外研版高中英語必修四Module4Greatscientists語法學案含答案

1、文檔根源為:從網絡采集整理.word版本可編寫.支持.必修四模塊4語法教案課題教課目的教課要點教課難點GreatScientists課時1課時1.Revisesomelanguagepoints.2.LearnmoreaboutGrammarofthemodule.3.LearntousethisGrammar.RevisionofpassivevoiceDealwithsomeimportantexercisesaboutit.講堂導學被動語態(tài)復習Revisionofpassivevoice(一)語態(tài)分類英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)，主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的履行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語

2、是動作的承受者。如：Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主動)Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.(被動)漢語中常用“被”、“給”、“由”、“受”等詞用來表示被動，而英語用：be+過去分詞組成。(二)被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)、人稱和數的變化主要表此刻be的變化上，其形式與系動詞be的變化形式完整同樣,列表以下：一般此刻時am/is/are+done一般過去時was/were+done一般未來時Shallwill+be+done此刻進行時am/is/are+being+done過去進行時was/were+being+done過去未來時S

3、hould/would+be+done此刻達成時Has/have+been+done過去達成時Had+been+done注被動語態(tài)沒有未來進行時和過去未來進行時。(三)被動語態(tài)常用的八種時態(tài)一般此刻時Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthestates._(改為被動)Theschooldoesntallowustoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.We_enterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.(被動)一般過去時Hehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandintere

4、sting.Andthestudentsdidntforgethislessonseasily.Hehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandhislessons_.一般未來時1文檔根源為:從網絡采集整理.word版本可編寫.支持.Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea.Cars_abroadbysea.Theywillgiveplentyofjobstoschool-leavers.Plentyofjobs_school-leavers.過去未來時Themanagersaidtheywouldcompletetheprojectbyth

5、eendoftheyear.Themanagersaidtheproject_此刻進行時TheradioisbroadcastingEnglishlessons.Englishlessons_過去進行時Thistimelastyearwewereplantingtreeshere.Trees_此刻達成時Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetmightbeputoff.I_thesportsmeetmightbeputoff.過去達成時Peoplehadconsideredhimtobeagreatleader.He_含有神態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)含有神態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)是由“神態(tài)動詞

6、+be+及物動詞的過去分詞”組成。e.g.Theteachersaid,“Youmusthandinyourcompositionsafterclass.”Theteachersaid,“Yourcompositionsmustbehandedinafterclass.”Hecanwriteagreatmanyletterswiththecomputer.Agreatmanyletters_(四)被動語態(tài)的使用1.當不知道或沒有必需指出動作的履行者時，常用被動語態(tài)，這時常常不用by短語。“Mr.White,thecupwithmixturewasbrokenafterclass.”(不過告訴老

7、師杯子壞了，不知是誰弄壞的，或不想說出誰弄壞的)。2.突出或重申換作的承受者，假如需要說出動作的履行者，用by短語。TheserecordsweremadebyJohnDenver.ThecupwasbrokenbyPaul.3.當漢語句子的主語既不是動作的履行者，也不是動作的承受者時，這經常用in+名詞作狀語，而取代by短語。ThesecarsweremadeinChina.15,000carswillbeproducedeachyearinthenewfactory.英譯漢：_(五)主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法把主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語。把主動語態(tài)的謂語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的be+過去分詞，時

8、態(tài)要與原句保持一致。3.把主動語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語，放在被動語態(tài)里謂語動詞以后，by短語能夠省略。假如原句主語是地址名詞，在被動語態(tài)頂用in+地址名詞作狀語。如：Myauntinvitedmetoherdinnerparty.主語謂語賓語2(六)語態(tài)變換時所注意的問題1.把主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，主語保持一致。文檔根源為:從網絡采集整理.word版本可編寫.支持.Iwasinvited(bymyaunt)toherdinnerparty.主語謂語賓語Theschoolsetupaspecialclasstohelppoorreaders.Aspecialclasstohelppoorr

9、eaderswassetupintheschool.其謂語動詞的時態(tài)要與原句時態(tài)保持一致，其謂語動詞的數要與新Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.(正確)Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.(錯誤)2.含有雙賓語的主動句變被動句時，可分別將此中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個不動，一般變間接賓語為主語時比許多。Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.假如把直接賓語(指物)改為主語，則在間接賓語(指人)前加適合的介詞，如上句還能夠說

10、：Apresent_注意：一般在以下動詞后，常在間接賓語前用介詞to，如：bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell等。Themagazinewaspassedontome._Thecupwithmixture_(show)theclass._一般在以下動詞后，間接賓語前用介詞for,如：build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing等。Mothermademeanewskirt._有些既

11、不用to也不用for,依據動詞與介詞的搭配關系。PeopleallovertheworldknowtheGreatWall.TheGreatWallisknowntopeopleallovertheworld.(不用by短語)3.由動詞+介詞或副詞組成的短語動詞，要把它們作為整體看，即把它們當作一個及物動詞，介詞或副詞不行打開或遺漏。這種動詞有：不及物動詞+介詞，如:agreeto,askfor,laughat,operatedon,listento,lookafter,thinkof,talkabout等。Thepatientisbeingoperatedon._Theproblemisso

12、lved.Itneedntbetalkedabout._及物動詞+副詞：如：bringabout,carryout,findout,giveup,handin,makeout,passon,pointout,putaway,putoff,thinkover,turndown,workout,turnout等。他的懇求被拒絕了。_Thesportsmeetwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather._帶復合賓語(賓語+賓補)的動詞改為被動語態(tài)時，一般把主動構造中的賓語改為主語，而賓語補足語保存在謂語動詞后邊。如：Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean

13、.Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.注意：在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等動詞后作賓語補足語的動詞不定式都不帶to，但改成被動語態(tài)后都帶to，這時不定式為主語補足語，也就是說不定式作主語補足語不存在省略to的問題。Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.3文檔根源為:從網絡采集整理.word版本可編寫.支持.Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.注意：帶有復合賓語的句子，假如賓語補足語是名詞，變被動句時，應將賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，不要誤把賓語補足語的名詞作主語。如：Toma

14、toeswerefirsttakenbacktoEuropeandpeoplecalledthemloveapples._誤：Loveappleswerecalledthem.正：Theywerecalledloveapples.還有一種短語動詞由動詞+名詞+介詞組成，變被動語態(tài)有兩種形式，以下：1)Wetakegoodcareofthebooks.Thebooksaretakengoodcareof.Goodcareistakenofthebook.2)Youmustpayattentiontoyourpronunciation.Attentionmust_Yourpronunciation

15、_用于這種構造的短語動詞常有的有：catchsightof,makeuseof,payattentionto,setfireto,takecareof,takeholdof,takenoticeof,keepaneyeon等。6.當主動句的主語是nobody,noone等含有否認意義的不定代詞時，被動句中將其變?yōu)閍nybody,作by的賓語，并將謂語動詞變?yōu)榉裾J的被動語態(tài)。如：Nobodycananswerthisquestion.誤：Thequestioncanbeansweredbynobody.正：Thequestioncannotbeansweredbyanybody.當否認句中的賓語

16、是anything,anybody,anyone等不定代詞時，在被動句中應將其分別變?yōu)閚othing,nobody,noone作主語，并將謂語動詞變?yōu)橐欢ǖ谋粍诱Z態(tài)。如：Theyhaventdoneanythingtomaketheriverclean._-誤：Anythinghasntbeendonetomaketheriverclean.正：Nothinghasbeendonetomaketheriverclean.8.以who為主語開頭的疑問句，變被動時，用bywhom放在句首：Whowrotethestory誤：Whowasthestorywritten正：Bywhomwasthest

17、orywritten9.有些動詞既是及物又是不及物，當它們和well,badly,easily等副詞連用時，表示主語內在質量或性能，是不及物動詞，用主動表示被動，這時不用被動語態(tài)，常有的有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等。如：Theclothwasheseasily._Thenewproductsellswell._Thepenwritessmoothly._Thebookssellwell.(主動句)對照：Thebooksweresoldout.(被動句)Themeatdidntcookwell.(主動句)對照：Themeatwascookedforalon

18、gtimeoverlowheat.(被動句)以下狀況主動句不可以改為被動句：4文檔根源:從網采集整理.word版本可.迎下支持.第一，感官系一般用主形式表示被意如：feel，look,seem,taste,sound,remain等。Thefoodtastesdelicious.Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful.第二，是及物leave,enter,reach,suit,have,benefit,lack,own等。如：Heenteredtheroomandgothisbook.第三，一些不及物短沒有被，如：takeplace,breakout,belongto,losehe

19、art,consistof,addupto等。如：Thefirebrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.第四，不及物沒有被，如：rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie等。1)Whenwegottothetopofthemountain,thesunhadalreadyrisen.2)Aftertheearthquake,fewhousesremained.第五，是反身代，互相代，同源，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名等，不可以被句子的主，如：ItaughtmyselfEnglish.：MyselfwastaughtEnglish.Weloveeachoth

20、er.：Eachotherisloved.有一句子不出主，在英中一般可用被構表示，如：據Itissaidthat據Itisreportedthat據推Itissupposedthat希望Itishopedthat盡人皆知Itiswellknownthat廣泛Itisgenerallyconsideredthat有人建Itissuggestedthat1)Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.2)ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.高考接：1.Thechurchtowerwhichwi

21、llbeopentotouristssoon.Theworkisalmostfinished.A.hasrestoredB.hasbeenrestoredC.isrestoringD.isbeingrestored2.Thiscoastalareaanationalwildlifereservelastyear.A.wasnamedB.namedC.isnamedD.namesEveryyearafloodoffarmersarriveinShenzhenforthemoney-makingjobstheybeforeleavingtheirhometowns.A.promisedB.were

22、promisedC.havepromisedD.havebeenpromised4.YouvefailedtodowhatyoutoandImafraidtheteacherwillblame.youA.willexpectB.willbeexpectedC.expectedD.wereexpected5.InthespokenEnglishofsomeareasintheUS，the“r”soundsattheendofthewords_.AaredroppedBdropCArebeingdroppedDhavedropped：1.Itissaidthatanewrobot_byhimina

23、fewdays.A.designedB.hasbeendesignedC.willbedesignedD.willhavebeendesigned2.Wearelate.Iexpectthefilm_bythetimewegettothecinema.5文檔根源為:從網絡采集整理.word版本可編寫.支持.A.willalreadyhavestartedB.wouldalreadyhavestartedC.shallhavealreadystartedD.hasalreadybeenstarted3.Shewillstopshowingoffifnonotice_ofher.A.istaken

24、B.takesC.willbetakenD.hastakenDiamond_inBrazilin1971.A.isfoundB.hasbeenfoundC.wasfoundD.hadbeenfound5.“Haveyoumovedtothenewflat”“Notyet.Theroom_.”A.hasbeenpaintedB.ispaintedC.paintsD.isbeingpainted6.Mypictures_untilnextFriday.A.wontdevelopB.arentdevelopedC.dontdevelopD.wontbedeveloped7.Tim_sincehelo

25、sthisjobthreeweeksago.A.hadbeenunemployedB.wasunemployedC.hasbeenunemployedD.hasunemployed8.Agreatnumberofcollegesanduniversities_since1949.A.hasbeenestablishB.havebeenestablishedC.haveestablishedD.hadbeenestablished9.Illhavetopushthecartothesideoftheroadbecausewe_ifweleaveithere.A.wouldbefinedB.wil

26、lbefinedC.willbeingfinedD.willhavebeenfined“_twoticketsforthenewplayattheGrandTheatreonSaturday.ShallwegoandseeittogetherA.TheyhavebeengivenB.IhavebeengivenC.IamgivenD.Theyhavegiventome11.Thesubjectoftheselectures_bythelecturecommittee.A.isannouncedB.havebeenannouncedC.areannouncedD.hasbeenannounced12.Ifoundanaspirinbottle_droppedonthefloorofDavidsroom.A.wasB.hadC.hadbeenD.is13.Thegoods_whenwearrivedattheairport.A.werejustunloadingB.werejustbeenunloadingC.hadjustun