高中英語真題：專題29閱讀表達、閱讀簡答天津

1、專題29閱讀表達、閱讀簡答（天津）【2017年高考命題預(yù)測】2009年，天津高考英語卷也采用了閱讀表達這一題型。這種題 型以閱讀理解為基礎(chǔ)，要求考生在讀懂文章的基礎(chǔ)上，用規(guī)定的 詞數(shù)簡要地回答有關(guān)問題；考查考生的英語表達能力和概括能 力，比傳統(tǒng)的閱讀理解題型更具綜合性和主觀性，更能體現(xiàn)對考 生的綜合語言運用能力的考查。所選用的閱讀材料題材、文體 與傳統(tǒng)的閱讀理解短文沒有太大的區(qū)別，多以故事和說明文為 主，長度一般為300詞左右，結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，通俗易懂。在問題設(shè)置上，閱讀表達題一般設(shè)有五個小題 （每小題2分），閱 讀簡答題則一般設(shè)有三個小題（每小題2分）。在形式上，閱讀表 達題相對豐富些，有填空和問

2、題簡答等，而閱讀簡答題則主要以 問題簡答為主?？疾榈姆较蚧旧峡煞譃樗拇箢悾阂皇窃~匯語義 類，要求考生從文中找到一個與所給生詞或短語意義最接近的替 換詞，考查學(xué)生聯(lián)系上下文理解詞義的能力；二是細(xì)節(jié)查找類，針 對文章某細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容提問，要求考生用規(guī)定的詞數(shù)回答問題；三是 主旨大意類，針對文章主旨提問，考查考生對文章中心思想或作 者態(tài)度、觀點等的把握；四是考生個人觀點類，問考生讀完文章 后對文中故事或人物的看法?？傊@種題型將答題主觀性與客觀性相結(jié)合，突出思維的開 放性,給考生提供廣闊的思維空間，能全面、客觀地考查考生“讀、寫、思”等方面的能力?！究键c定位】2017考綱解讀和近幾年考點分布從近幾年的

3、天津高考閱讀表達題來看，該題型的測試目的是從 多方位多角度考查考生通過閱讀獲取信息、處理信息并進行書 面表達的能力。比傳統(tǒng)的閱讀理解題型更具綜合性和主觀性， 更能體現(xiàn)對考生的 綜合語言運用能力的考查。其命題特點是：.閱讀表達的題材和體裁與傳統(tǒng)的閱讀短文沒有太大的區(qū)別， 文章長度大致相同或比傳統(tǒng)的閱讀短文略短，總閱讀量不會太 大（約 200300 詞）。.生詞量較大，有許多超“標(biāo)”詞匯，要求考生憑借上下文語境 及生活常識予以推測感知。.語篇意識和思維靈活性有所強化，文章的結(jié)構(gòu)層次性更強。閱讀表達題型具有多樣性，概括起來一般采用以下 7種形式:問題類 型常見問題主旨概 括What sthe bes

4、t title of the pas sage?What is the purpose of the writ er writing this passage?What sthe main idea of the pa ssage/article?填空Please fill in the blank in the pa ssage with a proper sentence / proper words or phrases.翻譯句 子Translate the underlined sente nce inthe paragraph into Chinese .同意句 替換Please f

5、ind out the sentence in the passage which can be repl aced by the following one.封閉性 問題Regular close-ended wh- questions based on the passa ge.開放性 問題What would you do if you ？What other suggestions would you give?How would you settle the probl em if you ？其他類型每年的高考題將會從以上的七種類型中選出五類，問題的順序也 會結(jié)合問題的信息點在文章中

6、出現(xiàn)的順序進行排列.其他類型的 題目屬于不確定題型，是根據(jù)文章題材和體裁的具體特點設(shè)計 的，與以上六種題型不同的問題類型.為了控制考生在該試題上 所花費的時間，在每一個需要考生回答的問題后面都有具體字?jǐn)?shù) 的要求(翻譯句子題除外).【考點pk名師考點透析高考題型:Fill in the blank in paragraph 3 with a propersentence.(withi n 10 words);Fill in the blank inparagraph 4 with proper words.( Please answer within 6words.)解題策略:整體理解，仔細(xì)推敲

7、，注意上下文的邏輯性，關(guān)注文中表示對比、轉(zhuǎn)折、遞進、并列、因果等關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞；分析句子結(jié) 構(gòu),用適當(dāng)單詞、短語或句子的正確形式填空；把握作者的思路, 簡練表達，切忌偏離主題、斷章取義；放回原文中檢查，確保上下 文連貫，語法正確?？键c三、翻譯句子該題型要求將短文中指定的句子翻譯成通順 的漢語。高考題型:You are perfectly within the bounds of politeness in responding to a marathon e-mail with a brief reply解題策略:分析把握句子結(jié)構(gòu)；遵循忠實通順的原則，表達完整;注 意英漢語序的差異，譯文要求符合

8、漢語表達習(xí)慣；翻譯關(guān)鍵詞；語 言簡練?？键c四、英文釋義該題型要求根據(jù)所給的英文釋義句子，在短文中尋找相同的句 子。此類試題較簡單，相當(dāng)于傳統(tǒng)閱讀理解中的轉(zhuǎn)換理解，答案 較固定。一般出題方式:Which sentence in the passage can breplaced by the follo wing one?例如:Which sentence in tpassage is the closest in meaning to th e following one?Tpossible existence of annoyance results fro m our inability

9、sort out e-mails.解題策略:通過上下文，整體理解所給句子；分析所給句子的結(jié) 構(gòu)、含義、實際用意；在文中找相同含義的句子；不能增加或減少,所找句子必須準(zhǔn)確、完整?？键c五、封閉型問題該題型要求學(xué)生結(jié)合文中某個問題進行解答。一般出題方式有 :Regular Wh-Questions based on thpassage. 例如:What advice is given in the last paragrap(within 10 words)( 2007年高考);List three activities thmight develop into addictions based o

10、n the text.(Please aswer within 8 words.)(2008 年高考) 解題策略:面對該類問題，學(xué)生可以結(jié)合文中的具體依據(jù)進行回 答，答案是固定的、唯一的?？键c六、開放型問題該題型要求學(xué)生結(jié)合個人的觀點、態(tài)度進 行表述。一般出題方式有:what would you do if you were.What do you think.?Which of.do you think is the best fyou,why?解題策略:面對該類題型，學(xué)生可以依據(jù)自己的看法結(jié)合原文理 解作出回答，注意揚長避短，避難就易?？键c七、其他題型除了上述較為常見的題型外，高考命題人員

11、還 有可能根據(jù)閱讀理解文章的題材和體裁設(shè)置其他題目。每年的高考題將會從以上的七種類型中選出五類，問題的順序 也會結(jié)合問題的信息點在文章種出現(xiàn)的順序進行排列。其他類型的題目屬于不確定題型，是根據(jù)文章題材和體裁的具體特點設(shè)計的與以上六種題型不同的問題類型。還有就是為了控制考生在該試題上所化肥的時間，在每一個需要考生回答的問題后面都有具體字?jǐn)?shù)的要求（翻譯句子和句子填空題除外）【三年高考】14、15、16年高考試題及其解析16年高考試題2016 天津春閱讀短文，按照題目要求用英語回答問題。Im a 34yearold man, married, live in a nice house, and ha

12、ve a successful career as an educational consultant. But my life was not always so great. I had a learning disability from an ea rly age. I went to a special school where I got plenty of extra h elp. Still, I suffered the rest of my school days in public school s.My life improved remarkably when I d

13、iscovered art. The art w orld gave me a chance to express myself without words. I we nt to a workshop and gradually got good at making things with clay（黏土). Here I learned my first important lesson: disabled as I wa s in language, I could still be smart and well express myself wi th clay. And my con

14、fidence came along.I got my next lesson from rock climbing. It was a fun thing but I was scared from the start. I soon noticed it wasnt a talent thi ng; it was practice. So I did it more. After about five years of cl imbing, I found myself in Yosemite Valley on a big wall. I learn ed that if you fal

15、l in love with something and do it all the time, you will get better at it.Later I decided to apply my previous experience to learning h ow to read and write. Every day I practised reading and writin g, which I used to avoid as much as possible. After two hard y ears, I was literate .Having gone thr

16、ough the long process with art, rock climbing, and reading and writing, now Ive got to a point in my life wher e I know I am smart enough to dive into an area that is totally unknown, hard, but interesting.What made the authors school days difficult? (No more t han 5 words)Why did art give the autho

17、r confidence? (No more than 1 0 words)What lesson did the author learn from rock climbing? (No more than 15 words)What is the meaning of the underlined part in Paragraph4? (No more than 5 words)How does the authors story inspire you to overcome diffi culties in life? Put it in your own words. (No mo

18、re than 20 wor ds)【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。雖然作者現(xiàn)在是一位成功的 教育顧問，但他從小就有學(xué)習(xí)障礙。他通過學(xué)習(xí)藝術(shù)、攀巖等 克服了困難。他也用那些方法去練習(xí)閱讀和寫作，結(jié)果獲得了 成功。作者從自己的經(jīng)歷中認(rèn)識到：只要自己下工夫，有決 心，就能克服困難。(His) learning disability.Or: Having a learning disability.Or: That he was learning disabled.Or: He had a learning disability.He could be smart and express himsel

19、f with clay.Or: Art could help him express himself without words.Or: He could well express himself with clay/art.If you enjoy something and keep doing it, you will get bett er at it.Or: The more you practise something, the better at it you will become.Or: Practice makes perfect.Or: Practice leads to

20、 success.I could read and write.We should not lose heart in the face of difficulties. If we w ork hard, we will find a way out.Or: The authors story tells me that I should be confident and practise hard to overcome difficulties in my life.Or: We should overcome our weaknesses and fears with cour age

21、 and determination.15年高考試題2015 天津春閱讀短文，按照題目要求用英語回答問題。Six days a week, up and down the red hills of northeast Geor gia, my grandfather brought the mail to the folks there. At age 68, he retired from the post office, but he never stopped servi ng the community.On his 80th birthday, I sent him a letter

22、, noting the things we all should be thankful for 一good health, good friends and good outcomes. By most meas urements he was a happy man. Then I suggested it was time for him to slow down. At long last, in a comfortable home, with a generous pension, he should learn to take things easy.“Thanlyou for

23、 your nice words , “ he wrote in his letter b ack, “and know what you meant, but slowing down scares m e. Life isnt having it made; its getting it made.”“Thfinest and happiest years of our lives were not whe n all the debts were paid, and all difficult experiences had pas sed, and we had settled int

24、o a comfortable home. No. I go ba ck years ago, when we lived in a threeroom house, when we got up before daylight and worked till after dark to make ends meet. I rarely had more than four hours of sleep. But what I sti ll cant figure outis why I never got tired, never felt better in my life. I gues

25、s th e answer is, we were fighting for survival, protecting and provi ding for those we loved. What matters are not the great mome nts, but the partial victories, the waiting, and even the defeats.Its the journey, not the arrival, that counts. ”The letter ended with a personal request: Boyon my next

26、 birthday, just tell me to wake up and get going, because I w 川 have one less year to do things 一 and there are ten million things waiting to be done. ”Christina Rossetti, an English poet, once said:Doedhe road wind uphill all the way? Yes, to the very end. ” Today, at 96, my_grandfather_is_still_on

27、_that_long_road,_climbing.What was the authors grandfather before he retired? (no more than 5 words)What did the author advise his grandfather to do in his lett er? (no more than 10 words)What is the grandfathers view on life according to his lette r back? (no more than 10 words)How do you understan

28、d the underlined sentence in the las t paragraph? (no more than 10 words)Do you agree with the grandfathers view on life? Give rea sons in your own words. (no more than 20 words)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Theii suggested it was time for him to slow down. “ 可知答 案。The process is more important than the result.Or: A

29、 man should not slow down however old he is.Or: Life isnt having it made; its getting it made./Its the journe y, not the arrival, that counts.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“ Lifent having it made ;its getting it made.” 和第四段的“ Itshe journey, not the arrival, that counts. ” 可知祖父認(rèn)為過程 比結(jié)果重要。My/His/The grandfather is stil

30、l busy doing meaningful thin gs.Or: The grandfather is still living an active life.Or: The grandfather is still involved in whatever he can do.句意理解題。綜合上文內(nèi)容可知祖父一直在堅持做有意義的事 情。Yes. One should always be full of passion in his life no ma tter how old he is.Or: People should make full use of their time to

31、 do something meaningful.No.It is more sensible for people to slow down and enjoy an e asy life in their old age.Or: Slowing down contributes to better health and longer life f or people in old age.觀點態(tài)度題。可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮，敘述合理即可。2014年高考試題2014 天津卷閱讀短文，按照題目要求用英語回答問題。Last December, Doris Low turned 90. Once a week

32、 she still dr ives to the Canadian National Institute for the Blind (CNIB) in Toronto, where she helps transform literature into braille( 盲 文)to bring the power of story and knowledge to the hearts an d minds of blind readers. She has been volunteering her time and talents to such enterprises for mo

33、re than 40 years.After working in the business world for a while, Low got fed up .So she turned to teaching at a technical school and later mo ved into the library.Lows mother liked reading. As her eyes began to fail, Low re ad to her. Then “hearingan advertisement encouraging people to learn braill

34、e, I decided to give it a try. In 1973, she was ce rtified as a braille transcriber（ 轉(zhuǎn)譯者）and began transcribing books as a volunteer for the CNIB library.The job was strenuous 一 she could get to the end of a page, make a mistake on the las t line, and have to do the whole thing again. For a number o

35、f y ears, Low also worked in the CNIB sound studio reading book s onto tape. Three years ago, she took up proofreading（ 校 對）at the CNIBs word factory.In April, during Volunteer Week, the CNIB recognized Low for her great contributions. Thanks to volunteers like Low, the CN IB library has got more th

36、an 80 , 000 accessible materials for people unable to read traditional print. I cant imagine how many readers of all ages have ben efited from Doris contribution as a skilled volunteer through her rich voice and h er high degree of accuracy in the hundreds of books she has brailled and proofread ove

37、r the years 一 and she is still doing so , said a CNIB official.“Fome, said Low, theCN舊 is more than just a place to v olunteer. Three things matter most in my life: a little play, a littl e work, a little love. Ive found them all here. ”What does Low still do at the age of 90 at the CNIB? (no more t

38、han 10 words)Why did Low learn braille? (no more than 15 words)What does the underlined word“strenuous m ost probablymean ? (1 word)What are Lows contributions to the CNIB? (no more than15 words)What do you think of Low? Give your reasons. (no more t han 20 words)【要點綜述】本文是一篇記敘文。主要介紹了 Doris Low從年輕時就成

39、為一名志愿者為那些聽力有問題的人讀書，將書中的 內(nèi)容轉(zhuǎn)在磁帶上，還作為轉(zhuǎn)譯者將普通的書譯成布拉耶文(即盲 文)?，F(xiàn)年她已經(jīng)90歲了，依舊在做志愿工作。She helps transform literature into braille (for blind readers /the blind).根據(jù)第一段中的“where)he helps transform literature into braille ” 可知, Doris Low在90歲時依舊在幫忙把文學(xué)作品翻譯成盲文。(Because) her mothers eyes began to fail and she heard an

40、/the advertisement. 根據(jù)第三段中的“Aher eyes began to fail, Low read to her ，hearings advertisement encouraging people to learn braille,I decided to give it a try. ”電ow學(xué)盲文是因為她母親的視力下降，而且正好聽到了一則鼓勵人們學(xué)盲文的廣告。Difficult/Hard/Tiring/Tough,根據(jù)畫線單詞后的內(nèi)容“sheould get to the end of a page, make a mistake on the last line

41、, and have to do the whole thing again. ” 可知將書譯成 守文是非常難的，故用 difficult/hard/tiring/though 等詞匯。She has brailled and proofread hundreds of books, and read books onto tape.根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“thCN舊 recognized Low for her great contributions. ” 可知 contributions后面的內(nèi)容都是Low作出的貢獻。重點的貢獻就 是throughier rich voice and her

42、high degree of accuracy in t he hundreds of books she has brailled and proofread ”各句 子進行整合就構(gòu)成本題的答案。2013年高考試題【2013天津卷】閱讀表達（共5小題：每小題2分，滿分10 分）閱讀短文，按照題目要求用英語回答問題。My name is Clara. I still remember that chilly December day, s itting in science class. I finished a worksheet early and picke d up a Time fo

43、r Kids magazine. A piece of news caught my ey e. NASA was holding an essay contest to name its Mars rover （火星探測器）.Before I even knew anything else about it, a single word fl ooded my 11-year-old mind: Curiosity.I couldn wait for the bell to ring so I could get started on my e ssay. That afternoon, I

44、 raced home, sat down at the computer ,and typed until my fingers ached. Curiosityis an everlasting flame that burns in everyone mind ”Five months later, my mom received a phone call, and immed iately, a wide smile spread across her face.On August 5, 2012, at 10:31 p.m., the rover named Curiosity t

45、ouched down safely on the surface of Mars, and I was honore d to have a front-row seat in NASA.Curiosity is such an important part of who I am. I have always been fascinated by the stars, the planets, the sky and the univ erse. I remember as a little girl, my grandmother and I would s it together in

46、 the backyard for hours. She dtell me stories and point out the stars. Grandma lived in China, thousands of mil es away from my home in , but the stars kept us together eve n when we were apart. They were always there, yet there was so much I didn know about them. That what I love so muc h about spa

47、ce.People often ask me why we go to faraway places like Mars.My answer is simple because we recurious. We human being s do not just hole up in one place. We are constantly wonderi ng and trying to find out what over the hill and beyond the h orizon.【文章大意】這篇文章介紹了作者為什么給火星探測器命名為 Curiosity :因為好奇才會進步、發(fā)展。

48、How did Clara get the news about the essay contest? (no more than 10 words)答案By reading a Time for Kids magazine. Or: From a Time for Kids magazine解析文章的第一段第二句話“I findshed a worksheet early and picked up a Time for Kids magazine”明確指明了來源。對學(xué)生來說就是語言的組織問題 了。題干中的the news暗示了答案可能出現(xiàn)的位置，又因為 后面是談?wù)摳傎惖膬?nèi)容，所以我們知道答

49、案應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)在前面那 句話中?？键c定位考查對文章的細(xì)節(jié)理解能力。一般根據(jù)題干中的關(guān) 鍵信息去定位答案，然后根據(jù)文章的意思就能很快的找到答 案。Why did Clara have a frontrow seat in NASA? (no more than 10 words)答案She won the essay contest held by NASA. Or: She named the Mars rover “Curiosity Or: . aCuriosity was chosen as the n ame of the Mars rover.解析題干中的關(guān)鍵信息“a front-row

50、 seat in NASA告訴我們答 案可能在第四段，第四段中有一個 thever named Curiosity 再結(jié)合第二段中的“ Curidty is an”的句子，我們就能得出正 確答案了。考點定位考查細(xì)節(jié)理解能力。一般根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵信息去 定位答案，然后根據(jù)文章的意思就能很快的找到答案。What does Clara remember about the time spent with Gra ndma? (no more than 15 words)答案She sat together with Grandma listening to her stories about sta

51、rs. Or: Hergrandma told her stories about stars. Or: They sat together t alking about stars.解析關(guān)鍵信息“ theme spent with Grandma說明答案應(yīng)該出 現(xiàn)在倒數(shù)第2段：I remember as a little girl, my grandmother and I would sit tog ether in the backyard for hours. She d tell me stories and poin t out the stars.學(xué)生在組織語言的時候要把人物和事

52、件都概括 進來。考點定位考查細(xì)節(jié)理解能力。學(xué)生在組織語言時必須把人物 和事件概括好。What does the underlined phrase“holaip mean? (1 word)答案Stay/Remain/Live/Hide考點定位考查推測生詞的能力。一定要把握好語境，有時要 考慮搭配。In your opinion, why is curiosity important? (no more than 20 words)答案Curiosity is important because it leads to discovery or inve ntions. Or: With cu

53、riosity, we keep asking questions and explo ring the world unknown. Or: Curiosity drives us through our liv es so that we never stop wondering about the things beyond our knowledge.解析這是一個開放性的問題，理解了原文之后，就比較容易 回答了。但是，回答時一定不要偏離了文章的中心。文章多次 提到curiosity或curious ,我們要對除了專有名詞之外的地方 進行概括提煉，揣摩作者的意思?？键c定位考查學(xué)生概括能力

54、和組織語言能力。對出現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵詞 的對方要進行歸納總結(jié)，在揣摩了作者的意圖之后，組織語i=r o2012年高考試題2012 天津春閱讀短文，并按照題目要求用英語回答問題。Born in 1949, Diana Nyad took an early interest in swimming as a sport and was a swimming champion. Like many youn g athletes, she had Olympic dreams, but a serious illness kept her from competing in the Games. The di

55、sappointment didnt stop her from going forward. Instead, she became interested i n marathon swimming. A brilliant athlete, she was wellconditio ned for spending long periods of time in the water. As a longdi stance swimmer, she would compete against herself and the obstacles presented by distance, d

56、anger, cold, and exhaustio n.For ten years Nyad devoted herself to becoming one of the w orlds best longdistance swimmers. In 1970, she swam a tenm ile marathon in , setting the womens record for the course. In 1972 she set another record by swimming 102.5 miles from a n island in the Bahamas to the

57、 coast of . Then she broke a thi rd record when swimming around in 1975.Nyad attempted to swim the distance between Florida and in 1978. Though the span of water is less than 100 miles wide, it is rough and dangerous. After battling the water for two days, she had to give up for the sake of her own

58、health and safety. Even so, she impressed the world with her courage and stron g desire to succeed. For Nyad her strength of purpose was ju st as important as reaching . That is how she defined success .It did not matter that her swim came up short; she believed s he had touched the other shore.When

59、 Nyad ended her career as a swimmer, she continued to try new things 一travelling the world as a reporter, writing books and giving pub lic speeches about her life. Diana Nyad works to inspire other s, just as she did when she swam the waters of the world.What prevented Nyad from taking part in the O

60、lympic Ga mes ? (No more than 5 words)What does the underlined word a obstacles mean ?(1 word)What achievement did Nyad make in 1970?(No more than 10 words)Why did Nyad believe that she had touched the other sh ore ? (No more than 10 words)Please explain how you are inspired by Nyad.(No more t han 2