英語名詞性從句教學(xué)案doc2

1、名詞性從句名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組。在句中作主語；賓語；表語和同位語。因此，主語從句；賓語從句；表語從句和同位語從句通稱為名詞性從句。第一節(jié)主語從句引導(dǎo)主語從句的連接詞有：that,whether,who,which,what,when,where,how,why等。Thatshewasinvitedtotheballmadeherveryhappy.Whetherhewillcometotheballhasnothingtodowithme.Whoeverwantstoseethefilmmaygetaticketfree.Whichteamwillwinthematchisstill

2、unknown.Whatinterestsyoudoesntinteresthim.Wheretheyhadstayedwasstillunknown.Whentheywillhaveameetinghasntbeendecided.注意：從句作主語謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。Whowillgoisnotimportant.2為了調(diào)治句子平衡，常用it作形式主語。Itisapitythathedidntcomeyesterday.ItsnecessarythateveryLeaguemember(should)taketheleadandworkwell.Itssuggestedthatamo

3、dernhotel(should)beputupatthefootofthehill.3陳述句部分的主語是從句時，其反意疑問句部分的主語用it.Howhebecameascientistisknowntousall,isntit?第二節(jié)賓語從句作動詞、介詞或形容詞賓語的從句。Ithink(that)youwilllikethepictures.Ifeelitimportantthattheyfinishtheirowntaskintime.Theyareworryingaboutwhethertheycangetthereintime.Youcanwriteaboutwhatevertopic

4、youcanthinkof.Areyousurewhatyouwilldonext?Imafraidthathewillfailintheexam.一從句三原：序；引。1.序：從句用述句序。Iwonderwhatheiswritingtomeabout但是：whatsthematter/wrong(with)序不.Theownercameuptoseewhatwasthematterwithme/whatwaswrongwithme2.：從句的與主句的保持一致。(1).若是主句的是一般在或一般將來，從句用它自己的。Ihearhewillcomebackinanhour.(2).若是主句的是一般

5、去，從句用相的去。ShesaidthathehadneverbeentotheGreatWall.(3).若是從句的內(nèi)容是客真理，從句依舊用一般在。Theteachertoldusthattheearthgoesaroundthesun./lighttravelsfasterthansound.3.引：（1）由that引（2）由if/whether引（3）由特別疑引二it在從句中的用：1.vt.+it+adj./n.+that-clause或wh-clause。Shehasmadeitclearthatshewillhavenothingtodowithhim.2.i)在主構(gòu)中，有一些上不以t

6、hat-clause或wh-clause從句直接作的，若是要接從句，常常需要在從句前加上形式it.ThenewspapershaveitthatsomeJapanesefirmshavegonebankrupt.有幾家日本公司已破Idonketliitwhenheisunhappy.有：have（表示，持）,take（）,hide（）,love,like，dislike,hate,enjoyetcii)在主構(gòu)中,若是是短，即+介，一般不能夠that接從句。若是接從句，必加上形式it.IwillanswerforitthatLaoMawillaccomplishthetask.我擔(dān)保老馬能完成這

7、項任務(wù)Looktoitthatyoumakenomoresimilarmistakes.注意今后你不再犯近似的錯誤了Iamcountingonitthatyouwillcome.我希望著你的到來這類動詞還有：dependon,seetoetc.某些固定搭配此后若是接that賓語從句,也必定使用作形式賓語it.Weoweittoyouthattherewasntaseriousaccident.此次事故沒造成嚴(yán)重的結(jié)果全靠你Ididntsendyouanitation,invasItookitforgrantedthatyouwouldbecoming.因為我認(rèn)為你自然會來,因此沒有給你發(fā)請柬三

8、否定的轉(zhuǎn)移當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine等表示看法的動詞時,賓語從句中謂語動詞的否定式,習(xí)慣上前移到主句的謂語動詞上.Idontthinkthathewillbebackuntilnine.2復(fù)雜疑問句/雙重疑問句特別疑問詞+doyouthink/believe/suppose/imagineetc+其他部分（陳述句語序）?Whodoyouguessthatgirlinredis?Whydoyouthinkwecantcutdownthebigtree?WehaventheardfromJaneforalongtime.-Whatdo

9、yousupposehashappenedtoher?Whodoyouimaginewillspeakatthemeetingtomorrow?3-Willtheybereadytomorrow?-Yes,Ithinkso.(Yes,Ithinkthattheywillbereadytomorrow)so用來取代某一些動詞(think,believe,suppose,imagine,hopeetc)后邊的that從句.-Willtheyattendthemeetingnextmonth?-No,Idontbelieveso(Ibelievenot)在取代否定看法，既能夠用so，也能夠用not.

10、但是：在hope和beafraid后在取代否定看法只能是not，不能夠是so.-Doyouthinkwellhavebadweather?-Ihopenot.-Haveyougotaworkpermit?-Imafraidnot.第三表從句含有表從句的復(fù)合句，其主句的主常常用fact,idea,opinion,problem,question,reason,result也許由what引起的主從句。引表從句接代也許接副除常用that以外,who,which,what,whether,when,where,why,how,because,as,asif/asthough等。如：Thechancei

11、sthatonesmokerinfourwilldiefromsmoking.WhatwewanttoknowiswhetheryourproductscameuptothestandardShenzhenisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.ThatswhereIcantagreewithyou.Thisishowtheyovercamethedifficulties.Itsoundsasif/thoughsomebodywasknockingatthedoor.注意：先果，后原因，用This/Thatisbecause先原因，結(jié)果，用That/Thisiswhy當(dāng)主是reaso

12、n，引表從句的接只能用thatHeisabsent.Thisisbecauseheisill.Heisill.Thatiswhyheisabsent.Thereasonwhyheisabsentisthatheisill.第四同位從句先行與接代也許接副的常的能夠跟同位從句的名有：fact,news,hope,belief,truth,message,word,idea,doubt,question,problem,reason,order,suggestion,等。引同位從句接代也許接副除常用that以外,who,which,what,whether,when,where,why,how等。如

13、：Ihavenoideawhetherhecanmanagetodothathimself.Ihavenoideawherehespentthenight.Heaskedmeaquestionwhichteamcouldwinthegame.ThequestionhowthestudentscouldimprovetheirspokenEnglishisveryimportant同位從句與定從句的區(qū)Hemadeadecisionthatsurprisedallofus.Hehasmadeadecisionthathewillsetupanewfactory.Hevisitedtheplacew

14、herehewasborn.Theproblemwheretheycouldfindsuchapersonwasnotmentioned.同位從句明名的詳盡內(nèi)容。that和whether只起接作用，不充當(dāng)任何成分，不能夠省略，也不能夠用which或if取代；其他的接在同位于從句中作句子成分，但不是指代前面的名，而是有自己疑意思。定從句明名的性、特色。分開同位從句當(dāng)主句的部分短，同位從句放在的后邊，省得重腳，句子不平衡。ThestorygoesthatWilliamTelldidkilltherulerwiththatarrow.Wordcamethatourteamhadwonthegame.

15、Informationhasbeenputforwardthatmoremiddle-schoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities第五名性從句幾點明what/that1.what在名性從句中平時作主、表或足。1)Whatishardistodogoodalloneslifeandneverdoanythingbad.Whatwasonceregardedaspossiblehasbowbecomeareality.Whatyousaymaywellbetrue.(“的西”；“的事情”；“的”；相當(dāng)于2)Aftertenyears,shechange

16、dalotandlookeddifferentfromthething(s)which/that;allthat)whatsheusedtobe.(“的人”相當(dāng)于thepersonthat)3)Thisiswhatthechildrencall就“是home孩子”稱.之“家”的地方Whatisnowtheprimaryschoolwasonceanoldtemple.在是小學(xué)的地方曾是一座古(“的地方”相當(dāng)于theplacethat)4)Afterwhatseemedaverylongtime,Iopenedmyeyesandfoundmyselfinbed!憂如了好一段后，我開雙眼，卻自己躺

17、在床上！Timesarentwhattheywere.代不相同了(“的”相當(dāng)于thetimethat）5)Yourmothershealthisnotwhatitusedtobe.(what相當(dāng)于thehealththat)6)Thepopulationisnowdoublewhatitwastenyearago.（what相當(dāng)于thenumberthat）Theypaidfiftypercentofwhattheywereabletoearntothestate.（what相當(dāng)于themoneythat）在名詞性從句中作定語。Dontworry.IwillgiveyouwhathelpIca

18、n別擔(dān)憂，我必然盡我所能幫你IlllendyouwhatfewreferencebooksIcanspare.我愿把我用不著的但為數(shù)不多的參照書全部借給你Wecontributedwhatlittlemoneywehadtowardstheearthquake-strickenarea.我們把為數(shù)不多的錢全部捐饋贈地震災(zāi)區(qū)用來表示比喻“AistoBwhatCistoD意思是”：“A對于B好像C對于D相同”Virtueistothesoulwhathealthistothebody.美德對于心靈好像健康對于人的身體Thepeopleistothepeoplesarmywhatwater人is民t

19、o軍fish隊.的離不開人民，就象魚離不開水相同2thatthat在名詞性從句中，沒有實在含義，不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起連接作用。解題思路：what和that的選擇看從句中可否缺少成分；看從句的意思可否完滿。Whathesaidatthemeetingsurprisedeveryonepresent.Thathesaidnothingatthemeetingsurprisedeveryonepresent.Theproblemiswhatweshoulddotoprotecttheearthfrombeingpolluted.Thefactisthatweshoulddosomethingtopr

20、otecttheearthfrombeingpolluted.2)that在主語從句、表語從句以及同位語從句中平時不能夠省略，也不能夠用which取代。that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時,that能夠省略。Ihope(that)wecanadaptourselvestothenewsituation.但是：i).在介詞此后不能省略。Sheknewnothingabouthisjourneybut/exceptthathewaslikelytobeawayforthreemonths.ii)兩個或更多的由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句并列時，僅可省略第一個連詞that。Hesaid(that)therewasnta

21、nytroubleandthathewaswaitingforhischange.Hesaid(that)hehadeatennothingbutthathewasnthungry.iii)that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中帶有主從復(fù)合句時，that平時不能省略。Dontyouknowthatwhathehasdoneisright?if/whether1.引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句時，平時用whether而不用if.Whetheritistrueremainsaproblem.Thequestioniswhetherhewillspeakatthemeeting.Iamindoubtwheth

22、erIshouldagreetotheplan.引從句i).當(dāng)從句是必然句,用if/whether都能夠。當(dāng)從句可否定句,只能用if。Couldyoutellusif/whetheritsnowsinwinterinAustralia?Idontcareifitdoesnsnowt.ii).介此后的從句只能用whether不用if.Whetherwellstartdependsonwhetheritllbefinetomorrow.iii).當(dāng)從句位于句首表示,不用if.Whetherheiscomingornot,Icanttell.iiii).注意以下構(gòu)：Idontknowiftheywi

23、llcomeornot()Idontknowwhethertheywillcomeornot()Idontknowifornottheywillcome.()Idontknowwhetherornottheywillcome()之，在名性從句中，if和whether只有在必然的從句中，才能夠替。whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever/nomatterwhat,nomatterwhich,nomatterwho,nomatterwhom1）whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever既能夠引步狀從句，又能夠引名性從句。Dontchangeyourplans,whatever(=nomatterwhat)happens.WhateverIhaveisyours.Imreadytodowhateverthepeoplewantmeto.2）nomatterwhat,nomatterwhich,nomatterwho,nomatte