2022屆高考英語一輪復習重難語法課4虛擬語氣學案北師大版

1、重難語法課(4)虛擬語氣語境中體悟用法朗讀下面短文，體會、領悟虛擬語氣的形式與用法。My deskmate, Mary, treats me as if she were my sister. She is nice but fat. If she were not so fat, she would look. like a super model. Last year, a doctor advised that sh。 (should) catmore vegetables and fruits. He also made a suggestion that she (should) w

2、ork out regularly. Besides, he insisted that she (should) walk to school. If she had followed the doctors advice, she would not be so fat now. In other words, if the doctor had persuaded her to do so, she would not have become overwei ght.This morning, Mary* s mother bought her a new dress. It wyou表

3、示與將來事實相反的假設，if從句的謂語形式來一般過去時,或用“were to/should +動詞原形”，主句用 “would/should/could/might + 動詞原形”。在It is （high） time that后的從句中，謂語動詞用“should（不能省略）+動詞原 形”或一般過去時。本句為句thout引起的含蓄條件句,可轉換為if從句。vould （had） rather后的賓語從句中用一般過去時表示與現在或將來相反,用過去 完成時表示與過去事實相反。insist袤示“堅持認為，堅持說”時,后面從句不用虛擬語氣。在it is necessary that引導的主語從句中，主

4、語從句中的謂語動詞用“（should） +動詞原形”O(jiān)系統中整合規(guī)那么（一）虛擬條件句的基本用法if虛擬條件句（1）基本構成時間if從句謂語動詞形式主句謂語動詞形式對現在 的虛擬過去式（be的過去式用were）should/would/could/might + 動詞原形對過去 的虛擬had+過去分詞should/would/could/might +have+過去分詞對將來 的虛擬should+動詞原形should/would/could/might + 動詞原形過去式（be的過去式用were）were to+動詞原形（2）錯綜時間虛擬條件句當從句、主句所表示的行為發(fā)生的時間不一致時，動詞的

5、形式要根據它所在的時間作出 相應的調整。If you hadnt left home wi thout a word, your parents wouldn t be so worried now.要不是你一言不語地離開家，你父母現在就不會那么擔憂了。（從句與過去事實相反， 主句與現在事實相反）（3）省略if的倒裝句if虛擬條件狀語從句中出現were, had, should時,可省略if,把were, had, should提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式。Had he caught the morning train, he would not have been late for the mee

6、ting.要是他趕上了早晨的火車，他就不會開會遲到了。.含蓄條件句(1)有時假設的情況不用條件句表達，而是用but for, without等介詞(短語)或上下文 來表示。Wc wouldnt have finished the project on time without your timely help.如果沒有你的及時幫助，我們就不能按時完成那項工程了。(2)用連詞otherwise, or等暗示后文與前面的情況相反，從而引出后文的虛擬語氣。I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet

7、ing.我那天病了，否那么，我就參加運動會了。(3)虛擬條件通過bul暗示出來，模式為“虛擬情況+bul +真實情況”。I would have delivered a speech, but I had a cold that day.我本來可以演講的，但是那天我感冒了。(二)虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的用法.主語從句中的虛擬語氣(1)某些It is/was +形容詞/過去分詞/名詞+ that引導的主語從句中，主語從句要用 虛擬語氣,即“should+動詞原形，should可省略。Its vital that we (should) take our safety driving seriou

8、sly.重要的是我們應該認真對待我們的平安駕駛。(2)用于本句型常見的形容詞、過去分詞、名詞2.賓語從句中的虛擬語氣形容詞necessary, important, best, right, impossible, desirable, advisable, essential, urgent, strange 等。過去分詞通常表示提議、要求、命令等，如 suggested, required, requested, demanded, urged, decided, proposed, ordered, desired, advised 等。名詞pity, regret, desire, r

9、ule, shame, honour, surprise 等。(1)賓語從句在表示“提議”“要求”“命令” “意志”等動詞后，其謂語動詞用 “(should) +動詞原形”表示虛擬。常見的此類動詞有insist (堅持要求，堅決主張)， order, command, advice, suggest (建議)，propose, recommend, ask, demand, require, request, urge, arrange, desire, intend, direct 等。He suggested that we (should) start off early the nex

10、t day.他建議我們第二天早點出發(fā)。名師指津當suggest表示“暗示，說明”之意，insist表示“堅持說，堅持認為之意時，suggest/insist后的賓語從句不使用虛擬語氣，而使用陳述語氣。The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.他臉上的微笑說明他對我們的工作很滿意。The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.那個人堅持說他從沒有偷過那筆錢。(2)wish后接that引導的賓語從句用虛擬語氣，其謂語動詞的形式為：時間從句謂語動詞形

11、式對現在的虛擬過去式(b。的過去式用were)對過去的虛擬had +過去分詞對將來的虛擬would/could/might +動詞原形I wish (that) I were ten years younger.但愿我能年輕十歲。I wish (that) I had met that film star yesterday.我多希望昨天見到了那個電影明星。(3) would ralher后接賓語從句用虛擬語氣，其謂語動詞的形式為:時間從句謂語動詞形式對現在的虛擬過去式(be的過去式用were)對將來的虛擬對過去的虛擬had +過去分詞I* d rather he had gone to th

12、e seaside with me the day before yesterday.我希望他前天和我去海邊了。.表語從句中的虛擬語氣(1)句子主語是表示“愿望”“勸告”“建議” “主張”“命令” “決定”等行為動詞 派生出來的同根名詞時，其表語從句常用虛擬語氣“(should) +動詞原形”結構。這類名詞 有 suggestion, proposal, request, advice, decision, requirement 等。Our only request is that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.我們唯一的要求是這事

13、應該盡可能快地解決。(2)虛擬語氣可用于as if, as though引導的表語從句和方式狀語從句：時間從句謂語動詞形式對現在的虛擬過去式(be的過去式用were)對過去的虛擬had+過去分詞對將來的虛擬would/could/might +動詞原形She looks as if nothing had happened to her.她看起來好像什么事都沒有發(fā)生似的。He opened his mouth as if he would say something.他張開嘴好像要說什么。名師指津如果從句中描述的事情可能會發(fā)生，那么從句中的謂語動詞可用陳述語 氣。It sounds as if

14、 it is raining.聽起來像是在下雨。4.同位語從句中的虛擬語氣當表示建議、提議、命令、要求等的名詞作主語或賓語時，其同位語從句中的謂語動詞 用“should+動詞原形，should可以省略。常見的這類名詞有：advice建議desire渴望order命令decision 決定demand 要求idea想法motion提議plan計劃proposal提議request 要求 suggestion 建議We agreed to the order that the task (should) be completed at 5 o, clock. 我們都同意這個命令：五點完成這項任務。

15、5.兩個特定句式中的虛擬語氣if only引導的條件句及感嘆句(2)It is (high/about/very) time (that) .對過去的虛擬對現在的虛擬對將來的虛擬had+過去分詞過去式(be的過去式用were)would/could/should/might +動詞原 形從句中謂語動詞用過去式或“should+動詞原形”。If only I had seen the film.要是我看過那部電影就好了。It is high lime that we should start/slarted out.我們該出發(fā)了。集訓中明晰考點考點1虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的應用(2020 ,江

16、蘇高考改編)If I hadnt been faced with so many barriers, I (be) where I am.解析：wouldnt be句意：我如果沒有面對那么多的障礙，就不會有今天的我(我現在 就不會在這個位置上)。根據if條件句中的hadnt been faced with .可知，從句與過 去事實相反，由此判斷出本句是虛擬語氣。再由主句中的1am可知，主句與現在事實相反, 故用 would doo(2019 ,江 蘇高考 改編)What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we (have) a good time t

17、ogether.解析：would have had句意：真遺憾！你錯過了這次觀光，否那么，我們就可以在一起 度過段愉快的時光了。根據.匕文可知，是對過去事情的虛擬，與過去事實相反的假設，故 填 would have had。(2019 天津高考改編)The workers were not better organized, otherwise they (accomplish) the task in half the time.解析：would have accomplished句意：工人們沒有被更好地組織起來，否那么他們就 會在一半的時間內完成任務了。根據語境和句意可知，0themvis

18、e后面是虛擬語氣，是對過 去發(fā)生的事情的虛擬，故填would have accomplished。. (2018 ,北 京高考 改編)They might have found a better hotel if they (drive) a few more kilometers.解析：had driven句意：如果他們開車再多走幾千米的話，他們或許就會找到一家更 好的旅館。主從句皆為對過去的虛擬，從句中應使用過去完成時表示對過去的虛擬?？键c2虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的應用(2018 江蘇高考改編)Its strange that he (take) the books without the

19、 owner* s permission.解析：should have taken句意：真奇怪，他居然沒有得到主人的允許就把那些書拿 走了。在it is strange that .句式中，that引導的從句要用“should+動詞原形”作 謂語。再根據語境可知，應用完成時。(2018 ,江蘇高考改編)There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I (have) a second chance to become more involved.解析：had句意：在這個村子里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我能再有一次機會更 多地參與其

20、中。動詞wish后面的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣。根據句意可知，此處表示與現在 的情況相反，故用動詞的過去式。(2016 全國卷 II 改編)Some classmates suggest we (go) to places of interest nearby.解析：(should) go suggest表示建議”，后面接賓語從句時，從句中謂語用should +動詞原形，should可省略。(2021 ,大慶模擬)Eye doctors recommend that a child, s first eye exam (be) at the age of six months old.解析：(sh

21、ould) be句意：眼科醫(yī)生建議孩子應在六個月大時進行第一次眼睛檢查。recommend表示“建議；主張”后接賓語從句時，要用(should+) do的虛擬語氣。(2021 天津模擬)I wish I (not tell) her the news and then she wouldn, t be worried now.解析：hadnt told句意：但愿我沒有告訴她這個消息，那么她現在就不會擔憂了。 wish引導的賓語從句往往用虛擬語氣。根據此題語境，表示與過去事實相反的愿望應用過 去完成時?？键c3虛擬語氣在其他句型中的應用. (2021 哈爾 濱模擬)Jack is a great

22、talker. It* high time that he (do) something instead of just talking.解析：did/should do句意：杰克是個夸夸其談的人。該是他做點什么而不是光說的 時候了。it is high time that后加從句,從句謂語動詞用should+動詞原形或者過去式。. (2021 ,海淀模擬)He messed the project up, but he behaved as if nothing (happen).解析：had happened句意：他把這個工程搞糟了，但他表現的好像什么也沒發(fā)生一樣。 該句表示對過去的虛擬，

23、根據as if的虛擬規(guī)那么，該處應用過去完成時態(tài)。. (2021 揚州模擬)It was Jack who cheated in the exam. Why are you talking to me as if I (do) it?解析：had done句意：是杰克在考試中作弊。你為什么跟我說話，好像是我干的？該 句表示對過去的虛擬，根據as if的虛擬規(guī)那么，該處應用過去完成時態(tài)。. (2021 ,廣 東模擬)Look at the trouble you are in! If only you (follow) your parents advice.解析：had followed句意：

24、看看你現在所處的困境！你要是聽從你父母的建議就好了。 此處表示與過去事實相反的假設，要用過去完成時。自測中查漏補缺I.用所給詞的適當形式填空It is required by law that a driving test (should) be taken(take) before a man gets a license.I believe he must have had an accident; otherwise he would have arrived (arrive) on time.The national smog serves as a constant reminder

25、, indicating that it* s high time we refIcctcd/should reflect (reflect) on ourselves.一How I wish I had passed (pass) the geography exam!So you* re sorry that you didnt work hard.It would be (be) cool if I won this contest. I don，t think Im good enough, though.Give it a shot. You never know.The Antar

26、ctica is so mystically described by some people. If only I had been (bo) there before.Its a shame that you missed the lecture on the British culture given by Thompson.-I would/shouId have attended (attend) it, but I was busy preparing for the coming exam.一Did you make it at last?一Yes. But for your h

27、elp, it would/could have caused (cause) a serious loss.Most citizens strongly insisted that those who attacked the police with violence (should)be put (put) into prison.I wish I had shared (share) the car journey home with my friends. Now they are watching the footba11 match at home.語法填空(2021 ,安徽名校聯

28、考)Have you ever wondered where Lego (樂高)came from? Like many great inventions, the story is not only one of a great idea, one of tons of hard work and perseverance (毅力).The story started in Denmark. Ole Christiansen was a carpenter 2 was struggling with his small business. His wife died 3 (short) af

29、ter his fourth son was born. Iio had to work hard to support his family alone. He started making wooden toys, but they didn t sell well. He thought his toys needed a name, and he chose 4 name “Lego” .Unfortunately, several years later, his workshop 5 (burn) to the ground. Soon, he started to make a

30、few plastic toys. He got the idea of creating a “system” of toys that would build up kids 6 (imagine) and creativity. He decided to stop 7_ (make) wooden toys and focus only on the connected plastic toys. Then he started to bui Id more and more kinds of 8 (mode 1). Each one had to be of the 9 (high)

31、 quality, which can be reflected in Lego, s motto - “Only the best is good enough. ”Thanks to his perseverance, kids can enjoy Lego toys, movies, amusement parks and clothing. But none of this would have existed at that time if he 10 (give) up when t i mes were hard.語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。表達了丹麥的一個木匠Ole Chris

32、tiansen創(chuàng)造樂高玩 具的經過。but考查連詞。短語not only . but (al so) . ”不僅而且”，故填butowho/that考查定語從句。此處為定語從句，修飾先行詞carpenter,指人，且關 系詞在從句中作主語，故填who/that。shortly 考查副詞。shortly after表示不久之后，故應填副詞shortly。the考查冠詞。name為可數名詞，此處表示特指，故用定冠詞the。was burncd/burnt 考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據several years later可知,此 處描述過去發(fā)生的事情，應用一般過去時，且主語workshop與burn之間構成被動關系，故 填 was burned/burntoimagination(s) 考查名詞。空處和creativity并列,故填名詞，imagination作 “想象力”講時，既可作可數名詞，也可作不可數名詞，故填imagination(s)。maki