2023年北京大學(xué)考博英語真題及答案

1、PartTwo:StructureandWrittenExpression20Directions:Ineachquestiondecidewhichoffourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.MarkyourchoicesontheANSWERSHEET.21.Thenuclearfamily_aself-contained,self-satisfyingunitcomposedoffather,motherandchildren.22.Somepollsshowthatrou

2、ghlytwo-thirdsofthegeneralpublicbelievethatelderlyAmericansare_bysocialisolationandloneliness.23.Inadditiontobetteringgroupandindividualperformance,cooperation_thequalityofinterpersonalrelationship.24.Inthepast50years,there_agreatincreaseintheamountofresearch_onthehumanbrain.A.wasdidB.hasbeentobedon

3、eC.wasdoingD.hasbeendone25.“Imusthaveeatensomethingwrong.Ifeellike_.“Wetoldyounottoeatatarestaurant.Youdbetter_athomewhenyouarenotintheshape.A.tothrowuptoeatB.throwingupeatingC.tothrowupeatD.throwingupeat 26.Parentshavetoshowdueconcernstotheirchildrenscreativityandemotionaloutput;otherwisewhattheyth

4、inkbeneficialtothekidsmightprobably_theirenthusiasmandaspirations.27.Accordingtopsychoanalysis,apersonsattentionisattracted_bytheintensityofdifferentsignals_bytheircontext,significance,andinformationcontent.A.notlessthanasB.asjustasC.somuchasD.notsomuchas28.TheymovedtoPortlandin1998andlivedinabighou

5、se,_tothesouth.29.Theladywhohas_foranightinthedeadofthewinterlaterturnedouttobeadistantrelationofhis.30.Bystanders,_,_astheywalkedpastlinesofambulances.A.bloodyandcoveredwithdust,lookingdazedB.bloodiedandcoveredwithdust,lookeddazedC.bloodyandcoveredwithdust,lookeddazedD.bloodiedandcoveredwithdust,lo

6、okingdazed31.HongKongwasnotatargetforterrorattacks,theGovernmentinsistedyesterday,astheUS_closedforanapparentsecurityreview.32.AmericanfanshaveselectedYaoinavotefortheAll-Stargame_thelegendaryONeal,who_the“GreatWallattheweekendastheRocketsbeattheLosAngelesLakers.A.inheadof,ranonB.inheadof,ranintoC.a

7、headof,ranontoD.aheadof,raninto33.Professionalarchivistsandlibrarianshavetheresourcestoduplicatematerialsinotherformatsandtheexpertisetoretrievematerialstrappedin_computers.34.Shealwaysprintsimportantdocumentsandstoresabackupsetatherhouse.“Iactuallythinktheressomethingaboutthe_ofpaperthatfeelsmoreco

8、mforting.Shesaid.35.“Theysaidwhatwealwaysknew,saidanadministrationsource,_.36.InGermany,theindustrialgiantsDaimlerChryslerandSiemensrecently_theirunionsintosigningcontractsthatlengthenworkhourswithoutincreasingpay.37.Hearguesthatthepolicyhasdonelittletoeasejoblessness,andhasleftthecountry_.38.Themor

9、epeoplehearhisdemented rants,themoretheyseethatheisaterrorist_.39.Thisexpansionofrightshasledtobothaparalysisofthepublicserviceandtoarapidandterrible_inthecharacterofthepopulation.40._adecliningbirthrate,therewillbeanover-supplyof27,000primaryschoolplacesby2023,_leaving35schoolsidle.B.Couplingwith,e

10、quivalenttoC.Coupledwith,equivalenttoD.Couplingwith,equalsto PartThree:ReadingComprehension10PassageOneTheHeroMymothersparentscamefromHungary,butmygrandfathercouldtracehisorigintoGermanyandalsohewaseducatedinGermany.Althoughhewasabletoholdaconversationinninelanguages,hewasmostcomfortableinGerman.Eve

11、rymorning,beforegoingtohisoffice,hereadtheGermanlanguagenewspaper,whichwasAmericanownedandpublishedinNewYork.MygrandfatherwastheonlyoneinhisfamilytocometotheUnited Stateswithhiswifeandchildren.HestillhadrelativeslivinginEurope.Whenthefirstworldwarbrokeout,helamentedthefactthatifmyuncle,hisonlysonhad

12、togo,itwouldbecousinfightingagainstcousin.Intheearlydaysofthewar,mygrandmotherbeggedhimtostoptakingtheGermannewspaperandtotakeanEnglishlanguagenewspaper,instead.Hescoffed attheidea,explainingthatthefactitwasinGermandidnotmakeitaGermannewspaper,butonlyanAmericannewspaper,printedinGerman.Butmygrandmot

13、herinsisted,forfearthattheneighborsmayseehimreaditandthinkhewasGerman.So,hefinallygaveuptheGermannewspaper.Oneday,theinevitablehappenedandmyuncleMiltonreceivednoticetojointhearmy.Mygrandparentswereveryupset,butmymother,hislittlesister,wasexcited.Nowshecouldboastabouthersoldierbrothergoingofftowar.Sh

14、ewastenyearsoldatthetime,andmyuncle,realizinghowhewasregardedbyhislittlesisterandherfriends,wentoutandboughtthemallservicepins,whichmeantthattheyhadaloved oneintheservice.Allthelittlegirlsweredelighted.Whenthedaycameforhimtoleave,hiswholeregiment,intheiruniforms,lefttogetherfromthesametrain station.

15、Therewasabandplayingandmymotherandherfriendscametoseehimoff.Eachoneworeherservice pinandwavedasmallAmericanflag,cheeringtheboys,astheyleft.Themomentcameandthesoldiers,allveryyoung,noneofwhomhadhadanytraining,butwhohadneverthelessallbeenissueduniforms,boardedthetrain.Thebandplayedandthecrowdcheered.T

16、hetraingroanedasifitknewthedestinytowhichitwastakingitspassengers,butitsoonbegantomove.Stillcheeringandwavingtheirflags,thebandstillplaying,thetrainslowlydepartedthestation.an eternityuntilthedoorsopenedandthemenstartedtofileout.Someoneshouted,“Itsthearmistice.Thewarisover.Foramoment,nobodymoved,but

17、thenthepeopleheardsomeonebark ordersatthesoldiers.Themenlinedupandformedintotwolines.Theywalkeddownthestepsand,withthebandplayingbehind,paradeddownthestreet,as returningheroes,tobewelcomedhomebytheassembledcrowd.Thenextdaymyunclereturnedtohisjob,andmygrandfatherresumedreadingtheGermannewspaper,which

18、hereaduntilthedayhedied.41. Wherewasthenarratorsfamilywhenthisstorytookplace?A.InGermany.B.InHungary.C.IntheUnitedStatesD.InNewYork.42.Hisgrandfather_.A.couldnotspeakandreadEnglishwellenoughB.knewninelanguagesequallywellC.knewanumberoflanguages,butfeltmorekintoGermanD.lovedGermanbestbecauseitmadehim

19、thinkofhome43.Hisgrandmotherdidnotwantherhusbandtobuyandreadnewspapers inGerman,because_.A.itwaswartimeandGermansweretheirenemyB.theneighborswouldmistakethemaspro-GermanC.itwaseasiertogetnewspapersinEnglishinAmericaD.nobodyelsereadnewspapersinGermanduringthewartime44.Thenarratorsmotherwantedherbroth

20、ertogotofightinthewar,because_.A.likeeverybodyelseatthewartime,shewasverypatrioticB.shehatedthewarandtheGermansverymuchC.allherfriendshadrelativesinwarandshewantedtobelikethemD.shelikedtohaveabrothershecouldthinkofasaheroPassageTwoWakingUpfromtheAmericanDreamsTherehasbeenmuchtalkrecentlyaboutthephen

21、omenonof“Wal-MartizationofAmerica,whichreferstotheattemptofAmericasgiantWal-Martchainstorecompanytokeepitscostatrock-bottomlevels.Foryears,manyAmericancompanieshaveembracedWal-Mart-likestratagemstocontrollaborcosts,suchashiringtemps(temporaryworkers)andpart-timers,fightingunions,dismantlinginternalc

22、areerladdersandoutsourcingtolowerpayingcontractorsathomeandabroad.Whilethesetacticshavetheadmirableoutcomeofholdingdownconsumerprices,theyrecostlyinotherways.Morethanaquarterofthelaborforce,about34millionworkers,istrappedinlow-wage,oftendead-endjobs.Manymiddle-incomeandhigh-skilledemployeesfacefewer

23、opportunities,too,ascompaniesshiftworktosubcontractorsandtempsagenciesandmovewhite-collarjobstoChinaandIndia. TheresulthasbeenanerosionofoneofAmericasmostcherishedvalue:givingitspeopletheabilitytomoveuptheeconomicladderovertheirlifetimes.Historically,mostAmericans,evenlow-skilledones,wereabletofindp

24、oorlypaidjanitorialorfactoryjobs,thengraduallyclimbedintothemiddleclassastheygainedexperienceandmovedupthewagecurve.Butthenumberofworkersprogressingupwardbegantoslipin1970s.Upwardmobilitydiminishedevenmoreinthe1980sasglobalizationandtechnologyslammedblue-collarwages.RestoringAmericanmobilityislessaq

25、uestionofknowingwhattodothanofmakingithappen.Expertshavedecriedschoolsinadequacyforyears,butfixingthemisalong,arduousstruggle.Similarly,therehavebeenplentyofwarningsaboutdecliningcollegeaccess,butfindingfundswasdifficulteveninerasoflargesurpluses.45.TheAmericandreaminthispassagemainlyrefersto_.A.the

26、rearealwayspossibilitiesofferedtopeopletodevelopthemselvesinthesocietyB.Americanscanalwaysmoveupthepay ladderC.Americanyoungpeoplecanhaveaccesstocollege,eventheyarepoorD.thelaborforceisnottrappedinlow-wageanddead-endjobs46.Wal-Martstrategy,accordingtothispassage,isto_.A.hiretempsandpart-timerstoredu

27、ceitscostB.outsourceitscontractstolowerpriceagenciesathomeandabroadC.holddownitsconsumerpricebycontrollingitslaborcostsD.dismantlethecareerladderandstoppeoplesmobilityupward47.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?A.Wal-Martizationhasbeensuccessfulinkeepingcostsatrock-bottomlevels.B.Upwardmobilityf

28、orlow-skilledworkershasbecomeimpossibleintheU.S.C.Morebusinessopportunitiesaregiventolow-costagenciesinChinaandIndia.D.AlthoughpeopleknowhowtorestoreAmericanmobility,itsdifficulttochangethepresentsituation.PassageThreeSeniorsandtheCityTensofthousandsofretireesarepullingupstakesinsuburbanareasandfash

29、ioningtheirownretirementcommunitiesintheheartofthebustlingcity.Theyarelookingforwhatmostolderpeoplewant:ahomewithnostairsandlowcrimerates.Andtheyarewillingtoexchangeregularweeklygolftimeforrichculturalofferings,youngneighborsandplentyofgoodrestaurants.Spyinganopportunity,majorreal-estatedevelopersha

30、vebrokengroundonurbansitestheyintendedtomarkettosuburbanretirees.Theseseniorsarealreadychangingthefaceofbigcities.Onedeveloper,FranMcCarthyasks:“Whoeverthoughtthatsuburbanflightwouldberoundtrip? Thetrickleofolderfolksreturningtothecityhasgrownintoasteadystream.Whilesomecities,especiallythosewithfewc

31、ulturalofferings,haveseenanexodusofseniors,urbanplannerssayothershavebecomeretireesmagnets.Between1999and2000,thepopulationof64-to-75-year-oldsindowntownChicagorose17percent.Austin,NewOrleans,andLosAngeleshaveseendouble-digitincreasesaswell.Theremaybehiddenhealthbenefitstocityliving.Astudyrevealstha

32、tmovingfromsuburbstothecitycanwardoffthebyproductofaging-socialisolation.Inthenextsixyears,downtownsareexpectedtogrowevengrayer.Foraffluentretirees,citylifeisanincreasinglypopularoption.48.Retiredseniorsaremovingbackintothecitybecause_.A.theyfindtherearetoomanycrimesinthesuburbsB.unliketheflatsinthe

33、city,theircountryhousehavestairstoclimbC.theyarenolongerinterestedinplayinggolfD.inthecity,theyhavemoresocialandculturallifeagainstloneliness49.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat_.A.thereal-estatedevelopershavebrokentheiroriginalcontractsofconstructionwithseniorretireesB.alifeinthedowntowncityisexpensive,

34、andmostofthoseretireeswhomovedbackintothecityareverywell-offC.withmoreolderpeoplelivinginthecity,thecitywillbecomegrayandlessbeautifulD.verysoontheAmericansuburbanareaswillfacetheirlowpopulationcrisis50.FranMcCarthysquestionmeans:nobodyeverthoughtthat_.A.peoplewhomovedoutofthecitydecadesagonowwouldm

35、ovebackB.suburbandwellerswhenmovingbackintothecitymusttakeroundtripC.suburbanflightyearsagowouldgoincirclesD.seniorpeoplesmovingbackintothecitywouldtakeplaceallovertheUnitedStatesDirections:ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthenexplaininyourownEnglishtheexactmeaningofthenumberedandunderlinedparts.P

36、utyouranswersonANSWERSHEET(2)15(51)Beingangryincreasestheriskofinjury,especiallyamongmen,newresearchsays.Theresearchersgathereddataonmorethan2,400accidentvictimsatthreeMissourihospitals.Theyinterviewedeachsubjecttodeterminethepatientsemotionalstatejustbeforetheinjuryand24hoursearlier,gatheringdataon

37、whetherthepatientsfeltirritable,angryorhostile,andtowhatdegree.Thentheycomparedtheresultswithacontrolgroupofuninjuredpeople.(52)Despitewidespreadbeliefin“roadrage,angerdidnotcorrelatewithinjuriesfromtrafficaccidents.(53)Notsurprisingly,angerwasstronglyassociatedwithinjuriesinflicteddeliberately.Buto

38、therinjuriesthoseneitherintentionallyinflictednorfromfallsortrafficaccidentsalsoshowedstrongassociationswithanger.(54)Thecorrelationsweresignificantlyweakerforwomenthanformen,buttherewerenodifferencesbyrace.Theauthorsacknowledgethattheirdatadependonself-reports,whicharenotalwaysreliable.(55)Whyanger

39、correlateswithinjuryisnotknown.“Icanspeculatethattheangermayhavepromptedsomebehaviorthatledtotheinjury,ormayhavesimplydistractedtheperson,leadingindirectlytotheinjury,saidthestudysleadauthor. PartFour:ClozeTest10Directions:ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthenfillineachnumberedblankwithONEsuitable

40、wordtocompletethepassage.PutyouranswersonANSWERSHEET(2).LastyearFrenchdriverskilled(56)_than5,000peopleontheroadsforthefirsttimeindecades.Creditgoeslargely(57)_the1,000automatedradarcamerasplantedonthenationshighwayssince2003,whichexpertsreckon(58)_3,000liveslastyear.Success,ofcoursebreedssuccess:th

41、egovernmentplanstoinstall500(59)_radardevicesthisyear.Soitgoeswithsurveillancethesedays.EuropeansusedtolookatthesecuritycameraspostedinBritishcities,subwaysandbuses(60)_theseedsofanOrwellianworldthatwaslargelyunacceptableinContinentalEurope.ButlastyearsLondonbombing,inwhichvideocameras(61)_akeyrolei

42、nidentifyingtheperpetrators,havehelpedspuraseachange.Amonth(62)_theLondonattacks,halfofGermanssupportedEU-wideplanstorequireInternetprovidersandtelecomstostorealle-mail,Internetandphonedatafor“anti-terror(63)_.InaBritishpoll,73percentofrespondentssaidtheywere(64)_togiveupsomecivil libertytoimprove(6

43、5)_.PartFive:Proofreading10Directions:Inthefollowingpassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,ONEineachnumberedandunderlinedpart.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addaword,orjustdeleteaword.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitwithaslash(/)andwritethecorrectwordbesideit.Ifyouaddaword,writethemissingwordbetweenthewords(inbracke

44、ts)immediatelybeforeandafterit.Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitoutwithaslash(/).PutyouransweronANSWERSHEET(2).Examples:eg.1(66)Themeetingbegun2hoursago.CorrectionputontheANSWERSHEET(2):(66)begunbeganeg.2(67)Scarcelytheysettledthemselvesintheirseatsinthetheatrewhenthecurtainwentup.CorrectionputontheANSWERSHE

45、ET(2):(67)(Scarcely)had(they)eg.3(68)NeverwillInotdoitagain.CorrectionputontheANSWERSHEET(2):(68)not(66)Applicationfilesarepiledhighlythismonthincollegesacrossthecountry.(67)Admissionsofficersareporingessaysandrecommendationletters,scouringtranscriptsandstandardizedtestscores.(68)Butanythingismissin

46、gfrommanyapplications:aclassranking,onceamajorcomponentinadmissionsdecisions.Inthecat-and-mousemaneuveringoveradmissiontoprestigiouscollegesanduniversities,(69)thousandsofhighschoolshavesimplystoppedprovidingthatinformation,concludingitcouldharmthechancesoftheirverybetter,butnotbest,students.(70)Can

47、nycollegeofficials,inturn,havefoundatacticalwaytoresponse.(71)Usingbroaddatathathighschoolsoftenprovide,likeadistributionofgradeaveragesforentireseniorclass,theyessentiallyrecreateanapplicantsclassrank.(72)Theprocesshasleftthemexasperating.(73)“Ifwerelookingatyoursonordaughterandyouwantustoknowthatt

48、heyareamongthebestintheirschool,witharankwedontnecessarilyknowthat,saidJimBock,deanofadmissionsandfinancialaidatSwarthmoreCollege.(74)Admissionsdirectorssaystrategycanbackfire.Whenhighschoolsdonotprovideenoughgeneralinformationtorecreatetheclassrankcalculation,(75)manyadmissionsdirectorssaytheyhavelittlechoiceandtodosomethingvirtuallynoonewantsthemtodo:givemoreweighttoscoresontheSATandotherstandardizedexams. PartSix:Writing15Directions:Writeashortcompositionofabout250to300wordsonthetopicgivenbelow.WriteitneatlyonANSWERSHEET(2).Recently,anewspapercarrieda