2013版理工課件新lecture2endo

1、Lecture2Endocrine SystemWhat ocrineLecture2Endocrine SystemWhat ocrineMechanismsofhormoneRegulationofendocrineThecentralendocrinePituitaryPineal1.WhatConsistsofductlessocrinetsecrete lizedglands:1.WhatConsistsofductlessocrinetsecrete lizedglands:gland,adrenalglands, Endocrineilamus,eeleptin),estinal

2、InsulinotrophicPeptide) 21.Whatisendocrine ChemicalClassificationof1.Whatisendocrine ChemicalClassificationof Smallpeptides:TRH(GluHisPro),vasopressin-Proteins:insulin,growthGlycoproteins-Longpolypeptides(100KD)boundto1or more carbohydrate groups (FSH and LH).-derivedfromtyrosine-hydrophobichormones

3、derivedfrom32.MechanismsofhormoneTheeffects2.MechanismsofhormoneTheeffectsofhormonesaremediatedspecifichormone heThelocationofthehormonereceptordependson the chemical nature of the hormoneReceptorsforhydrophilichormonesareoncell surface membrane.Receptorsforhydrophobicormonesare racellular (nuclear

4、or cytoplasmic)42.MechanismsofhormoneThe action of hydrophilic hormones is mediatedbyreceptors2.MechanismsofhormoneThe action of hydrophilic hormones is mediatedbyreceptorsoncellsurface(I)G-protein-linked:activatesecondpathway orCa+)orionIon-channel-linked:mostlyforneuropeptide Enzyme-linked:Mostare

5、proteinkinases(e.g.insulin receptor is a receptor tyrosine kinase)52.Mechanismsofhormone2.MechanismsofhormoneTheactionofhydrophobichormonesmediatedmainlybynuclearreceptors73.Regulationofendocrine1)RespondtoernalandNegativeitivefeedbackandfeed3.Regulationofendocrine1)RespondtoernalandNegativeitivefee

6、dbackandfeedNeuroendocrinereflexes(thesecretionnephrineadrenalmedullaisunderthecontrolofnervousDiurnalrhythms(cortisolesensitivity2.2)melanin,growthhormone,e transcriptioncofactors(co-repressorsandco-3)Hormonebindingtoplasmaproteins,metabolismand excretion (next slide)83.Regulationof3.Regulationofen

7、docrineBinding to plasma proteins, hormone metabolism and excretionregulatesconcentrationofactivehormones93.Howthefunction ofendocrinesystemisEndocrinedisordersresultmostlyfromecretionorhypersecretionof3.Howthefunction ofendocrinesystemisEndocrinedisordersresultmostlyfromecretionorhypersecretionofaD

8、ue to heredity, dietary deficiency, immunologic factors Causescanbeprimary,orsecondary(duetothedeficiencyof another hormone ).- CanbetreatedbyHormoneReplacementost-Duetotumorsocrinegland,immunologicfactorsCausessobeprimaryoresLack of-Endocrinedysfunctionsoarisefromthecells toa hormone (Testicular fe

9、minization rotype II diab2)4.The centralendocrineThe4.The centralendocrineTheTheanteriorpituitary teriorpituitaryneal4.ThecentralendocrineAnatomyofthelamusandThe lamusforms thelowerlateralwallsandfloor4.ThecentralendocrineAnatomyofthelamusandThe lamusforms thelowerlateralwallsandfloorofthird tuitary

10、glandattachestothelamusbyinfundibulum.ItisstructurallyandfunctionallyoanteriorlobeteriorTheanterior lobe,腺垂體consists of glandularteriororneurohypophysis,consistsofneural4.Thecentralendocrine4.ThecentralendocrineTheanteriorpituitaryhormones-Trophic4.ThecentralendocrineTheanteriorpituitaryhormones-Tro

11、phicAdrenocorticotropichormone(ACTHorcorticotropin)stimulate adrenal cortex to produce corticosteroids4.ThecentralendocrineTheanteriorpituitaryhormones-TrophicAdrenocorticotropichormone(ACTHorcorticotropin)stimulate adrenal cortex to produce corticosteroidsThyroid-stimulatinghormone(TSHorthyrotropin

12、)-Stimulates thyroid to produce thyroxineLuteinizinghormone(LH)-Neededforovulation,formationcorpusluteuminfemales;StimulatestestestoFollicle-stimulatinghormone(FSH)-Requiredfordevelopmentof ovarianfolliclesin females(estrogen)andfor sperm Prolactin-lobulo-alveolargrowthofthemammaryandstimulateslacto

13、genesis(milkGrowthhormone(GHorsomatotropin)-promotegrowthesandessentialformetabolic4.Thecentralendocrine Regulationofanteriorpituitarysecretionlamusneuronsreleasingandinhibitinghormone t regulate the secretions ofthe4.Thecentralendocrine Regulationofanteriorpituitarysecretionlamusneuronsreleasingand

14、inhibitinghormone t regulate the secretions oftheanteriorpituitary(AP) The lamichormonestransportedtoAPthroughlamic-hypophysealsystem:bloodshewithcapillaries he Regulationofanteriorpituitarysecretionbylamicreleasingandinhibiting RegulationofanteriorpituitarysecretionbylamicreleasingandinhibitingThyr

15、otropin-releasinghormone(TRH)stimulateTSHCorticotropin-releasinghormone(CRH)-stimulateACTHGonadotropin-releasinghormone(GnRH)-stimulateFSHandGrowthhormone-releasinghormone(GHRH)-stimulateGH激激Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH-GHin)素Prolactin-releasing hormone Prolactin-inhibitinghormone(PIH)=4.

16、Thecentralendocrine RegulationoftheHormone4.Thecentralendocrine RegulationoftheHormoneadrenal/gonadal/thyroidAnteriorNegative The hormone Hormoneglandcanacton lamus andanteriorpituitarytothesecretionofreleasingstimulatingHormonee 4.Thecentralendocrine RegulationoftheAdrenal/gonadalaxisby 4.Thecentra

17、lendocrine RegulationoftheAdrenal/gonadalaxisbythehigherStressaffectsthetimingofDormitoryeffectmaybeduetoStressCRHACTH生理節(jié)奏的（作用及睡眠等節(jié)奏有關的Circadian Secretionofcortisolishighestduringsleepand decrease during wakefulness4.ThecentralendocrineAnterior pituitary hormone-Growth GrowtheffectsindirectlyviaIGF-

18、I- Stimulatethe4.ThecentralendocrineAnterior pituitary hormone-Growth GrowtheffectsindirectlyviaIGF-I- StimulatetheliverandotherestosecreteIGF- IGF-1stimulatesthegrowthhypelasiahypert-IGF-1stimulatesthelengtheningandthickeningofMetabolicEffects:directlyor etabolism:increasesaminoaciduptakeproteinCar

19、bohydratemetabolism:ainbloodglucosedecreasinguptakeofglucoseinperipheralesenhanceglucosehe Fatmetabolism:mobilizingfatstoreasenergystimulatingtriglyceridebreakdownandoxidationGrowthhormoneiscriticalforboneWhatisGrowthhormoneiscriticalforboneWhatisbonemadeinBoneOsteoblastsboneOsteoclasts細one Chondroc

20、ytesartilage collagen NervesandbloodsHowboneHowbonegrowslongerand4.ThecentralendocrineglandsAnteriorPituitaryhormone-GrowthHowbone4.ThecentralendocrineglandsAnteriorPituitaryhormone-GrowthHowbonegrowslongerandGrowthin osteoblast,-GH (mostly via IGF-1) stimulates osteoblast activityandtheproliferatio

21、nofchondrocytes,resultingthelengtheningof (growth plates).physealplatesGrowthin osteoblast, Co-ordinatedactivityofosteoblast(bonebuilder) and osteoclast (bone cracker) itiononouter,resorptiononinner GHstimulatesboneosteoblastsand4.ThecentralendocrineglandsAnteriorPituitaryhormone-GrowthControlofGrow

22、th4.ThecentralendocrineglandsAnteriorPituitaryhormone-GrowthControlofGrowthSecretionofgrowthhormonehighestduringsleepdecreasesduringExercise,highaminoacids,fattyacidsandlowincreaseGHGrowthhormonedeficiencyRobertPershingGrowthhormonesgigantismandHealth4.ThecentralendocrineOtherhormonesbesidesgrowthho

23、rmoneessentialThyroidhormone-permissive4.ThecentralendocrineOtherhormonesbesidesgrowthhormoneessentialThyroidhormone-permissiverole;theeffectofgrowth hormone manifest fully only when sufficient thyroidhormoneis（Insulin-likeGrowthinsulin-structurallyrelatedtoIGF.Alsopromoteprotein Androgen play impor

24、tant role in prepubertal growth速長期 spurtandstimulateproteinsynthesisThisroledependon the presence of GH; Responsible for mens musculaturedevelopment;promote theossificationphysealEstrogenprepubertalgrowthspurt;adultstimulatestheossificationofphysealplatesoasone4.Thecentralendocrineteriorpituitaryter

25、ior pituitary is an anatomicaland4.Thecentralendocrineteriorpituitaryterior pituitary is an anatomicalandfunctionalof lamus.Itstoresreleasesvasopressinthehatareproducedby 4.Thecentralendocrineglands-4.Thecentralendocrineglands-teriorpituitaryFunctionsofAntidiuretichormonePromotesH20retentionbystimul

26、atinginsertionaquaporikidneyHighconcentrationscausescontractionofarteriolar smooth muscle (Vasoconstriction).4.Thecentralendocrineglands-teriorpituitaryControlof4.Thecentralendocrineglands-teriorpituitaryControlofsecretionofThemajorcontrollamus-inducedreleaseADHis theinputlamusThelessimportantinputi

27、sthe decrease in blood volume andbloodre,detectedbyatrialvolume4.Thecentralendocrineglands-teriorpituitary4.Thecentralendocrineglands-teriorpituitaryFunction ofStimulatescontractionsoftheuterusduringinitiatedwhentheoxytocinconcentrationreachesacriticalStimulatescontractionsofthelveoliemilk-ejectionr

28、eflex(nextInvolvedinlove,Trust?(nextnextMechanoreceptorsinProlactin-inhibitinghormoneor prolactin-releasing hormoneNervousMechanoreceptorsinProlactin-inhibitinghormoneor prolactin-releasing hormoneNervousteriorAnteriorContractionthelialsurroundingMilkMilk4.Thecentralendocrineglands-teriorpituitaryhe

29、hormoneof4.Thecentralendocrineglands-teriorpituitaryhehormoneofLoveand Playarolemother-infantRelatedtomonogamous pairbondinprairie Oxytocinantagonistpreventpair Oxytocineteditiveemotionsinteriorpituitary Oxytocinreceptorteriorpituitary OxytocinreceptorisaGprotein-linked4.ThecentralendocrinenealAtinypine cone-dhe4.ThecentralendocrinenealAtinypine cone-dhecenterofSecretes melatonin which increases with darkness and peaksaftermiddlenight(2 Secretioniscontrolledbysuprachiasmaticnucleusofthe lamus,pacemakerofcircadian 4.Thecentralendocrine glandPinealSCN receives