九限定詞Determiners課件-2

1、九限定詞Determiners-PPT課件九限定詞Determiners-PPT課件1、Classification of determiners Determiners, as a class of words, includes: Definite Article, Indefinite Article, Zero Article.Possessive Determiner(物主限定詞): my, your, his, her, our, their, ones, itsGenitive Noun(名詞屬格): Johns, my friendsDemonstrative Determin

2、er (指示限定詞): this, that, these, those, such Relative Determiner(關(guān)系限定詞): whose, which Interrogative Determiner(疑問限定詞): what, which, whose21、Classification of determinerIndefinite Determiner(不定限定詞): no, some, any, each, every, enough, either, neither, all, both, half, several, many, much, a few, a litt

3、le, other, anotherCardinal Numeral & Ordinal Numeral(基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞)Multiplicative Numeral & Fractional Numeral (倍數(shù)詞和分?jǐn)?shù)詞)Quantifier (量詞): a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a great deal of, a large quantity of, etc. As for the Articles, weve discussed in lecture8, and for Numeral , well discuss it 3Indefinite D

4、eterminer(不定限定詞):5 in the following lecture in details. Here were going to concentrate on the other kinds of determiners. 2、 A comparative study of some determinersa(n) & one 這兩個(gè)詞都指“一個(gè)”，但有所不同，a(n)是指任何一個(gè)，著重類別；one指不是一個(gè)或兩個(gè)，著重?cái)?shù)量： Is the man over there an Englishman？ The drum will collapse at a/one blow.

5、 Im just one player on the team. both & all 兩個(gè)詞均可譯作“都”，但是指兩個(gè)人或物時(shí)只能用both，三個(gè)及其以上的人或事物時(shí)要用 all：4 in the following lecture in My brother bought me “Uncle Toms Cabin” and “The Sun Also Rises”. I like both books.作為限定詞使用的both和all 所修飾的名詞若還有物主代詞或定冠詞修飾時(shí)，要把both 或all放在它們的前面：all the world，all my life，all that aft

6、ernoon，F(xiàn)or example： Both the(his) students smiled.All 和both 可用of 結(jié)構(gòu), 后面是名詞時(shí), of 可省去, 但若后面是人稱代詞時(shí), of 不能省略： Both of them are fond of and good at physics.all & whole all與表示時(shí)間的名詞連用時(shí), 用不用the 都可以, 但在否定句中通常不用： I couldnt sleep all night.5 My brother bought me “Unc Whole 后面不能接復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞, 代詞或?qū)Ｓ忻~： We cant say：who

7、le inhabitants （全體居民）or whole China，or whole it. But we can say：all the inhabitants, the whole of China(指領(lǐng)土), or all China(指各地區(qū)或全國(guó)同胞), the whole of it.what & which What 為泛指限定詞, which為特指限定詞, 在用于指“什么”時(shí), 一般來說, what 用來指不定數(shù)目中的“什么”，which則指一定數(shù)目中的“什么”： 1、_car do you like best among the ones made in China? a

8、. What b. Which c. Whose d. Whats 2、What kind of sports do you like?6 Whole 后面不能接復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞, 代詞或?qū)Ｓ忻~：8但實(shí)際上, what 也用來指確定數(shù)目的“什么”, 比如一年有四季, 十二個(gè)月, 一星期有七天, 等等: What season do you like best? What day of the week is today?Which 則常用于事先計(jì)算的場(chǎng)合: Which day of the week does May Day fall on this year ?some & any 兩個(gè)詞都有

9、“一些, 若干,幾分, 一點(diǎn)兒”之意, some常用于肯定句, any 用于疑問句，否定句和條件句。但是，some也可用于疑問句表示勸請(qǐng)，命令或預(yù)期的肯定的回答等， 而any 在作“任何”解時(shí)，可用在肯定句中的單復(fù)數(shù)名詞前： Will you have some tea? Or youll be thirsty very soon. You may take any pictures you like.7但實(shí)際上, what 也用來指確定數(shù)目的“什么”, 比如一年other & another 兩個(gè)詞都可以修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。Another是指三個(gè)以上不定數(shù)量中的另一個(gè)，而other 前面要加定

10、冠詞the，the other指兩者中的另一個(gè)。Other（其它，另外）后面一般跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞： We had a party last month, and it was a lot of fun, so lets have another one this month. I see there are some clean cups on the table. Can you get me another one since this is dirty? He has a book in one hand, and a pen in the other one. There are other

11、 ways of doing this exercise.Note: 在other 前還可用any, every, no, some等詞修飾，后面所修飾名詞可用單數(shù)。如：some other time , on other book, any other pen8other & another10No one & none No one 表示“一個(gè)也沒有”只能指人，它只代表單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，接單數(shù)動(dòng)詞，很少和of 短語連用，none可以指人也可指物，既可代表可數(shù)名詞，也可代表不可數(shù)名詞。當(dāng)none代表單數(shù)時(shí)，用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞；代表復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。None后面常跟of 短語。For example：

12、None of the girls came on the trip. It is surprising that no one in my class has heard about the accident. None of us is wholly blameless. many , much, a lot of, lots of & plenty of 表示“多”的意思，可用many, much, a lot of, lots of , plenty of, a good /great many, a large amount of 等。作為限定詞, many和 a good /gre

13、at many之后須跟9No one & none11 復(fù)數(shù)名詞，much 和a large amount of之后須跟不可數(shù)名詞： Many animals have diseases. A rocket has many parts. Many information is now transmitted through E-mail. We have a great many questions to discuss at the meeting. We are going to spend a large amount of money on childrens education.N

14、ote: many, much, a great many 等既可用作限定詞, 也可用作不定代詞： Have you done all these exercises？ No， I havent done very much.10 復(fù)數(shù)名詞，much 和a large amount Has she read any English novels in the original? Yes, a great many.a few & a little 表示“少”的意思，可用(a) few, (a)little, 既可用作限定詞, 又可用作不定代詞。A few， a little表示“少量”，帶有肯

15、定含意： Lets invite a few friends to come with us. Here are a few more books on this subject. I had a little difficulty in solving the problem. few / little 若不與a 連用表示否定意義, 相當(dāng)于not many / much, not enough： I have very few chocolates left. I understand little of his speech.Note: quite a few, a good few ,

16、not a few 不表示“少”,11 Has she read any English no 而表示“相當(dāng)多”的含義, 相當(dāng)于a fair number(of)： Quite a few of us are getting worried. Youll have to wait a good few weeks. Each & every each 強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體性, 表示“各自不同”；every強(qiáng)調(diào)整體的一致性，表示“大家一致”；each用來指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或事物，every著重表明三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或事物；each 可以單獨(dú)作代詞，而every則不可以，只能作定語： I know ever

17、y member of the family. I know each member of the family. Each of us has to do his way best. Every one of us did a good job in the cleaning. Each of my parents has a bike.12 而表示“相當(dāng)多”的含義, 相當(dāng)于a fair numeither & neither 作為泛指限定詞或代詞, 后面一般用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞。either用于肯定，意思是兩者之中的一個(gè)，或兩者之間的任何一個(gè)，neither 用于否定，指兩者之中哪一個(gè)也不： Bot

18、h of the roads lead to the railway station. You may go by either road. Neither statement is true, is it?其他 某些限定詞修飾單數(shù)名詞和某些副詞修飾形容詞+名詞時(shí)的詞序: 不定冠語一般放在它所限定的詞之前, 如， what a silly mistake he has ever made on his road to the stage！ 但在下列兩種情況下, 不定冠詞應(yīng)后置： such，quite， what 可以修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞和不可13either & neither15 數(shù)名詞。當(dāng)它們

19、修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時(shí)， 不定冠詞a/an 應(yīng)放在這三個(gè)詞后面： I have never seen such a large apple before. We had quite an enjoyable holiday.形容詞前有so, as, too, how, however 修飾時(shí), 不定冠詞應(yīng)置于形容詞之后: how / too +形容詞+a” He has too small a car to take us all there. However dark a night may be an owl can see clearly.Conclusion: In this lectur

20、e, determiners are briefly discussed: the classification of determiners and a comparative study of some determiners. NowLets practice14 數(shù)名詞。當(dāng)它們修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時(shí)， 不定冠詞a/aExercises:_child will find his own personal road to success. a. Every b. Each c. Some d. The (each強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體性, 表示“各自不同”。）_work _to be done tomorr

21、ow. a. Great deal of / have b. A great deal of / has c. A great of / has d. A deal of / have ( we can say: a great deal of or a good deal of)There _a large number of things that I desire to say. a. is b. are c. was d. were a great / good / large /small number of “許多, 一些”后面接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式, 動(dòng)詞視說話人的意圖, 可用單數(shù)(

22、集合地看)或復(fù)數(shù)(個(gè)別地看)。15Exercises:17I like _the books my brother, sister and parents gave me. They know what I like. a. all b. both c. some d. any“Are there many men there?” “_, there are_.” a. Yes / few b. No / a few c. No / few d. No / any If you want_books. Ill send you_. a. some /any b. any / any c. an

23、y / some d. many / fewIm studying Chinese, history, and _subjects. a. the other b. other c. another d. others(another 和 the other 都只能接單數(shù)名詞, other后面一般接復(fù)數(shù)名詞。)16I like _the books my brotherThere are shops on_side of the street, where you can buy what you want. a. neither b. both c. any d. eitherIn _cas

24、e will he come. a. either b. both c. some d. neither (neither 作為否定詞用于句首時(shí), 需要用部分倒裝。）_world is looking forward to the discovery of a new cure for cancer. a. The all b. The whole c. Altogether a d. Entirely_alloy may be used to replace copper. a. Such a b. Some such c. Such some d. Several such17There

25、are shops on_side of tThe additional work will take _weeks. a. the other b. another five c. other five d. the morePlease serve me _soup. a. more some b. the less c. more the d. some moreAre you going to buy _rice? a. all these b. these all c. all this d. both theseEither of these books_good. a. is b

26、. are c. a d. were(either 和neither 用作代詞時(shí), 后面一般用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞。）18The additional work will take 十、數(shù)詞(numeral) Words that precede any pre-modifying adjectives in a noun phrase and which denote such referential meanings(所指意義) as definite quantity(確定數(shù)量) or indefinite quantity are referred to as numeral. There are

27、 two kinds of numerals: cardinal numeral(one, two, fifty-two etc.) and ordinal numeral( first, tenth, fiftieth etc.)1、Uses of cardinal numeral 1）用作主語：19十、數(shù)詞(numeral) Words tIt is said that thirteen is an unlucky number.Three of them joined the school team. (他們當(dāng)中有3人參加了校隊(duì)。如果說the three of them 則意謂“它們3人

28、”。）2）用作表語：The boy is ten.Five times five is twenty-five.3) 用作賓語:The shop-assistant wears a nine on her uniform. (那個(gè)女售票員的制服上戴著9號(hào)徽章。）It is worth four hundred.4) 用作定語:I have invited ten people to the party.I have told you a hundred and one times.20It is said that thirteen is an5) 用作同位語:Are you two read

29、ing?They three joined the school team.6）用作狀語:I hate riding two on a bike. (我不喜歡騎自行車帶人。）People were three or four deep in the streets. (街上的人多達(dá)三四層。）2、Uses of Ordinal numeral1）用作主語：The first is better than the second.The first of October is our National Day.2) 用作表語:She was (the) fourth in the exam. She

30、 was the third to arrive.215) 用作同位語:233) 用作賓語:He was among the first to arrive.He held up a piece of paper folded into fourths. (他拿起一張摺成四摺的紙。）4) 用作定語January is the first month of the year.5) 用作同位語:On Friday, the 10th instant, Mr. and Mrs. Cole celebrated their silver wedding-day. (科爾夫婦于本月10日星期五慶祝他們的

31、銀婚。）Who is that man, the first in the front row?6) 用作狀語When did you first meet him?He came second in the race.223) 用作賓語:24 3、 Uses of Multiplicative Numeral & Fractional Numeral 1) Multiplicative NumeralThis room is three times as large as that one.How much is three times three?The value of the hous

32、e has increased fourfold since 1939. 房?jī)r(jià)自1939年以來增加了3倍。Note: 表示倍數(shù)時(shí)，如表示“增加”用times 與fold，則須注意英語要多說一倍，如說“增加了3倍”，則須用four times 或fourfold，如：Output of coal increased four times (或fourfold). 煤產(chǎn)量增加了3倍。 Output of coal was four times as great as that of last year。煤產(chǎn)量比去年增加了3倍。23 3、 Uses of Multiplicative Num2) F

33、ractional NumeralPopulation has increased by 200% in the past 20 years.This shows a 300% increase over the previous year.Note：表示分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí)，分子須用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞。分子如是1以上，分母須用復(fù)數(shù)形式， 如： 讀作 a(one)half (不讀作one second), 數(shù)學(xué)中可讀作one over two 讀作 a (one) quarter (或fourth) 讀作 three quarters (或fourths)2/5 讀作 two fifths1/3 讀作 a

34、 (one) third 2/3讀作 two thirds5 讀作 five and a half 小數(shù)的讀法是: 小數(shù)點(diǎn)前的基數(shù)詞與前面所講的基數(shù)詞讀法完全相同, 小數(shù)點(diǎn)后則須將數(shù)詞一一讀出, 如:242) Fractional Numeral261.25 讀作 one point two five3.728 讀作 three point seven two eight0.56 讀作 (naught) (美國(guó)用 zero )point five six0.009 讀作 (naught)point naught naught nine (美國(guó)用zero代替naught) 百分?jǐn)?shù)中的百分號(hào)%讀作

35、per cent, 如:5% 讀作 five per cent0.5% 讀作 (naught) point five per cent 300% 讀作 three hundred per cent4、Number （編號(hào)） 請(qǐng)看下面一些例子：Number 6 第六號(hào)（讀作number six, 縮寫式: No.6)line 4 第四行(讀作line four, 縮寫式: L.4)Page 10 第十頁 (讀作page ten 縮寫式: p.10251.25 讀作 one point two fivLesson Eight 第八課Room 101 101房間(讀作Room one oh one)

36、No. 10 Downing Street 唐寧街10號(hào)Platform 5 第五站臺(tái)Bus 332 332路公共汽車Tel. No. 801-4609 電話號(hào)碼 801-4609 讀作telephone number eight oh one four six oh nine, 在eight, oh, one 之后稍加停頓。Postcode（或zip code）100081 郵政編碼1000815、Date, Month, year (年、月、日表示法)1949 1949年 (讀作nineteen forty-nine 或nineteen hundred and forty-nine)190

37、0 1900年 (讀作nineteen hundred)1960s(1960s) 20世紀(jì)60年代(讀作nineteen sixties)26Lesson Eight 第八課28 450B.C. 公元前450年 (讀作four fifty B.C. 或four hundred and fifty B.C.)476A.D. (A.D.476) 公元476年 (讀作four seventy-six A.D.或 four hundred and seventy-six A.D.)February 7(th) or 7(th) February 2月7日 讀February seventh (或Feb

38、ruary seven 或February seventh)。 7(th) February則讀作the seventh of February。6、Hour（時(shí)刻表示法）（at）six oclock (或at six)a.m (或am) (在)上午六時(shí)half past six p.m(或pm) 下午六時(shí)半(a) quarter past six a.m (或am) 上午六時(shí)一刻(a) quarter to eight p.m (或pm) 下午八時(shí)差一刻five to eight p.m(或pm) 下午八時(shí)差五分除用文字外, 還可用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字表示時(shí)刻, 如:27 450B.C. 公元前450

39、年 (讀作four fif6.00(英式) 6:00(美式) 讀作six6.25(英式) 6:25(美式) 讀作six twenty five還有一種以24小時(shí)時(shí)制的表示法, 如:06.00 或 6:00 讀作 zero six hundred hours21.25 或 21:25 讀作 twenty-one twenty-five7、數(shù)詞用于慣用法中基數(shù)詞用來表示確定數(shù)時(shí)不能有復(fù)數(shù)形式,但在表示模糊數(shù)時(shí)卻用復(fù)數(shù)形式,這常見于慣用語中: at sixes and sevens 亂七八糟 Millions of 數(shù)以百計(jì)的 by hundreds 成百 thousands of 數(shù)以千計(jì)的 th

40、ousands upon thousands of 千千萬萬的 dozens of 幾十 in twos and threes 三三兩兩的286.00(英式) 6:00(美式) 讀還有些慣用語中, 數(shù)詞雖是確定的, 但并不表示確切的數(shù)值, 卻暗含其它意思: a thousand thanks 多謝 a hundred and one questions 許多問題 have ones forty winks 打盹, 小睡 ten to ten 十有八九 ten cent store 小食雜店 talk nineteen to the dozen 喋喋不休的談 change seventy-two

41、 times 變化無常 at the eleventh hour 在最后一刻Conclusion：So much for numerals. Weve discussed the uses of different numerals in this lecture. Now lets practice 29還有些慣用語中, 數(shù)詞雖是確定的, 但并不表示確切的數(shù)值, Exercises:The length of the reading passage increased progressively, from about four hundred and fifty words in the early units until to nearly_words in later ones. a. two thousands three hundreds b. two thousand- three hundred c. two thousand three hundreds d. two thousand three hundred (英語基數(shù)詞hundred, thousand 和million 等數(shù)詞，用作限定詞時(shí)，不用復(fù)數(shù)形式。用作名詞時(shí)， 如果是確定數(shù)字（或接近確定）也不加復(fù)數(shù)。 比如：six hundred，t