全國2011年1月高等教育現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)自考試題

1、全國 2011 年 1 月自學(xué)考試 現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)試題課程代碼： 00830I . Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completesthe statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets. (2%10=20% )1.There is a difference between what we know, which is our linguisticcomp

2、etence, and how we use this knowledge inactual speech production and_, which is our linguistic performance. ()A. creationB. communicationC. comprehensionD. perception2.The sounds that begin and end the words church and judge are voiceless and voiced _,respectively. ()A. affricatesB. stopsC. velarsD.

3、 palatals3.Morphemes whichrepresent such grammatical categories as number,tense, gender, and case are called_morphemes. ()A. freeB. boundC. derivationalD. inflectional4.XP may contain more than just X. Phrases that are formed of more than one word usually contain head, _andcomplement. ()A. modifierB

4、. determinerC. qualifierD. specifier5._ is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form while _ deals with the relationship betweenthe linguistic element and non-linguistic world of experience. ()A. Reference, senseB. Sense, referentC. Sense, referenceD. Referent, sense6.According to J

5、ohn Austin s theory of speech act, a(n) _act is the act of expressing the speaker s intention.()A. prelocutionaryB. locutionaryC. illocutionaryD. perlocutionary7.Sound changes may include the loss of a sound or sounds. Theso-called apocope refers to the omission of a vowelsegment_. ()A. in word-init

6、ialB. in word-middleC. in word-finalD. in syllable-initial8.In contrast to Standard American English, Black English is the distinct variety of English native to black populations in第 1頁the USA. We regard Black English as_. ()A. a regional dialectB. a social dialectC. a situational dialectD. an ethni

7、c dialect9. Among the language centers, _is responsible for physical articulation of utterances. ()A. the motor areaB. Broca s areaC. Wernicke s areaD. the angular gyrus10. The language at _ stage begins to reflect the distinction between sentence-types, such as negative sentences,imperatives, and q

8、uestions. ()A. prelinguisticB. one-wordC. two-wordD. multiwordDirections: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given.( 1% 10=

9、10% )11.Ais one of the defining properties of human language, which means there is in general no natural relationbetween meanings and sounds.12.Among the three branches of phonetics, the study of the physical properties of the streams of sounds produced in speechis known as aphonetics.13.In usingthe

10、 morphological rules, we must guard against oin that different words may requiredifferentaffixes to create the same meaning change.14.UniversalGrammar is a set of principlesand pof grammar which,according to Chomsky, isinheritedgenetically by all human beings.15.The synonyms such as economical, thri

11、fty,and stingy are different in their emeaning.16.Most of the violations of the four maxims under the Cooperative Principle give rise to conversational i.When there is a need to reduce ambiguity and increase communicative clarity or expressiveness, then rule e occurs.18.A pidgin is a mlanguage devel

12、oped as a medium of trade, or through other extended but limited contact,between groups of speakers who have no other language in common.19.The localization of cognitive and perceptual functions in a particular hemisphere of the brain is called 1.20.Language acquisition is concerned with language de

13、velopment in humans. Generally speaking, it refers to children sdevelopment of their flanguage.Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain

14、why you think so. ( 2% 10=20% )21. () “ Theres a motorcycle coming is seen as, out of context, a statement that a motorcycle is coming. But in a第 2頁particular context, it might be a warning to a pedestrian not to step onto a road. When the study of meaning is considered inthe context of use, it beco

15、mes a branch of linguistics called pragmatics.22 ()To distinguish between phonemes and phones， linguists use slashes for phonetic segments and squarebrackets for phonemic segments 23 ()Prefixes modify the meaning of the stem and also change the part of speech of the original word 24 ()In addition to

16、 sentences and clauses ，a syntactic category usually refers to a 1exical category or a phrasalcategory that performs a particular grammatical function 25 ()The word“ flower ”and “flour ”，which are identical in sound ，but different in spelling and meaning ，arehomophones26 ()As the process of communic

17、ation is essentially a process of conveying meaning in a certain context ，pragmatics can be regarded as a kind of meaning study.27 ()The meaning representation of words may change ，becoming broader, narrower, or shifted The word knightonce meant “ youth”，but was elevated in meaning in the age of chi

18、valry ；When Juliet tells Romeo ，“ Im too fond.” Sheis not claiming she likes Romeo too much She means“ I am too foolish ”These are two examples of semantic broadening 28 () In sociolinguistics ， speech community refers to a group of speakers who constitute a community and sharethe same language or a particular varietyof language Speakers ofEnglish in general might be treated as such acommunity.29 ()Generally speaking ，the left hemisphere of the brain controls voluntary movements of, and responds to signalsfrom ， the right side of the body 30 ()The optimum age f