宏觀微觀斯塔克效應(yīng)

1、宏觀微觀斯塔克效應(yīng)第1頁，共10頁，2022年，5月20日，0點32分，星期三線性、非線性斯塔克線性和非線性效應(yīng)都同時存在，但弱場強(qiáng)時線性顯著，強(qiáng)場時非線性（二次）對分裂起住到作用。y=ax+b(x2),對Halpha,ax和b(x2)的交點在10(5)V/cm估算太陽上可能的分裂線距量級（5mA0.5A）圖There are actually two types of stark effect: the linear stark effect and the quadratic version of the stark effect. As expected, the linear star

2、k effect is linearly dependant on the applied electric field while the quadratic stark effect is smaller in the value of splitting and varies as the square of the applied electric field. 第2頁，共10頁，2022年，5月20日，0點32分，星期三縱向橫向電場圖第3頁，共10頁，2022年，5月20日，0點32分，星期三實測中的線偏振和圓偏振橫向場觀測只看到線偏振（吸收？發(fā)射？），偏振方向平行于橫向電場；縱向場

3、觀測看到“非偏振”的圓偏振強(qiáng)度？sigma線的位置在pi線內(nèi)側(cè)。他們的相對強(qiáng)度計算？第4頁，共10頁，2022年，5月20日，0點32分，星期三可以觀測的對象考慮磁場的存在，將電場分解為平行磁場和垂直于磁場去尋找可觀測量。1）驗證電流片的存在（電流閉合假設(shè)）；2）非完全凍結(jié)下，流場拖拽引起的霍爾電壓（正負(fù)粒子分離），發(fā)向垂直于磁場；3）暗條系統(tǒng)的電場第5頁，共10頁，2022年，5月20日，0點32分，星期三第6頁，共10頁，2022年，5月20日，0點32分，星期三第7頁，共10頁，2022年，5月20日，0點32分，星期三觀測儀器和觀測方式譜線觀測（不行？）兩維濾光器快速掃描式濾光器第8頁

4、，共10頁，2022年，5月20日，0點32分，星期三History of the Stark EffectWhen Zeeman discovered the effect of magnetic fields on the wavelengths of emitted spectra from an excited gas, the Zeeman effect, it sparked a search for a similar effect due to electric fields. For fifteen years the search failed to show such a

5、n effect and as a matter of fact, Woldemar Voigt of Gttingen (known for the discovery of the Voigt effect) showed on a theoretical basis, with some assumptions, that no such effect should be expected. Experimental failure to find the effect of electric fields on emitted spectra was actually due to a

6、 very simple phenomenon. Excitation of atoms to show spectra was usually performed by passing an electric arc through a gas. The gas would be ionized allowing current to flow via motion of the freed electrons and collisions between electrons and ions or electrons and neutral atoms would excite the i

7、ons or atoms and then spectra would be visible as the ions or atoms decayed back down from their excited states. The problem is that applying an external electric field to this highly conductive gas simply rearranges the charges such that the electric field within the gas is neutralized and you have

8、 no appreciable fraction of the emitting ions or atoms experiencing any electric field at all. Johannes Stark, in 1913, recognized the importance of lowering the conductivity of the luminous gas in order to maintain a strong electric field within the gas. His method for accomplishing this was to exa

9、mine the spectra emitted by the luminous canal rays behind a perforated cathode. Goldstein discovered these canal rays were discovered by Goldstein and used by Stark to demonstrate the doppler effect. Stark added a second electrode immediately behind the perforated cathode and applied a strong elect

10、ric field between this new electrode and that cathode. He found that he could maintain several hundred thousand volts per centimeter between them. He also found that the Hydrogen lines emitted by these canal rays were split into polarized components.第9頁，共10頁，2022年，5月20日，0點32分，星期三Johannes Stark won t

11、he Nobel Prize for his demonstration of the Stark Effect.When Stark aimed his spectroscope at the region between the electrodes from the side, he found the transverse effect where spectral lines were split into symetrically polarized components on the right and left of the original line. Separation

12、between these components varied linearly with electric field strength, the linear Stark effect. If the field is strong enough, you can also see the quadratic Stark effect in which the separation varies with the square of the applied electric field. With a different arrangement of electrodes, Stark a

13、lso observed the longitudinal effect parallel to the electric field. Each Balmer line was separated into a number of components. That number increased with the serial number of the line so that the red H line is split into the smallest number (9). Observing perpendicular to the field some of the components seen are polarized parallel to the field while others are polarized perpendicular to the