2022屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)重難語(yǔ)法課4虛擬語(yǔ)氣學(xué)案北師大版

1、重難語(yǔ)法課(4)虛擬語(yǔ)氣語(yǔ)境中體悟用法朗讀下面短文，體會(huì)、領(lǐng)悟虛擬語(yǔ)氣的形式與用法。My deskmate, Mary, treats me as if she were my sister. She is nice but fat. If she were not so fat, she would look. like a super model. Last year, a doctor advised that sh。 (should) catmore vegetables and fruits. He also made a suggestion that she (should) w

2、ork out regularly. Besides, he insisted that she (should) walk to school. If she had followed the doctors advice, she would not be so fat now. In other words, if the doctor had persuaded her to do so, she would not have become overwei ght.This morning, Mary* s mother bought her a new dress. It wyou表

3、示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，if從句的謂語(yǔ)形式來(lái)一般過(guò)去時(shí),或用“were to/should +動(dòng)詞原形”，主句用 “would/should/could/might + 動(dòng)詞原形”。在It is （high） time that后的從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should（不能省略）+動(dòng)詞原 形”或一般過(guò)去時(shí)。本句為句thout引起的含蓄條件句,可轉(zhuǎn)換為if從句。vould （had） rather后的賓語(yǔ)從句中用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)相反,用過(guò)去 完成時(shí)表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反。insist袤示“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，堅(jiān)持說(shuō)”時(shí),后面從句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。在it is necessary that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句中，主

4、語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“（should） +動(dòng)詞原形”O(jiān)系統(tǒng)中整合規(guī)那么（一）虛擬條件句的基本用法if虛擬條件句（1）基本構(gòu)成時(shí)間if從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式對(duì)現(xiàn)在 的虛擬過(guò)去式（be的過(guò)去式用were）should/would/could/might + 動(dòng)詞原形對(duì)過(guò)去 的虛擬had+過(guò)去分詞should/would/could/might +have+過(guò)去分詞對(duì)將來(lái) 的虛擬should+動(dòng)詞原形should/would/could/might + 動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去式（be的過(guò)去式用were）were to+動(dòng)詞原形（2）錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句當(dāng)從句、主句所表示的行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的

5、形式要根據(jù)它所在的時(shí)間作出 相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。If you hadnt left home wi thout a word, your parents wouldn t be so worried now.要不是你一言不語(yǔ)地離開(kāi)家，你父母現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)那么擔(dān)憂了。（從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反， 主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反）（3）省略if的倒裝句if虛擬條件狀語(yǔ)從句中出現(xiàn)were, had, should時(shí),可省略if,把were, had, should提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式。Had he caught the morning train, he would not have been late for the mee

6、ting.要是他趕上了早晨的火車，他就不會(huì)開(kāi)會(huì)遲到了。.含蓄條件句(1)有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況不用條件句表達(dá)，而是用but for, without等介詞(短語(yǔ))或上下文 來(lái)表示。Wc wouldnt have finished the project on time without your timely help.如果沒(méi)有你的及時(shí)幫助，我們就不能按時(shí)完成那項(xiàng)工程了。(2)用連詞otherwise, or等暗示后文與前面的情況相反，從而引出后文的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet

7、ing.我那天病了，否那么，我就參加運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)了。(3)虛擬條件通過(guò)bul暗示出來(lái)，模式為“虛擬情況+bul +真實(shí)情況”。I would have delivered a speech, but I had a cold that day.我本來(lái)可以演講的，但是那天我感冒了。(二)虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞性從句中的用法.主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣(1)某些It is/was +形容詞/過(guò)去分詞/名詞+ that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句中，主語(yǔ)從句要用 虛擬語(yǔ)氣,即“should+動(dòng)詞原形，should可省略。Its vital that we (should) take our safety driving seriou

8、sly.重要的是我們應(yīng)該認(rèn)真對(duì)待我們的平安駕駛。(2)用于本句型常見(jiàn)的形容詞、過(guò)去分詞、名詞2.賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形容詞necessary, important, best, right, impossible, desirable, advisable, essential, urgent, strange 等。過(guò)去分詞通常表示提議、要求、命令等，如 suggested, required, requested, demanded, urged, decided, proposed, ordered, desired, advised 等。名詞pity, regret, desire, r

9、ule, shame, honour, surprise 等。(1)賓語(yǔ)從句在表示“提議”“要求”“命令” “意志”等動(dòng)詞后，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用 “(should) +動(dòng)詞原形”表示虛擬。常見(jiàn)的此類動(dòng)詞有insist (堅(jiān)持要求，堅(jiān)決主張)， order, command, advice, suggest (建議)，propose, recommend, ask, demand, require, request, urge, arrange, desire, intend, direct 等。He suggested that we (should) start off early the nex

10、t day.他建議我們第二天早點(diǎn)出發(fā)。名師指津當(dāng)suggest表示“暗示，說(shuō)明”之意，insist表示“堅(jiān)持說(shuō)，堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為之意時(shí)，suggest/insist后的賓語(yǔ)從句不使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，而使用陳述語(yǔ)氣。The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.他臉上的微笑說(shuō)明他對(duì)我們的工作很滿意。The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.那個(gè)人堅(jiān)持說(shuō)他從沒(méi)有偷過(guò)那筆錢。(2)wish后接that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式為：時(shí)間從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形

11、式對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬過(guò)去式(b。的過(guò)去式用were)對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬had +過(guò)去分詞對(duì)將來(lái)的虛擬would/could/might +動(dòng)詞原形I wish (that) I were ten years younger.但愿我能年輕十歲。I wish (that) I had met that film star yesterday.我多希望昨天見(jiàn)到了那個(gè)電影明星。(3) would ralher后接賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式為:時(shí)間從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬過(guò)去式(be的過(guò)去式用were)對(duì)將來(lái)的虛擬對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬had +過(guò)去分詞I* d rather he had gone to th

12、e seaside with me the day before yesterday.我希望他前天和我去海邊了。.表語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣(1)句子主語(yǔ)是表示“愿望”“勸告”“建議” “主張”“命令” “決定”等行為動(dòng)詞 派生出來(lái)的同根名詞時(shí)，其表語(yǔ)從句常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣“(should) +動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)。這類名詞 有 suggestion, proposal, request, advice, decision, requirement 等。Our only request is that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.我們唯一的要求是這事

13、應(yīng)該盡可能快地解決。(2)虛擬語(yǔ)氣可用于as if, as though引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句和方式狀語(yǔ)從句：時(shí)間從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬過(guò)去式(be的過(guò)去式用were)對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬had+過(guò)去分詞對(duì)將來(lái)的虛擬would/could/might +動(dòng)詞原形She looks as if nothing had happened to her.她看起來(lái)好像什么事都沒(méi)有發(fā)生似的。He opened his mouth as if he would say something.他張開(kāi)嘴好像要說(shuō)什么。名師指津如果從句中描述的事情可能會(huì)發(fā)生，那么從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用陳述語(yǔ) 氣。It sounds as if

14、 it is raining.聽(tīng)起來(lái)像是在下雨。4.同位語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣當(dāng)表示建議、提議、命令、要求等的名詞作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，其同位語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 用“should+動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略。常見(jiàn)的這類名詞有：advice建議desire渴望order命令decision 決定demand 要求idea想法motion提議plan計(jì)劃proposal提議request 要求 suggestion 建議We agreed to the order that the task (should) be completed at 5 o, clock. 我們都同意這個(gè)命令：五點(diǎn)完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。

15、5.兩個(gè)特定句式中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣if only引導(dǎo)的條件句及感嘆句(2)It is (high/about/very) time (that) .對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬對(duì)將來(lái)的虛擬had+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去式(be的過(guò)去式用were)would/could/should/might +動(dòng)詞原 形從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或“should+動(dòng)詞原形”。If only I had seen the film.要是我看過(guò)那部電影就好了。It is high lime that we should start/slarted out.我們?cè)摮霭l(fā)了。集訓(xùn)中明晰考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)1虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)用(2020 ,江

16、蘇高考改編)If I hadnt been faced with so many barriers, I (be) where I am.解析：wouldnt be句意：我如果沒(méi)有面對(duì)那么多的障礙，就不會(huì)有今天的我(我現(xiàn)在 就不會(huì)在這個(gè)位置上)。根據(jù)if條件句中的hadnt been faced with .可知，從句與過(guò) 去事實(shí)相反，由此判斷出本句是虛擬語(yǔ)氣。再由主句中的1am可知，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反, 故用 would doo(2019 ,江 蘇高考 改編)What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we (have) a good time t

17、ogether.解析：would have had句意：真遺憾！你錯(cuò)過(guò)了這次觀光，否那么，我們就可以在一起 度過(guò)段愉快的時(shí)光了。根據(jù).匕文可知，是對(duì)過(guò)去事情的虛擬，與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，故 填 would have had。(2019 天津高考改編)The workers were not better organized, otherwise they (accomplish) the task in half the time.解析：would have accomplished句意：工人們沒(méi)有被更好地組織起來(lái)，否那么他們就 會(huì)在一半的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成任務(wù)了。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和句意可知，0themvis

18、e后面是虛擬語(yǔ)氣，是對(duì)過(guò) 去發(fā)生的事情的虛擬，故填would have accomplished。. (2018 ,北 京高考 改編)They might have found a better hotel if they (drive) a few more kilometers.解析：had driven句意：如果他們開(kāi)車再多走幾千米的話，他們或許就會(huì)找到一家更 好的旅館。主從句皆為對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬，從句中應(yīng)使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬?？键c(diǎn)2虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞性從句中的應(yīng)用(2018 江蘇高考改編)Its strange that he (take) the books without the

19、 owner* s permission.解析：should have taken句意：真奇怪，他居然沒(méi)有得到主人的允許就把那些書(shū)拿 走了。在it is strange that .句式中，that引導(dǎo)的從句要用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”作 謂語(yǔ)。再根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，應(yīng)用完成時(shí)。(2018 ,江蘇高考改編)There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I (have) a second chance to become more involved.解析：had句意：在這個(gè)村子里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我能再有一次機(jī)會(huì)更 多地參與其

20、中。動(dòng)詞wish后面的賓語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示與現(xiàn)在 的情況相反，故用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。(2016 全國(guó)卷 II 改編)Some classmates suggest we (go) to places of interest nearby.解析：(should) go suggest表示建議”，后面接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句中謂語(yǔ)用should +動(dòng)詞原形，should可省略。(2021 ,大慶模擬)Eye doctors recommend that a child, s first eye exam (be) at the age of six months old.解析：(sh

21、ould) be句意：眼科醫(yī)生建議孩子應(yīng)在六個(gè)月大時(shí)進(jìn)行第一次眼睛檢查。recommend表示“建議；主張”后接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，要用(should+) do的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。(2021 天津模擬)I wish I (not tell) her the news and then she wouldn, t be worried now.解析：hadnt told句意：但愿我沒(méi)有告訴她這個(gè)消息，那么她現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)擔(dān)憂了。 wish引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句往往用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。根據(jù)此題語(yǔ)境，表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的愿望應(yīng)用過(guò) 去完成時(shí)?？键c(diǎn)3虛擬語(yǔ)氣在其他句型中的應(yīng)用. (2021 哈爾 濱模擬)Jack is a great

22、talker. It* high time that he (do) something instead of just talking.解析：did/should do句意：杰克是個(gè)夸夸其談的人。該是他做點(diǎn)什么而不是光說(shuō)的 時(shí)候了。it is high time that后加從句,從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should+動(dòng)詞原形或者過(guò)去式。. (2021 ,海淀模擬)He messed the project up, but he behaved as if nothing (happen).解析：had happened句意：他把這個(gè)工程搞糟了，但他表現(xiàn)的好像什么也沒(méi)發(fā)生一樣。 該句表示對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬，

23、根據(jù)as if的虛擬規(guī)那么，該處應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。. (2021 揚(yáng)州模擬)It was Jack who cheated in the exam. Why are you talking to me as if I (do) it?解析：had done句意：是杰克在考試中作弊。你為什么跟我說(shuō)話，好像是我干的？該 句表示對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬，根據(jù)as if的虛擬規(guī)那么，該處應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。. (2021 ,廣 東模擬)Look at the trouble you are in! If only you (follow) your parents advice.解析：had followed句意：

24、看看你現(xiàn)在所處的困境！你要是聽(tīng)從你父母的建議就好了。 此處表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。自測(cè)中查漏補(bǔ)缺I.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空It is required by law that a driving test (should) be taken(take) before a man gets a license.I believe he must have had an accident; otherwise he would have arrived (arrive) on time.The national smog serves as a constant reminder

25、, indicating that it* s high time we refIcctcd/should reflect (reflect) on ourselves.一How I wish I had passed (pass) the geography exam!So you* re sorry that you didnt work hard.It would be (be) cool if I won this contest. I don，t think Im good enough, though.Give it a shot. You never know.The Antar

26、ctica is so mystically described by some people. If only I had been (bo) there before.Its a shame that you missed the lecture on the British culture given by Thompson.-I would/shouId have attended (attend) it, but I was busy preparing for the coming exam.一Did you make it at last?一Yes. But for your h

27、elp, it would/could have caused (cause) a serious loss.Most citizens strongly insisted that those who attacked the police with violence (should)be put (put) into prison.I wish I had shared (share) the car journey home with my friends. Now they are watching the footba11 match at home.語(yǔ)法填空(2021 ,安徽名校聯(lián)

28、考)Have you ever wondered where Lego (樂(lè)高)came from? Like many great inventions, the story is not only one of a great idea, one of tons of hard work and perseverance (毅力).The story started in Denmark. Ole Christiansen was a carpenter 2 was struggling with his small business. His wife died 3 (short) af

29、ter his fourth son was born. Iio had to work hard to support his family alone. He started making wooden toys, but they didn t sell well. He thought his toys needed a name, and he chose 4 name “Lego” .Unfortunately, several years later, his workshop 5 (burn) to the ground. Soon, he started to make a

30、few plastic toys. He got the idea of creating a “system” of toys that would build up kids 6 (imagine) and creativity. He decided to stop 7_ (make) wooden toys and focus only on the connected plastic toys. Then he started to bui Id more and more kinds of 8 (mode 1). Each one had to be of the 9 (high)

31、 quality, which can be reflected in Lego, s motto - “Only the best is good enough. ”Thanks to his perseverance, kids can enjoy Lego toys, movies, amusement parks and clothing. But none of this would have existed at that time if he 10 (give) up when t i mes were hard.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。表達(dá)了丹麥的一個(gè)木匠Ole Chris

32、tiansen創(chuàng)造樂(lè)高玩 具的經(jīng)過(guò)。but考查連詞。短語(yǔ)not only . but (al so) . ”不僅而且”，故填butowho/that考查定語(yǔ)從句。此處為定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞carpenter,指人，且關(guān) 系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故填who/that。shortly 考查副詞。shortly after表示不久之后，故應(yīng)填副詞shortly。the考查冠詞。name為可數(shù)名詞，此處表示特指，故用定冠詞the。was burncd/burnt 考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)several years later可知,此 處描述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，且主語(yǔ)workshop與burn之間構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故 填 was burned/burntoimagination(s) 考查名詞。空處和creativity并列,故填名詞，imagination作 “想象力”講時(shí)，既可作可數(shù)名詞，也可作不可數(shù)名詞，故填imagination(s)。maki