能源統(tǒng)計(jì)手冊(cè)

1、能源統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)問(wèn)手冊(cè)山西省煤礦節(jié)能監(jiān)測(cè)中心 93 局部石油制品的比重和重量體積換算(折合每一噸的量)品種比重升美國(guó)加侖英國(guó)加侖石油涌汽油0.7413513572978.50煤油0.8112353262727.77燃油0.8711493042537.23渣油0.9510532782326.62重柴油0.921087輕柴油0.871149燃油平均0.9110992902426.91(二)、通用單位各種能源在肯定條件下都可以轉(zhuǎn)化為熱。自然時(shí)，人們選用了各種能源所含的熱量作為統(tǒng)計(jì)計(jì)量的通用單位，焦耳J、卡calJcal103、106或其它整數(shù)倍，能源單位中常用縮寫(xiě)45因數(shù)4用于構(gòu)成十進(jìn)倍數(shù)和分?jǐn)?shù)單位的詞頭

2、詞頭名稱(chēng)詞頭符號(hào)1018艾可薩exaE1015拍它petaP1012太拉teraT109吉咖gigaG106兆megaM103千kiloK102百hectoh101十decada10-1分decid10-2厘centic因數(shù)詞頭名稱(chēng)詞頭符號(hào)10-3毫millim10-6微micro10-9納諾nanon10-12皮可picop10-15飛母托femtof10-18阿托attoa5 常用帶詞頭的能源單位帶詞頭的能源單位能源單位帶詞頭的能源單位Mt百萬(wàn)噸TW10Gt10億噸kWh千瓦小時(shí)MtceMWhGWh千千瓦小時(shí)Mtoe百萬(wàn)噸油當(dāng)量TWh10MW千千瓦mg毫克GW百萬(wàn)千瓦g微克能源單位7(GB

3、2586-91),這項(xiàng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定:“熱、功、能能源單位199111別特別領(lǐng)域外，不允許再使用非法定計(jì)量單位，因此政府機(jī)關(guān)、人民團(tuán)體、軍隊(duì)以及各企業(yè)、事業(yè)單位的公文、統(tǒng)計(jì)報(bào)表，從1986單位，我們?cè)谀茉唇y(tǒng)計(jì)工作中必需認(rèn)真貫徹國(guó)家有關(guān)規(guī)定。(三)、折算標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤系數(shù)度中規(guī)定了各類(lèi)能源折算標(biāo)準(zhǔn)系數(shù)6不出準(zhǔn)確的數(shù)值，只能承受一些參考數(shù)據(jù)。能源品種平均低位發(fā)熱量6能源折算系數(shù)表實(shí)測(cè)或參用折標(biāo)系數(shù)原煤5000(kcal/kg)20908(kJ/kg)0.7143(kgce/kg)洗精煤6300(kcal/kg)26344(kJ/kg)0.9000(kgce/kg)洗中煤2022(kcal/kg)8363(kJ/

4、kg)0.2857(kgce/kg)焦炭6800(kcal/kg)28435(kJ/kg)0.9714(kgce/kg)原油10000(kcal/kg)41816(kJ/kg)1.4286(kgce/kg)汽油煤油10300(kcal/kg)10300(kcal/kg)43070(kJ/kg)43070(kJ/kg)1.4714(kgce/kg)1.4714(kgce/kg)柴油10200(kcal/kg)42652(kJ/kg)1.4571(kgce/kg)重油 氣自然氣 電力泥炭油10000(kcal/kg)12022(kcal/kg)11000(kcal/kg)9310(kcal/kg)

5、 4300(kcal/kg) 當(dāng)量值860(kcal/kg) 等價(jià)值2828(kcal/kg)按熱焓計(jì)算2022-3000(kcal/kg)1500-2500(kcal/kg)8000(kcal/kg)41816(kJ/kg)50179(kJ/kg)46055(kJ/kg)38931(kJ/kg)17981(kJ/kg)實(shí)測(cè)或參用3600(kJ/kg)11838(kJ/kg)8374-12560(kJ/kg)6280-10467(kJ/kg) 33453(kJ/kg)1.4286(kgce/kg)1.7143(kgce/kg)1.5714(kgce/kg)1.3300(kgce/kg)0.61

6、43(kgce/kg)折標(biāo)系數(shù)0.1229(kgce/kg)0.4040(kgce/kg)0.03412(kgce/kg)0.1429(kgce/kg) 0.2857-0.357(kgce/kg) 1.1429(kgce/kg)笨重10000(kcal/kg)41816(kJ/kg)1.4286(kgce/kg) 的發(fā)熱值。如不具備實(shí)測(cè)條件，可承受煤礦發(fā)貨單上的單位重量發(fā)熱值，或參照煤炭部 1979 年煤炭質(zhì)量規(guī)格及出廠價(jià)格中的發(fā)熱量計(jì)算。條件實(shí)測(cè)，可參照表 7 數(shù)值計(jì)算。通常，燃?xì)獾慕y(tǒng)計(jì)單位取kcal/m3，生物質(zhì)能取kcal/kg。能源種類(lèi)氣田氣 能源種類(lèi)氣田氣 煤礦瓦斯 焦?fàn)t煤氣 焦炭制

7、氣 壓力氣化煤氣 水煤氣生物質(zhì)能平均發(fā)熱量8500(kcal/m3)9300(kcal/m3)3500-4000(kcal/m3)4300(kcal/m3) 3900(kcal/m3) 1250(kcal/m3) 3600(kcal/m3) 4600(kcal/m3) 8500(kcal/m3)2500(kcal/m3)折標(biāo)系數(shù)1.214(kgce/m3)1.329(kgce/m3)0.5-0.571(kgce/m3)0.614(kgce/m3) 0.557(kgce/m3) 0.179(kgce/m3) 0.514(kgce/m3) 0.657(kgce/m3) 1.214(kgce/m3)

8、0.357(kgce/m3)人糞4500(kcal/kg)0.643(kgce/kg)牛糞3300(kcal/kg)0.471(kgce/kg)豬糞3000(kcal/kg)0.429(kgce/kg)羊、驢、馬、騾糞3700(kcal/kg)0.529(kgce/kg)雞糞4500(kcal/kg)0.643(kgce/kg)大豆稈、棉花稈3800(kcal/kg)0.543(kgce/kg)稻稈3000(kcal/kg)0.429(kgce/kg)麥稈3500(kcal/kg)0.500(kgce/kg)玉米稈3700(kcal/kg)0.529(kgce/kg)雜草3300(kcal/k

9、g)0.471(kgce/kg)樹(shù)葉3500(kcal/kg)0.500(kgce/kg)薪柴4000(kcal/kg)0.571(kgce/kg)沼氣5000(kcal/kg)0.714(kgce/m3)23查出熱焓值減去給水或回水熱焓值，乘以鍋爐實(shí)際出力蒸汽量或熱水量計(jì)算出熱量。如無(wú)條件計(jì)8確定壓力/MPa t/確定壓力/MPa t/0C020300.10.51.01.52.03.04.05.06.07.04050607080901001100.10.50.10.51.084.084.384.8125.126.126.816167.167.168.593209.209.210.371251

10、.251.251.259293.293.293.148335.335.335.037377.377.377.147-419.4419.7-461.6462.01.52.03.04.05.16.17.185.285.786.787.688.689.590.4127.0127.5128.4129.3130.2131.0132.0168.8169.2170.1171.0171.9172.7173.6210.6211.0211.8212.7213.6214.4215.3252.3252.7253.6254.4255.3256.1256.9294.2294.6295.4296.2297.0297.829

11、8.6336.1336.5337.3338.1338.8339.6340.4378.0378.4379.2380.0380.7381.5382.3420.1420.5421.2422.0422.7423.5424.2462.3462.7463.4464.1464.8465.6466.4504.6505.0505.7506.4507.1507.8508.5547.1547.5548.2548.8549.5550.2551.0絕對(duì)溫度附表2飽和水與飽和蒸汽表(按壓力排列)120-130-503.120-130-503.9546.5504.3546.8壓液體蒸汽液體蒸汽潛熱力液體蒸汽pt hhSS/

12、MPa/0C/m3kg-1/m3kg-1/kJkg-1/kJkg-1/kJkg-1K-1)K-1)0.18827488274301.1184.0.00110.177006331391.2187.0.00110.16399.63434343460.1104.0.00101.42828147690.1109.0.01051.2374321300.1113.0.00101.09163254770.1116.0.00100.977893579750.2120.0.00100.885023608920.3133.0.00100.605054735860.4143.0.00100.462062839420

13、.5151.0.00100.374085928810.6158.0.00110.315084009560.7164.0.00110.272096082740.8170.0.00110.240042150300.9175.0.00110.214036213840.00101.6940.00110.194417.51 2675.72258.21.30277.36081.36097.29961.30277.36081.36097.29961.41097.28401.45507.20321.49447.16381.53017.12861.67176.99301.77646.89661.86046.82

14、151.93086.75981.99186.70742.04576.66182.09416.62122.13826.58472.17866.55152.21606.5210458.42 2690.82232.4475.38 2696.82221.4490.70 2702.12211.4504.70 2706.92202.2561.40 2725.52164.1604.70 2738.52133.8640.10 2748.52108.4670.40 2756.42086.0697.10 2762.92065.8720.90 2768.42047.5742.60 2773.02030.4762.6

15、0 2777.02022.4781.10 2780.42022.309638620096386201.3191.0.00110.151814.702786.01971.32.25096.4927確定壓力p/MP確定壓力p/MPa比容焓值溫度液體t/0C /m3kg-1蒸汽 /m3kg-1液體h/kJkg-1蒸汽h/kJkg-1/kJkg-1熵值液體SK-1)蒸汽SK-1)3.064556.18323.572536.12184.079676.0670060438060438121.4195.0.00110.140004489721.5198.0.00110.131028538651.6201.0

16、.00110.123037586681.7204.0.00110.116030633611.8207.0.00110.110010678311.9209.0.00110.10407972264830.102788.41958.32.28366.4665844.702790.41945.72.31446.4418853.602792.21933.62.34366.4187871.802793.81922.02.37126.3967884.602795.11910.52.39766.3759896.802796.41899.62.42276.3561233.0.00120.066 1008.4 2

17、801.91793.52.8416362242.0.00120.057 1049.8 2801.31751.52.5434502250.0.00120.049 1087.5 2799.41711.92.3352174附表3過(guò)熱蒸汽焓值(kJkg-1)表確定壓力/MPa0.50.60.70.80.91.01.21.41.6t/0C20028542849284428392833282728162803-220289628912887288328782874286528552844230291629122908290429002896288928802870240293729332929292629

18、222918291229042895250295829542950294829442940293529282919260297929752972296929652962295829512943270299929962993299029862984298029742967280302030173014301130083005300229962990290304130383035303230303026302430193013300306230593056305430513048304630413035310308330803078307530723070306630613057320301431

19、013099309630933091308630803075330312531223120311831143112310831023098340314631433141313931363134312931253120350316731643162316031583156315131473142360318831853183318131793177317331693164370320932063204320232003198319431913186380323032283226322432223220321632133209390325132493247324632443242323832343

20、231400327232703268326732653263326032563253壓力/MPa確定1.82.02.22.43.03.23.44.04.2t/0C22028332821-23028582848-24028842875-250299129032894 2885-260293429182920 2912-270296029532945 2938 291429062897-280298329772970 2963 294229342927-290300730012994 2988 296829622955-300303030243018 3012 29942986298229622955310305230473042 3036 30193014300829902983320307530703065 3060 30443039303330163016330309530923088 3083 30683063305830423037340311931153110 3006 30923087308330683063350314