高考英語四選一閱讀專題復(fù)習(xí)理解作者的意圖、觀點和態(tài)度課件

1、高考英語四選一閱讀專題復(fù)習(xí)-理解作者的意圖、觀點和態(tài)度高考英語四選一閱讀專題復(fù)習(xí)-理解作者的意圖、觀點和態(tài)度理解作者的意圖、觀點和態(tài)度考點理解作者的意圖、觀點和態(tài)度考點 理解作者的意圖、觀點和態(tài)度，是近四年來全國卷和卷的必考點，全國卷的?？键c。每年每套題通?？?3個小題。 這類題包括作者寫整篇文章的目的，寫某個部分或段落的目的，寫某句話的目的，在文中提到某人或某事物的目的，以及使用某標(biāo)點、引用和舉例的目的等。 題干中常有purpose或不定式(intend to do, in order to do, to do)。 理解作者的意圖、觀點和態(tài)度，是近四年來全國 作者寫文章的意圖，或是向讀者傳遞

2、某個信息，或是愉悅讀者，或是講授某個道理。這類題的提問方式有： What is the authors purpose in writing the text? (2018年全國卷) What does the author want to tell us? (2013年全國課標(biāo)卷) What does the text suggest people do about? (2019全國卷)作者的意圖：文章寫作目的 作者寫文章的意圖，或是向讀者傳遞某個信息，或是愉 寫作意圖與文體類型密切相關(guān)，因此，解答這類題可用文體推斷法： 議論文說服讀者接受或贊同某一觀點，倡導(dǎo)某種做法等。 說明文介紹某一事物

3、或說明某種現(xiàn)象。 記敘文分享一段有趣的經(jīng)歷或故事，使讀者獲得樂趣；若是夾敘夾議的文章，則是表達(dá)作者的觀點、感悟或啟示，重點關(guān)注首尾段中的“議”。 廣告推銷一種產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)，其目的是吸引更多顧客、游客、讀者、訂戶、觀眾等。 寫作意圖與文體類型密切相關(guān)，因此，解答這類題可用典型例題2018年全國卷27 I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. When the stu

4、dio didnt want me for the filmit wanted somebody as well known as Paulhe stood up for me. The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that 關(guān)鍵詞第一段寫作者與Paul初相識第二段講建立長久友誼的原因典型例題2018年全國卷27 I first m We shared the belief that i

5、f youre fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back I last saw him a few months ago. Hed been in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didnt talk about it. Ours was a relationship that didnt need a lot of words. What is the authors purpose in writi

6、ng the text?A. To show his love of films.B. To remember a friend.C. To introduce a new movie.D. To share his acting experience. 第三段講建立長久友誼的原因第四段談Paul病逝前作者看望Paul時的情景 We shared the belief that if點撥：本文是記敘文，要在理解其內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上去推斷作者的寫作目的。第一段寫作者與Paul初相識，第二段和第三段講建立長久友誼的原因，第四段談Paul病逝前作者看望Paul時的情景，全文都是講作者與Paul的友誼的，關(guān)

7、鍵詞是第二段首句中的friendship，可見作者寫這篇文章是為了紀(jì)念一個朋友，故選B項。 點撥：本文是記敘文，要在理解其內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上去推斷作者的寫作目對點練習(xí)1. (2016年全國卷31) If you are a fruit groweror would like to become onetake advantage of Apple Day to see whats around. Its called Apple Day but in practice its more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21, but si

8、nce it has caught on, events now spread out over most of October around Britain. What is the authors purpose in writing the text?A. To show how to grow apples.B. To introduce an apple festival.C. To help people select apples.D. To promote apple research.對點練習(xí)What is the authors puB 文體推斷法。本文是說明文，作者應(yīng)是介

9、紹某事物。由第一段第一句“If you are a fruit groweror would like to become onetake advantage of Apple Day to see whats around. (如果你是或愿意成為一名果樹種植者，可利用蘋果節(jié)了解一下情況。)”可知，作者是要介紹蘋果節(jié)，故選B項。B 文體推斷法。本文是說明文，作者應(yīng)是介紹某事物。由第一段2. (2013年全國課標(biāo)卷29) Some people will do just about anything to save money. And I am one of them. Take my fam

10、ilys last vacation for example. The flight was overbooked, and Delta, the airline, offered us 400 per person in credits to give up our seats and leave the next day Ive made a living looking for the best deals and exposing (揭露)the worst tricks I tell you this because there is no shame in getting your

11、 moneys worth. Im also tightfisted when it comes to shoes, clothes for my children, and expensive restaurants.提出論點總結(jié)2. (2013年全國課標(biāo)卷29) Some peoplBut I wouldnt hesitate to spend on a good haircut. It keeps its shape longer, and its the first thing people notice. And I will also spend on a classic piec

12、e of furniture. Quality lasts.What does the author want to tell us?A. How to expose bad tricks.B. How to reserve airline seats.C. How to spend money wisely.D. How to make a business deal.But I wouldnt hesitate to speC 文體推斷法。本文夾敘夾議，能體現(xiàn)其寫作目的的應(yīng)是其論點或發(fā)表議論的句子，常在文章首尾。第一段前兩句“為了省錢，有些人幾乎什么都做，我就是其中一個?！笔亲髡咛岢稣擖c，

13、然后用自己的經(jīng)歷來證明；最后一段第一句“我告訴你這些，是因為讓錢花得物有所值不是丑事?！睘榭偨Y(jié)句。據(jù)此可知，作者是在試圖向我們說明“如何明智地花錢”，故選C項。“如何揭露騙局”“如何預(yù)訂機(jī)票”“如何談成生意”顯然不符。 C 文體推斷法。本文夾敘夾議，能體現(xiàn)其寫作目的的應(yīng)是其論3. (2012年全國大綱卷44) Cold weather can be hard on pets, just like it can be hard on people. Sometimes owners forget that their pets are just as used to the warm shelt

14、er (住所) as they are. Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of time, thinking that all animals are used to living outdoors. This can put their pets in danger of serious illness. There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe. Keep your pets inside as much as yo

15、u can when the weather is bad 3. (2012年全國大綱卷44) Cold weathIf left alone outside, dogs and cats can bevery smart in their search for warm shelterKeep an eye on your pets water. Sometimes owners dont realize that a water bowl has frozenWhat is the purpose of this text?A. To solve a problem.B. To give

16、practical advice.C. To tell an interesting story.D. To present a research result.If left alone outside, dogs anB 文體推斷法。由第一段末句“There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe”及以下兩段內(nèi)容可知，這是一篇說明文，作者的寫作意圖是給讀者一些飼養(yǎng)寵物的實用性建議。故選B項。B 文體推斷法。由第一段末句“There are thin 此類題目要求考生理解作者寫作某個段落或部分的目的。提問方式有： Wha

17、t is the purpose of the last part of the text? (2018年全國卷) What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4? (2019全國卷) Why does the author mention in the first paragraph? (2016年全國卷)作者的意圖：段落寫作目的 此類題目要求考生理解作者寫作某個段落或部分的目的 寫作意圖與文章主旨密切相關(guān)，因此，解答這類題多用主旨推斷法。即用略讀法，讀首尾段和各段的首尾句，找到主題句，抓住文章主旨，然后由主旨來推斷作者的寫作目的。議論文、新

18、聞報道、說明文等，其主題句多在文首。 寫作意圖與文章主旨密切相關(guān)，因此，解答這類題典型例題2018年全國卷23 Support Pacific Science Center Since 1962 Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(熱情)for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. Today Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and br

19、ings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State. Its an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Visit to find various ways you can support Pacific Scien

20、ce Center. 體現(xiàn)該段主旨寫作目的是希望得到各界人士和組織的捐助關(guān)鍵詞典型例題2018年全國卷23體現(xiàn)該段主旨寫作目的是希What is the purpose of the last part of the text?A. To encourage donations. B. To advertise coming events. C. To introduce special exhibits. D. To tell about the Centers history.點撥：可用主旨推斷法。標(biāo)題Support Pacific Science Center最能體現(xiàn)該段主旨，又由最后一

21、段最后兩句可知，該部分的寫作目的是希望得到各界人士和組織的捐助，support是關(guān)鍵詞，故選A項。What is the purpose of the la對點練習(xí) 1. (2016年全國卷28) As a third generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never pleased move away Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms. Garza finally say yes. Today all three generations regard the

22、move to a success No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to the children and grandchildren 對點練習(xí) 1. (2016年全國卷28) A Moving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it

23、 is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder. What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph?A. Make decisions in the best interes

24、ts of their own.B. Ask their children to pay more visits to them.C. Sacrifice for their struggling children.D. Get to know themselves better. 主題句 Moving is noA 主旨推斷法。最后一段首句“Moving is not for everyone. (搬到孩子那里一起生活并不適合所有的老年人。)”是該段主題句；又由第二句but后“sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently inste

25、ad(然而不和孩子住在一起，而是經(jīng)常去探訪他們，更明智)”，以及最后一句的but后“giving up the life you know may be harder (放棄本來已習(xí)慣的生活可能更難)”可知，在做這類決定之前，要謹(jǐn)慎考慮，以保證自身最大的利益，故選A項（做出最符合他們自己的利益的決定。）。 A 主旨推斷法。最后一段首句“Moving is not 2. (2016全國卷29) Reading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to

26、read and then meet to discuss them. Now the website BookC turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.引出下文引出下文 Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number Bruce Pederson, the managing director of Book Cross

27、ing, says People who find a book can also leave a journal entry BookCrossing is part of a trend among people Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph?A. To explain what they are.B. To introduce BookCrossing.C. To stress the importance of reading.D. To encourage readers to share

28、 their ideas. Members go on the site andB 主旨推斷法。由題干中的in the first paragraph定位到第一段。前三句說，閱讀可成為一種社會性活動，想想那些參加讀書小組的人，挑選一些書去讀，然后又聚在一起談?wù)撨@些書。然后作者用一個Now使話鋒一轉(zhuǎn)，BookCrossing這個網(wǎng)站給傳統(tǒng)的讀書小組翻開了新的一頁(主題句)。接下來的四段均是介紹該網(wǎng)站。由此推斷，作者提到讀書小組的目的是引出這個網(wǎng)站，故選B項 (介紹Book Grossing這個網(wǎng)站)。 B 主旨推斷法。由題干中的in the first par 3. (2019年全國卷26) G

29、ood Morning Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week The eight-part series (系列節(jié)目), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITVs Save Money: G

30、ood Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market. 3. (2019年全國卷26) Good MWhat does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?A. Summarize the previous paragraphs.B. Provide some advice for the readers.C. Add some background information.D. Int

31、roduce a new topic for discussion.C 第四段只有一句話，主干是“Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITVs Save Money: Good Health (Save Money: Good Food是效仿英國獨立電視臺的Save Money: Good Health的)”，因此，這段是為Save Money: Good Food這個節(jié)目提供背景信息的，故選C項。 What does the author intend t4. (廣東卷) “Have you ever been out on

32、a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave? Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you?” asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh. “There is certainly a lot of energy in waves,” he said. Scientists are working to use that energy t

33、o make electricity. Most waves are created when winds blow across the ocean4. (廣東卷) “Have you ever been o The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to .A. test the readers knowledge about wavesB. draw the readers attention to the topicC. show Jamie Taylors importanceD. invite

34、 the readers to answer themB 本文運用兩個疑問句，其目的是讓讀者關(guān)注主題，故選B項。順便提提，作者簡介相關(guān)事物是為了引出主題，列舉事例、引語或數(shù)據(jù)是為了說明或論證某個觀點或說明某個主題。 The writer uses the two ques 此類題目考查的是作者對某事物或某問題的看法。題干中常有think of或opinion等，具體提問方式有： What does the author think of? (2019全國卷) What is the authors opinion on? (2012年全國課標(biāo)卷) 作者的觀點態(tài)度必定會在字里行間流露出來，因此，

35、由相關(guān)句段里的表達(dá)情感狀況的形容詞或動詞往往能把握作者的觀點態(tài)度，因此主要用關(guān)鍵詞推斷法。作者的觀點 此類題目考查的是作者對某事物或某問題的看法。題干典型例題2019年全國卷32 We may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (裝置)well after they go out of style. That

36、s bad news for the environmentand our walletsas these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.What does the author think of new devices?A. They are environment-friendly.B. They are no better than the old.C. They cost more to use at home.D. They go out of

37、 style quickly. 典型例題2019年全國卷32What does t點撥：由第一段最后一句，“過時的裝置比更新的裝置消耗多得多的能源”，也就是說，新裝置耗能少得多，即有利于環(huán)保，故選A項。點撥：由第一段最后一句，“過時的裝置比更新的裝置消耗多得多的對點練習(xí) 1. (2015年全國卷24) The freezing Northeast hasnt been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter, so when the chance came for a weekend to Sarasota, Florida, my bag

38、s were packed before you could say “sunshine.” Swimming pools, wine tasting, and pink sunsets filled the weekend, but the best partparticularly to my taste, dulled by months of cold-weather root vegetableswas a 7 a. m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers market that proved to be more than worth the ea

39、rly wake-up call. 關(guān)鍵詞對點練習(xí)關(guān)鍵詞 The market, which was founded in 1979, sets up its tents Disappointed, Ive refused to buy winter tomatoes for yearsI realized that the best part of Sarasota in winter was going to be eating things that back home in New York I wouldnt be experiencing again for months. Del

40、ighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness deepenedWhat did the author think of her winter life in New York? A. Exciting.B. Boring. C. Relaxing.D. Annoying. The market, which was fouB 關(guān)鍵詞推斷法。由第一句The freezing Northeast hasnt been a terribly fun place及第四句中dulled by可推斷，作者認(rèn)為她自己在紐約的冬天生活是“乏味的”

41、，not fun, dulled是關(guān)鍵詞，故選B項。文中的Northeast是指作者居住的紐約，第三段中的back home in New York也可印證這一點。B 關(guān)鍵詞推斷法。由第一句The freezing No 2. (2019全國卷24) Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C. Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物質(zhì)). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches ar

42、e high in the carotenoids As for cherries (櫻桃), they are so delicious. Who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C.What does the author seem to like about cherries?A. They contain protein.B. They are high in vitamin A.C. They have a pleasant taste.D. They are rich in antioxidants.同義 2. (2019全國卷24

43、) Of the C 關(guān)鍵詞推斷法。由題干中的cherries定位到第二段最后一句。由“As for cherries, they are so delicious. Who cares? (至于櫻桃，是非常美味的，誰在乎呢？)”可知，選C項。該項They have a pleasant taste與文中they are so delicious同義。文中關(guān)鍵詞是delicious。 C 關(guān)鍵詞推斷法。由題干中的cherries定位到第二段 3. (2018年全國卷27) I work with Volunteers for Wildlife Trying to help injured, d

44、isplaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful. I got a rescue call from a woman I examined the chick(雛鳥)and it seemed fine Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent The homeowner called to say that the

45、parents had responded to the recordings. I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of allLUNCH！The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.關(guān)鍵詞 3. (2018年全國卷27) I work wiHow would the author

46、feel about the outcome of the event?A. Its unexpected.B. Its beautiful. C. Its humorous.D. Its discouraging. B 由最后兩段可知，雛鳥得到了其父母的照管，達(dá)到了作者的預(yù)期，結(jié)果是完美的，因此，作者也應(yīng)感到非常滿意，故選B項，與首段末句中的beautiful相呼應(yīng)。其中healthy and active, greatest sight為關(guān)鍵詞。 How would the author feel abo 4. (2012年全國課標(biāo)卷71) The law of overlearning

47、explains why cramming (突擊學(xué)習(xí))for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little

48、overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for ones future development.關(guān)鍵詞作者認(rèn)為突擊學(xué)習(xí)的作用很有限 4. (2012年全國課標(biāo)卷71) The law What is the authors opinion on cramming?A. It leads to failure in college exams.B. Its helpful only in a limited way.C. Its possible to result in poor memory.D. It increases s

49、tudents learning interest.B 關(guān)鍵詞推斷法。由最后一段的首句 “ cramming (突擊學(xué)習(xí))is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course.”和第二句的“By cramming but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned.”可知，作者認(rèn)為突擊學(xué)習(xí)的作用很有限，notsatisfactory, forget是關(guān)鍵詞，故選B項。 What is the authors opinion5. (2019年全國卷35) but a new s

50、tudy shows that we keep using our old devices (裝置)well after they go out of style. Thats bad news for the environmentand our walletsas these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things. So whats the solution (解決方案)? They found that more on-demand entertainme

51、nt viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.表明觀點調(diào)研結(jié)果5. (2019年全國卷35) but a new sWhat does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A. Stop using them.B. Take them apart.C. Upgrade them.D. Recycle them.A 文體推斷法。這是調(diào)研發(fā)現(xiàn)類說明文，作者對調(diào)研結(jié)果的看法常在調(diào)研結(jié)

52、果之后。第一段a new study shows之后為調(diào)研結(jié)果“我們在繼續(xù)使用過時的裝置”，接著作者表明觀點 “這對環(huán)境來說是個壞消息”“過時的裝置比更新的裝置消耗多得多的能源”，可見作者的觀點或該文的建議是：人們不要再用舊電器了。故選A項。 What does the text suggest pe作者的態(tài)度 此類題目考查作者對某事物是持贊成、贊揚或支持的態(tài)度，還是懷疑、批評或反對的態(tài)度；是持樂觀、幽默、熱情、羨慕或關(guān)切的態(tài)度，還是持厭惡、擔(dān)憂、悲觀、失望、沮喪或容忍的態(tài)度，或是持中立的態(tài)度。題干中常含attitude，具體提問方式有： What is the authors attitud

53、e towards? (2018年全國卷) 解答這類題也主要是用關(guān)鍵詞推斷法。 作者的態(tài)度 此類題目考查作者對某事物是持贊成、典型例題2018年全國卷31 After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually

54、displaced by human development The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park 典型例題2018年全國卷31 After The government spentToday, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fittin

55、g in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.黃石狼項目是一個很有價值的實驗關(guān)鍵詞 The governme

56、nt spentToda What is the authors attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project?A. Doubtful. B. Positive.C. Disapproving. D. Uncaring.積極的懷疑的不贊同的不關(guān)心的點撥：由最后一段最后一句“黃石引狼工程是幫助生物學(xué)家決定是否還要再引狼到別的地方的有價值的實驗。”可知，作者是持肯定態(tài)度的，故選B項。文中關(guān)鍵詞是valuable。 What is the authors attitud對點練習(xí) 1. (2014年全國課標(biāo)卷30)A typical lion tamer

57、(馴獸師) in peoples mind is an entertainer holding a whip (鞭) and a chair. When faced with so many options, the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair. How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion? 對點練習(xí) 1. (2014年全國課標(biāo)卷30) This upsets me to no en

58、d because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best, the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information. The end result is that we feel like we cant focus or that were focused on the wrong things, and so we take less action, ma

59、ke less progress, and stay the same when we could be improving.What is the authors attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3? A. Tolerant. B. Doubtful.C. Respectful. D. Supportive. This upsets me to no end bB 關(guān)鍵詞推斷法。由第三段中的關(guān)鍵詞confused, conflicting, cant focus, wrong等關(guān)鍵詞可推知, 作者對專家的建議是持懷疑態(tài)度的, 故選doubtful (懷疑的)?！叭萑痰摹薄肮Ь吹摹薄爸С值摹憋@然不符。B 關(guān)鍵詞推斷法。由第三段中的關(guān)鍵詞confused, co2. (2013年全國課標(biāo)卷67) But when asked which authors they actually enjoy, people named J. K. Rowling, John Grisham,