新人教版必修3-：Unit4-Space-Exploration-Discovering學(xué)案

1、PAGE 6 -Unit 4Space ExplorationDiscovering Useful Structures動詞不定式作定語和狀語1. Some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space. 2. On 12 April, 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space. 3. First of all, you must be intelligent enough to

2、get a related college degree. 分析上面的句子: 句1和句 2中黑體部分是動詞不定式作定語; 句3中黑體部分是動詞不定式作狀語。一、動詞不定式作定語1. 動詞不定式作定語常放在名詞或不定代詞后面作后置定語, 表示尚未發(fā)生的動作。*Let us give him something to eat. 讓我們給他一些吃的東西。*We have much homework to do tonight. 今晚我們有很多作業(yè)要做。2. 名詞前有first, last, next, only等詞以及最高級修飾時, 其后要用動詞不定式。*She was the first woma

3、n to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. 她是第一個在奧運會中贏得金牌的女性。3. 抽象名詞attempt, ability, chance, desire, determination, decision, plan, way或不定代詞something, nothing等后面常用不定式作后置定語。*But Janis Adkins has the ability and desire to do useful work. 但是詹尼斯阿德金斯有能力和愿望去做有用的工作。4. 當名詞與定語之間存在動賓關(guān)系時。*I usually have a

4、lot of meetings to attend. 我通常有很多會議要參加。*She is a nice person to work with. 她是一個很好的合作伙伴。5. 當名詞與定語之間存在主謂關(guān)系時。*We must find a person to do the job. 我們必須找到一個人來做這項工作。*We need someone to go and get a doctor. 我們需要有人去請醫(yī)生。6. 當名詞與定語有同位關(guān)系時。*We got the order to leave the city. 我們接到了離開這個城市的命令。 語法填空。(1) The airpor

5、t to be completed (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. (2) Do you have anything to do(do) tonight? (3) The best way to improve (improve) your English is to join an English club. 二、動詞不定式作狀語動詞不定式在句中作狀語, 主要用來修飾動詞和形容詞, 也可用來修飾副詞。在句中, 不定式可作目的狀語、原因狀語、結(jié)果狀語、條件狀語等, 可表示目的、原因及結(jié)果等。1. 目的狀語

6、, 置于句首或句末, 置于句首時常表示強調(diào)。為加強語氣, 常與in order或so as 組成短語。*A group of young people got together to discuss this question. 一群年輕人聚在一起討論這個問題。*In order to help him, we would do everything we can. 為了幫助他, 我們將盡我們所能。 不定式作目的狀語(1)不定式作目的狀語時, 其動作通常遲于謂語動詞的動作。*I said that to encourage him. 我這么說是為了鼓勵他。(2)置于句首時只用to do / i

7、n order to do。如用于表示否定, in order 或 so as不能省略, 用 in order not to do 或 so as not to do形式。*I walked quietly so as not to disturb the baby. 我安靜地走路, 以免打擾嬰兒。(3)不定式作目的狀語可轉(zhuǎn)換為 so that / in order that 或 so. . . that . . . 引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句。*He worked very hard to pass the exam. He worked so hard that he could pass the

8、 exam. He worked hard so that/in order that he could pass the exam. 他非常努力以便能通過考試。2. 原因狀語, 多見于“sb. +be+adj. +to do. . . ”結(jié)構(gòu)中。*I was very sad to hear the news. 聽到這個消息我很難過。3. 結(jié)果狀語, 多見于“too. . . to”; “enough to. . . ”; only to do(表示意料之外的結(jié)果的發(fā)生); so/such. . . as to(意為“如此以至于”)結(jié)構(gòu)中。* Im too tired to do well.

9、 我太累了做不好。*He is old enough to go to school. 他到上學(xué)的年齡了。*He rushed back, only to find the book missing. 他沖了回來, 卻發(fā)現(xiàn)書不見了。* She is so proud as to look down upon others. 她太驕傲了, 看不起別人。4. 獨立動詞不定式多用作插入語, 表示說話人的心理狀態(tài)或?qū)κ虑榈目捶ā?Id like to stay healthy, but to be honest, I only eat food that tastes good. 我想保持健康, 但說

10、實話, 我只吃味道好的食物。 現(xiàn)在分詞與不定式作結(jié)果狀語的區(qū)別(1)動詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語強調(diào)的是一種意想不到的結(jié)果。*Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only to find it didnt fit. 她焦急地從包裹中取出裙子, 然后試穿了一下, 結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)它不合身。(2)現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語強調(diào)的是一種順承的, 必然造成的結(jié)果。*His father passed away, leaving him a little money. 他的父親去世了, 只給他留了一小部分錢。 語法填空。(1)To

11、work out(work out) the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times. (2)To learn(learn) more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course. (3)He hurried to the station only to find (find) the train had left. (4)(2018全國卷)We trav

12、el on Day 2 to northern France to visit (visit) the World War battlefields. (5)(2018全國卷) When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find (find) them alive. (6)(2018全國卷) Join us to taste (taste) a variety of fresh local food and drinks. 【知識延伸】動詞不定式作主語、表語和賓語1. 不定式作主語, 表示具體的某次動作。

13、若不定式結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜, 常用it 作形式主語, 真正的主語放在句子的后面。*To do morning exercises is useful for our health. 做早操對我們的健康有益。*Its important for us to learn English well. 學(xué)好英語對我們來說很重要。2. 不定式作表語, 表示將來的情況, 說明主語的內(nèi)容。其主語常常是wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, job等表示意向、打算、計劃的詞。*His dream is to be a doctor. 他的夢想是成為一名醫(yī)生。*My work is to c

14、lean the room every day. 我的工作是每天打掃房間。3. 不定式作賓語, 常跟在某些動詞后。(1)不定式作賓語的動詞的記憶口訣: 決心學(xué)會選計劃, 拒絕答應(yīng)想假裝; 主動設(shè)法愿希望, 同意請求幫一幫; 準備威脅易聲稱, 渴望申請敗躊躇。其對應(yīng)的動詞分別為: decide/determine, learn, choose, plan, refuse, promise, want/attempt, pretend, offer, manage, expect/wish/hope, agree, ask/beg, help, prepare, threaten, tend, c

15、laim, desire/long, apply, fail, hesitate。(2)若不定式結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜, 通常用 it 作形式賓語, 真正的賓語放在句子的后面, 該用法常見的動詞有think, find, make, believe, consider, suppose, feel等。*He cant afford to buy the expensive car. 他買不起那輛昂貴的汽車。*I think it useful to learn a foreign language. 我認為學(xué)習(xí)一門外語是有用的。*I feel it my duty to say that you are

16、 wrong. 我覺得我有責任說你錯了?！狙a償訓(xùn)練】語法填空。(1)She had agreed to go(go) and see a movie with him. (2)The man downstairs found it difficult to get (get) to sleep. (3) My ambition is to work(work) for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up. (4)He prefers to eat(eat) white bread and rice. 李華正在和同學(xué)張青談?wù)?/p>

17、他的宇航員夢想, 請根據(jù)語境和提示完成對話。Zhang: I 1. am delighted to know (很高興得知)you are interested in the space exploration. Li: Indeed, Id like to be an astronaut in the future. Zhang: Sounds good. 2. To become an astronaut(要想成為一名宇航員), you need to satisfy the requirements of a qualified astronaut. Li: Yes. First of all, I should study hard 3. to get a related college degree(為了得到一個相關(guān)的大學(xué)學(xué)位). Besides, I must take exercise