)足成分時(shí),這個(gè)人稱代詞既可用賓格, 也可用屬格。 例如：I insisted on him /his being invited.I dont mind

18、 him / his being invited. （end）17Note:(a) “take place”做“舉行”解時(shí)，要注意其用法：We will hold the meeting next Monday.=The meeting will be held next Monday.=The meeting will take place next Monday.(下星期一將舉行會(huì)議。)(b) “連系動(dòng)詞” (如look,feel, taste, smell, remain等)沒有被動(dòng)形式：The coffee tastes a little bitter. ( T )The coffee

19、 is tasted a little bitter. ( F )(這咖啡嘗起來有點(diǎn)苦。)(c)并非所有及物動(dòng)詞都有被動(dòng)形式，如：cost (花費(fèi))，take (花費(fèi))，last (持續(xù)), resemble (像), have (有)等都沒有被動(dòng)式。19The pen cost five yuan. ( T )The pen is costed five yuan. ( F )(這筆要五元。) B)有些動(dòng)詞以“動(dòng)名詞”或“不定式”的形式表示被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)下列動(dòng)詞看似主動(dòng)，但其實(shí)還有被動(dòng)的意義： be worth + V-ing(值得) need want + V-ing(需要) require t

20、o let (出租)，to blame (該受責(zé)備) For example:20The book is worth reading. = The book is worthy to be read. = The book is worthy of being read. (這本書值得一讀。) My car needs checking.= My car needs to be checked.(我的車子需要檢查。)The house is to let. (此屋出租。)You are to blame. (你應(yīng)受責(zé)備。)A lot remains to do.(還有許多要做的事情。)C)用其

21、他介詞代替by:在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，表示行為者的介詞，通常用by；但有些動(dòng)詞不用by而要用其他的介詞(如to, in, at, with):21be 動(dòng) 詞 的 過 去 分 詞 介 詞beacquainted 認(rèn)識(shí)covered 覆蓋equipped 裝備 pleased 高興satisfied 滿意crowded 擠滿filed 擠滿 with beamazed 驚訝astonished 吃驚startled 吃驚surprised 驚訝shocked 震驚disappointed 失望frightened 驚嚇 at22bedressed 穿衣服interested 感興趣absorbed 專心

22、于engaged 從事于caught 遇到inbeaccustomed習(xí)慣于used習(xí)慣于devoted 獻(xiàn)身于known 為所知married 結(jié)婚obliged 感激engaged 與訂婚to23例句：The mountain is covered with snow. (山被雪所覆蓋。）He is pleased with his new job. （他對(duì)新工作很滿意。）I was surprised at the news. (這消息使我吃驚。）He is interested in music. （他對(duì)音樂感興趣。）I am much obliged to you for your

23、help. (真謝謝你的幫助。）I was caught in a shower on my way home. （我在回家途中遇到陣雨。）（）24For example: I am interested in English. He was delighted to meet you. I was surprised to hear the mews. I am disappointed in her.Note: the usage of the following phrases:be used to +N 習(xí)慣于 be devoted to+N 獻(xiàn)身于 be absorbed in+N

24、專心于 be acquainted with 熟悉 be opposed to+N 反對(duì) be exposed to+N 暴露于 be made up of 由組成 be wounded = be hurt 受傷 be located = be situated 位于Be accustomed to+N 習(xí)慣于 be dedicated to+N 致力于 be engaged in 從事于 be concerned about 關(guān)心 be supposed to+V 應(yīng)該要 be well-known for 以著名 be inclined to+V 傾向于 be seated = sit 就

25、座 be dressed= dress oneself 穿著26E) 客觀的說法表示客觀的說明常用“It is +p.p.”的句型。下面為常見的句型： believed 大家相信 expected 大家期待 reported 據(jù)報(bào)道It is said 據(jù)說 that suggested 有人建議說 thought 大家認(rèn)為 acknowledged 大家公認(rèn)For example: It is said that Mike is sick in bed. It is believed that he was killed.273. He said that the patient_by a chief doctor. a. would operate on b. will operate on c. will be operated on d. would be operated on4. The world;s supplies of copper_. a. had been g